@String{pami = "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"}
@String{icslp = "ICSLP"}

@String{icslp92 = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP-92)"}
@String{icslp94 = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP-94)"}
@String{icslp96 = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP-96)"}
@String{icslp98 = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP-98)"}
@String{icslp00 = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP-00)"}
%@string{icassp = "Proceedings IEEE Int'l Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing"}


@String{icassp85 = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing (IEEE ICASSP-85)"}
@String{icassp90 = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing (IEEE ICASSP-90)"}
@String{icassp91 = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing (IEEE ICASSP-91)"}
@String{icassp92 = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing (IEEE ICASSP-92)"}
@String{icassp93 = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing (IEEE ICASSP-93)"}
@String{icassp99 = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing (IEEE ICASSP-99)"}
@String{icassp02 = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing (IEEE ICASSP-02)"}


@String{jasa = "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"}
@String{JASA = "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"}
@String{nips = "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"}
@String{icsi = "ICSI"}
@String{CACM = "Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery"}
@String{CACM = "Communications of the ACM"}
@String{JACM = "Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery"}
@String{MK  = "Morgan Kaufmann"}
@String{LEA = "Lawrence Erlbaum"}
@String{MLJ = "Machine Learning"}
@String{AIJ = "Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{UCB = "University of California at Berkeley"}
@String{icsi = "ICSI"}
@String{UCB-CSD = "University of California at Berkeley, Computer Science Division"}

@String{AAAI80 = "Proceedings of the First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{AAAI82 = "Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{AAAI83 = "Proceedings of the Third National Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{AAAI84 = "Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{AAAI86 = "Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{AAAI87 = "Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{AAAI88 = "Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{AAAI90 = "Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90) "}
@String{AAAI91 = "Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91) "}
@String{AAAI92 = "Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92) "}
@String{AAAI93 = "Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93) "}
@String{AAAI97 = "Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-97) "}

@String{IJCAI77 = "Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{IJCAI83 = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{IJCAI85 = "Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{IJCAI87 = "Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{IJCAI89 = "Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"}
@String{IJCAI95 = "Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)"}



@String{BLS75 = "Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society"}
@String{BLS79 = "Proceedings of the 5th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society"}
@String{BLS86 = "Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society"}
@String{BLS87 = "Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society"}
@String{BLS88 = "Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS-88)"}
@String{xBLS88 = "Proceedings of BLS 14"}
@String{BLS89 = "Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society"}
@String{BLS91 = "Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society"}
@String{BLS93 = "Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society"}
@String{xBLS93 = "Proceedings of BLS 19"}


@String{CLS70 = "Papers from the 6th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society"}
@String{CLS77 = "Papers from the 13th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society"}
@String{CLS78 = "Papers from the 14th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society"}
@String{CLS87 = "Papers from the 23rd Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society"}
@String{CLS99 = "Papers from the 23rd Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society"}


@String{ESCOL92 = "Proceedings of ESCOL 9 (Eastern States Conference on Linguistics)"}
@String{ESCOL92 = "Proceedings of ESCOL 9 (Eastern States Conference on Linguistics)"}

@String{COLING82 = "Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics"}
@String{COLING84 = "Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computational Linguistics"}
@String{COLING86 = "Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-86)"}
@String{COLING88 = "Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-88)"}
@String{COLING90 = "Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-90)"}
@String{COLING92 = "Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-92)"}
@String{COLING96 = "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-96)"}
@String{COLING98 = "Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING/ACL-98)"}
@String{COLING00 = "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-00)"}
@String{COLING02 = "Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-02)"}
@String{COLING04 = "Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-04)"}
@String{COLING06 = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING/ACL-06)"}
@String{COLING08 = "Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-08)"}
@String{COLING10 = "Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-10)"}


@String{ACL80 = "Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-80)"}
@String{ACL83 = "Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-83)"}
@String{ACL85 = "Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-85)"}
@String{ACL86 = "Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-86)"}
@String{ACL87 = "Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-87)"}
@String{ACL88 = "Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-88)"}
@String{ACL89 = "Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-89)"}
@String{ACL90 = "Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-90)"}
@String{ACL91 = "Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-91)"}
@String{ACL92 = "Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-92)"}
@String{ACL93 = "Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-93)"}
@String{ACL94 = "Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-94)"}
@String{ACL95 = "Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-95)"}
@String{ACL96 = "Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-96)"}
@String{ACL97 = "Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-97)"}
@String{ACL98 = "Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-98)"}
@String{ACL99 = "Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-99)"}
@String{ACL00 = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-00)"}
@String{ACL01 = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-01)"}
@String{ACL02 = "Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-02)"}
@String{ACL03 = "Proceedings of the 41th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-03)"}
@String{ACL04 = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-04)"}
@String{ACL05 = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-05)"}
@String{ACL06 = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics/Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING/ACL-06)"}
@String{ACL06-poster = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics/Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING/ACL-06) Poster Session"}
@String{ACL07 = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-07)"}
@String{ACL08 = "Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-08)"}
@String{ACL11 = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-11)"}


@String{NAACL01 = "Proceedings of the 2001 Meeting of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-01)"}
@String{NAACL03 = "Proceedings of the 2003 Meeting of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-03)"}
@String{NAACL04 = "Proceedings of the 2004 Meeting of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-04)"}
@String{NAACL06 = "Proceedings of the 2006 Meeting of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-06)"}
@String{NAACL07 = "Proceedings of the 2007 Meeting of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-07)"}
@String{NAACL09 = "Proceedings of the 2009 Meeting of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-09)"}
@String{NAACL10 = "Proceedings of the 2010 Meeting of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-10)"}

@String{EACL09 = "Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the ACL (EACL-09)"}


@String{EMNLP96 = "1996 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)"}
@String{EMNLP02 = "2002 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)"}
@String{EMNLP03 = "2003 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)"}
@String{EMNLP04 = "2004 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)"}
@String{EMNLP05 = "Proceedings of Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language
Processing (HLT/EMNLP)"}
@String{EMNLP06 = "2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)"}
@String{EMNLP07 = "2007 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)"}
@String{EMNLP08 = "Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-08)"}
@String{EMNLP09 = "Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-09)"}
@String{EMNLP10 = "Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-10)"}
@String{LREC02 = "Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language 
               Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2002)"}

@String{TINLAP1 = "Proceedings of TINLAP-1 (Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing)"}
@String{TINLAP2 = "Proceedings of TINLAP-2 (Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing)"}

@String{JVLVB = "Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior"}

@String{ai = "Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{DARPA = "Proceedings DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop"}
@String{DARPA89 = "Proceedings {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop"}
@String{DARPA90 = "Proceedings {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop"}
@String{DARPA91 = "Proceedings {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop"}
@String{DARPA92 = "Proceedings {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop"}
@String{DARPA93 = "Proceedings {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop"}
@String{DARPA95 = "Proceedings {ARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop"}

%@string{icassp = "Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal Processing"}


@String{ijcai:73 = "Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:75 = "Proceedings of the 4th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:77 = "Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:79 = "Proceedings of the 6th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:81 = "Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:83 = "Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:85 = "Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:87 = "Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:89 = "Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{ijcai:91 = "Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on
		Artificial Intelligence" }

@String{AAAI:80 = "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }
@String{AAAI:82 = "Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }
@String{AAAI:83 = "Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }
@String{AAAI:84 = "Proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }
@String{AAAI:86 = "Proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }
@String{AAAI:87 = "Proceedings of the 6th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }
@String{AAAI:88 = "Proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }
@String{AAAI:90 = "Proceedings of the 8th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }
@String{AAAI:92 = "Proceedings of the 8th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence" }


@String{cogsci:82 = "Proceedings of the 4th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society"}
@String{cogsci:85 = "Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society"}
@String{cogsci:86 = "Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society"}
@String{cogsci:87 = "Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society"}
@String{cogsci:88 = "Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society"}
@String{cogsci:89 = "Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society"}
@String{cogsci:90 = "Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-90)"}
@String{cogsci:91 = "Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-91)"}
@String{cogsci:92 = "Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-92)"}
@String{cogsci:93 = "Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-93)"}
@String{cogsci:94 = "Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-94)"}
@String{cogsci:95 = "Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-95)"}
@String{cogsci:96 = "Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-96)"}
@String{cogsci:97 = "Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-97)"}
@String{cogsci:98 = "Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (COGSCI-98)"}


@String{nips:2 = "{Advances} in {Neural} {Information} {Processing} {Systems} 2"}

@String{nips:4 = "{Advances} in {Neural} {Information} {Processing} {Systems} 4"}

@String{nips:5 = "{Advances} in {Neural} {Information} {Processing} {Systems} 5"}

@String{nips:6 = "{Advances} in {Neural} {Information} {Processing} {Systems} 6"}

@String{coling:84 = "Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics" }

@String{coling:86 = "Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics" }

@String{coling:88 = "Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
		Computational Linguistics" }

@String{coling:90 = "Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics" }

@String{coling:92 = "Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Linguistics" }

@String{acl:80 = "Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics" }
@String{acl:85 = "Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics" }
@String{acl:91 = "Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics" }
@String{acl:92 = "Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics" }
@String{acl:93 = "Proceedings of the 31th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics" }
@String{acl:94 = "Proceedings of the 31th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics" }

@String{eurospeech91 = "Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH-91)"}
@String{eurospeech93 = "Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH-93)"}
@String{eurospeech95 = "Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH-95)"}
@String{eurospeech97 = "Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH-97)"}
@String{eurospeech99 = "Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EUROSPEECH-99)"}


@String{icslp = "Proceedings International Conference on Spoken Language Processing"}

@String{snlp = "Proceedings {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Processing Workshop"}

@String{hlt = "Proceedings {ARPA} Workshop on Human Language Technology"}

@String{iwpt3 = "Proceeedings, Third International Workshop on Parsing Technologies"}

@String{iwpt09 = "International Conference on Parsing Technologies"}


@InProceedings{Abeille90,
  author =       "Anne Abeill\'e",
  booktitle =    ACL90,
  title =        "Lexical and syntactic rules in a tree adjoining
                 grammar",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  pages =        "292--298",
  month =        June,
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{AbeilleSchabesJoshi90,
  author =       "Anne Abeill\'{e} and Yves Schabes and Aravind K. Joshi",
  booktitle =    COLING90,
  title =        "Using Lexicalized TAGs for Machine Translation",
  address =      "Helsinki",
  volume =       "III",
  pages =        "1--6",
  year =         "1990",
}

@book{abeille01,
 editor="Anne Abeill\'e and Owen Rambow",
 title="Tree Adjoining Grammars: Formalisms, Linguistic Analysis and Processing",
 publisher="Center for the Study of Langauge and Information",
 address="Stanford, CA", 
 year=2001
}

@book{abeille03,
editor="Anne Abeill\'e",
year=2003, 
title="Building and Using Parsed Corpora",
series="Language and Speech series", 
publisher="KLUWER", 
address="Dordrecht"
}


@InCollection{Abn91,
  author =       "Steven P. Abney",
  editor =       "Robert C. Berwick and Steven P. Abney and Carol
                 Tenny",
  booktitle =    "Principle-Based Parsing: Computation and
                 Psycholinguistics",
  title =        "Parsing by Chunks",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "257--278",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Abn97,
  author =       "Steven P. Abney",
  title =        "Stochastic Attribute-Value Grammars",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "597--618",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Abn99,
  author =       "Steven P. Abney and Robert E. Schapire and Yoram
                 Singer",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1999 Joint SIGDAT Conference on
                 Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and
                 Very Large Corpora (EMNLP/VLC-99)",
  title =        "Boosting Applied to Tagging and {PP} Attachment",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "College Park, MD",
  pages =        "38--45",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{Abney89,
  author =       "Steven P. Abney",
  title =        "A Computational Model of Human Parsing",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "129--144",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{AbnJoh91,
  author =       "Steven P. Abney and Mark Johnson",
  title =        "Memory Requirements and Local Ambiguities of Parsing
                 Strategies",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "233--250",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Abney02,
 author = {Steven Abney},
 title = {Bootstrapping},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the ACL},
 year = {2002},
 url="http://www.vinartus.net/spa/02a.pdf"

}

@InProceedings{Abrash92,
  author =       "V. Abrash and H. Franco and M. Cohen and N. Morgan and
                 Y. Konig",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ Int'l Conf.\ on Spoken Lang.\ Processing",
  title =        "Connectionist Gender Adaptation in a Hybrid Neural
                 Network / {Hidden Markov Model} Speech Recognition
                 System",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
}

@Book{adelebook,
  editor =       "Adele E. Goldberg",
  title =        "Constructions: {A} Construction Grammar approach to
                 Argument Structure",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{AdeSte82,
  author =       "A. E. Ades and M. J. Steedman",
  title =        "On the Order of Words",
  journal =      "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "517--558",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Adj35,
  author =       "Kazimierz Adjukiewicz",
  title =        "Die syntaktische {Konnexit\"{a}t}",
  journal =      "Studia Philosophica",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "1--27",
  year =         "1935",
  note =         "English translation ``Syntactic Connexion{"} by H.
                 Weber in McCall, S. (Ed.) {\em Polish Logic}, pp.
                 207--231, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1967",
}

@inproceedings{adler-pods08,
 author = {Adler, Isolde},
 title = {Tree-width and functional dependencies in databases},
 booktitle = {PODS '08: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems},
 year = {2008},
 isbn = {978-1-60558-152-1},
 pages = {311--320},
 location = {Vancouver, Canada},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1376916.1376959},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@inproceedings{alder-csl09,
 author = {Adler, Isolde and Weyer, Mark},
 title = {Tree-width for first order formulae},
 booktitle = {CSL'09/EACSL'09: Proceedings of the 23rd CSL international conference and 18th EACSL Annual conference on Computer science logic},
 year = {2009},
 isbn = {3-642-04026-8, 978-3-642-04026-9},
 pages = {71--85},
 location = {Coimbra, Portugal},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
}

@InCollection{Adj67,
  author =       "Kazimierz Adjukiewicz",
  editor =       "Storrs McCall",
  booktitle =    "Polish Logic",
  title =        "Syntactic Connexion",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  pages =        "207--231",
  year =         "1935/1967",
}

@InCollection{AdrSma88,
  author =       "Geert Adriaens and Steven L. Small",
  editor =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Lexical ambiguity resolution: Perspectives from
                 psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial
                 intelligence",
  title =        "{W}ord {E}xpert {P}arsing revisited in a cognitive
                 science perspective",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{Agresti,
  author =       "Alan Agresti",
  title =        "An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis",
  publisher =    "John Wiley \& Sons",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{Aha91,
  author =       "David W. Aha and Dennis Kibler and Marc K. Albert",
  title =        "Instance-based learning algorithms",
  journal =      "Machine Learning",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "37--66",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{AhoHopUll,
  author =       "Albert V. Aho and John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D.
                 Ullman",
  title =        "The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  year =         "1974",
}

@Book{AhoSetUll86,
  author =       "Albert V. Aho and Ravi Sethi and Jeffery D. Ullman",
  title =        "Compilers: {P}rinciples, Techniques, and Tools",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  year =         "1986",
}

@article{Aho:69a,
  author="Alfred V. Aho and Jeffery D. Ullman",
  title="Syntax Directed Translations and the Pushdown Assembler",
  journal="J. Computer and System Sciences",
  volume=3,
  issue=1,
  pages="37--56",
  year=1969,
}

@article{Aho:69b,
  author="Alfred V. Aho and Jeffery D. Ullman",
  title="Properties of Syntax Directed Translations",
  journal="J. Computer and System Sciences",
  volume=3,
  issue=3,
  pages="319--334",
  year=1969,
}

@Book{AhoUll72,
  author =       "Albert V. Aho and Jeffery D. Ullman",
  title =        "The Theory of Parsing, Translation, and Compiling",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    "Prentice-Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Article{AlbertAtkinsonKlazar03,
  author =       "M. H. Albert and M. D. Atkinson and M. Klazar",
  title =        "The enumeration of simple permutations",
  journal =      "Journal of Integer Sequences",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "03.4.4",
  pages =        "18 pages",
  year =         "2003",
}

@InProceedings{alon90,
 author = {N. Alon and P. Seymour and R. Thomas},
 title = {A separator theorem for graphs with an excluded minor and its applications},
 booktitle = {STOC '90: Proceedings of the twenty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing},
 year = {1990},
 isbn = {0-89791-361-2},
 pages = {293--299},
 location = {Baltimore, Maryland, United States},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/100216.100254},
 url={www.math.tau.ac.il/~nogaa/PDFS/spr.pdf}, 
 publisher = {ACM Press},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 }

@article{AM85,
 author=" N. Alon and V.D. Milman",
 title=" $\lambda_1$, isoperimetric inequalities for graphs and superconcentrators",
 journal="J. of Combinatorial Theory, Ser. B", 
 volume=38,
 pages="73--88", 
 year=1985
}

@InProceedings{amir01,
 author="Eyal Amir",
 title="Efficient Approximation for Triangulation of Minimum Treewidth",
 booktitle="17th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence",
 year=2001,
 pages="7--15",
 url="http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/~eyal/papers/decomp-uai01.ps"
}

@InCollection{Ahrens98,
  author =       "Kathleen V. Ahrens",
  editor =       "D. Hillert",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics, Volume 31: {S}entence
                 Processing: {A} Crosslinguistic Perspective",
  title =        "Lexical Ambiguity Resolution: Languages, Tasks, and
                 Timing",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "San Diego",
  year =         "1998",
}

@PhdThesis{Ait-Kaci,
  author =       "H. {{A\"\i t}-Kaci}",
  title =        "A Lattice-Theoretic Approach to Computation Based on a
                 Calculus of Partially Ordered Types",
  school =       "University of Pennsylvania",
  year =         "1984",
}

@TechReport{ale,
  author =       "Bob Carpenter and Gerald Penn",
  title =        "The {A}ttribute {L}ogic {E}ngine {U}sers's {G}uide
                 {V}ersion 2.0.1",
  institution =  "Carnegie Mellon University",
  year =         "1994",
}

@TechReport{alex,
  author =       "Jan Alexandersson and Bianka Buschbeck-Wolf and
                 Tsutomu Fujinami and Elisabeth Maier and Norbert
                 Reithinger and Birte Schmitz and Melanie Siegel",
  title =        "Dialogue Acts in {VERBMOBIL}-2",
  number =       "Verbmobil report 204",
  institution =  "DFKI",
  address =      "Saarbr{\"{u}}cken",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{alexeuro,
  author =       "Jan Alexandersson and Norbert Reithinger",
  booktitle =    eurospeech97,
  title =        "Learning Dialogue Structures From a Corpus",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "2231--2234",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{algc,
  author =       "Paul H. Algoet and Thomas M. Cover",
  title =        "A sandwich proof of the
                 {S}hannon-{M}c{M}illan-{B}reiman Theorem",
  journal =      "The Annals of Probability",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "899--909",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{All87,
  author =       "James Allen",
  title =        "Natural Language Understanding",
  publisher =    "Benjamin Cummings",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{All92,
  author =       "Jens Allwood and Joakim Nivre and Elisabeth
                 {Ahls\'{e}n}",
  title =        "On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Linguistic
                 Feedback",
  journal =      "Journal of Semantics",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "1--26",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{All94,
  author =       "Jens Allwood",
  title =        "Obligations and Options in Dialogue",
  journal =      "Think",
  volume =       "3",
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "ITK Tilburg University",
}

@Article{All95,
  author =       "Jens Allwood",
  title =        "An Activity-Based Approach to Pragmatics",
  journal =      "Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics",
  volume =       "76",
  year =         "1995",
  URL =          "citeseer.nj.nec.com/allwood95activity.html",
}

@InProceedings{Allanetal98-tdt,
  author =       "James Allan and Jaime Carbonell and George Doddington
                 and Jon Yamron and Yiming Yang",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the DARPA Broadcast News Understanding
                 and Transcription Workshop",
  title =        "Topic Detection and Tracking Pilot Study:\ {F}inal
                 Report",
  organization = "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency",
  pages =        "194--218",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1998",
}

@Book{Allen95,
  author =       "James Allen",
  title =        "Natural Language Understanding",
  publisher =    "Benjamin Cummings",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{allentrains95,
  author =       "James Allen and George Ferguson and Brad Miller and
                 Eric Ringger",
  booktitle =    DARPA95,
  title =        "Spoken Dialogue and Interactive Planning",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Austin, TX",
  pages =        "202--207",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Book{AllHunKla87,
  author =       "Jonathan Allen and M. Sharon Hunnicut and Dennis H.
                 Klatt",
  title =        "From Text to Speech: {T}he {MIT}alk system",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{AllPer80,
  author =       "James Allen and C. Raymond Perrault",
  title =        "Analyzing Intention in Utterances",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "143--178",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{Altmann,
  author =       "Gerry T. M. Altmann",
  title =        "Ambiguity, parsing strategies, and computational
                 models",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--97",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{anderson85,
  author =       "Stephen R. Anderson",
  editor =       "Timothy Shopen",
  booktitle =    "Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume
                 3",
  title =        "Inflectional Morphology",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  pages =        "150--201",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{Anderson90,
  author =       "John R. Anderson",
  title =        "The adaptive character of thought",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Book{Anderson92,
  author =       "Stephen R. Anderson",
  title =        "Amorphous Morphology",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{anderson:91,
  author =       "Anne H. Anderson and Miles Bader and Ellen G. Bard and
                 Elizabeth H. Boyle and Gwyneth M. Doherty and Simon C.
                 Garrod and Stephen D. Isard and Jacqueline C. Kowtko
                 and Jan M. McAllister and Jim Miller and Catherine F.
                 Sotillo and Henry S. Thompson and Regina Weinert",
  title =        "The {HCRC} Map Task Corpus",
  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "351--366",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{AndersonEtal77,
  author =       "J. A. Anderson and J. W. Silverstein and S. A. Ritz
                 and R. S. Jones",
  title =        "Distinctive Features, Categorical Perception, and
                 Probability Learning: Some Applications of a Neural
                 Model",
  volume =       "84",
  pages =        "413--451",
  year =         "1977",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
}

@Book{Andhist85,
  author =       "Stephen R. Anderson",
  title =        "Phonology in the Twentieth Century",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Article{Angluin:83,
  author =       "D. Angluin and C. H. Smith",
  title =        "Inductive Inference: Theory and Methods",
  journal =      "ACM Computing Surveys",
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "237--269",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Book{Ant,
  author =       "Evan L. Antworth",
  title =        "{PC-KIMMO}: {A} Two-level Processor for Morphological
                 Analysis",
  publisher =    "Summer Institute of Linguistics",
  address =      "Dallas, TX",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Book{Appelt,
  author =       "Douglas E. Appelt",
  title =        "Natural Language Generation",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Unpublished{AppIsr97,
  author =       "Douglas E. Appelt and David Israel",
  title =        "{ANLP-97} Tutorial: Building Information Extraction
                 Systems",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  year =         "1997",
  note =         "Available as
                 \verb+www.ai.sri.com/~appelt/ie-tutorial/+",
}

@PhdThesis{Arch,
  author =       "Diana Archangeli",
  title =        "Underspecification in {Yawelmani} Phonology and
                 Morphology",
  school =       "MIT",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InCollection{Arch97,
  author =       "Diana Archangeli",
  editor =       "Diana Archangeli and D. Terence Langendoen",
  booktitle =    "Optimality Theory: An Overview",
  title =        "Optimality Theory: An Introduction to Linguistics in
                 the 1990s",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Book{ArchLang,
  editor =       "Diana Archangeli and D. Terence Langendoen",
  title =        "Optimality Theory: An Overview",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1997",
}

@TechReport{Arens,
  author =       "Robert Wilensky and Yigal Arens",
  title =        "{PHRAN} -- {A} Knowledge-based Approach to Natural
                 Language Analysis",
  number =       "UCB/ERL M80/34",
  institution =  "University of California at Berkeley, Electronics
                 Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{ArgamonDaKr98,
  author =       "Shlomo Argamon and Ido Dagan and Yuval Krymolowski",
  booktitle =    ACL98,
  title =        "A Memory-Based Approach to Learning Shallow Natural
                 Language Patterns",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "67--73",
  year =         "1998",
}

@article{arnborg-siam87,
 author="Stefen Arnborg and Derek G. Corneil and Andrzej Proskurowski",
 title="Complexity of Finding Embeddings in a $k$-Tree",
 journal="SIAM Journal of Algebraic and Discrete Methods",
 volume=8,
 issue=2,
 month="April",
 year=1987,
 pages="277--284", 
 notes="reduction from minimum cut linear arrangement (garey and johnson)",
 url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0608024"
}

@article{arnold00,
 author="Arnold, J. E. and Wasow, T. and Losongco, T. and Ginstrom, R.",
 year=2000,
 title="Heaviness vs. Newness: the effects of structural complexity and discourse status on constituent ordering",
 journal="Language",
 volume=76,
 issue=1, 
 pages="28--55",
}

@Book{Aronoff,
  author =       "Mark Aronoff",
  title =        "Word-Formation in Generative Grammar",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1976",
  series =       "Linguistic Inquiry Monograph no. 1",
}

@Book{Aronoff76,
  author =       "Mark Aronoff",
  title =        "Word Formation in Generative Grammar",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InCollection{ARPAbet,
  author =       "June E. Shoup",
  editor =       "Wayne A. Lea",
  booktitle =    "Trends in Speech Recognition",
  title =        "Phonological Aspects of Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "Prentice-Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  pages =        "125--138",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{ArslanHansen97,
  author =       "Levent M. Arslan and John H. L. Hansen",
  title =        "A study of temporal features and frequency
                 characteristics in {A}merican {E}nglish foreign
                 accent",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "1",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{ASA92,
  author =       "G. N. Tajchman and N. Intrator",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "91",
  number =       "4, Pt. 2",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1992",
  title =        "Feature Extraction from a Cochlear Model
                 Representation: {A} Novel Supervised/Unsupervised
                 Neural Network Hybrid for Speech Recognition",
}

@InProceedings{Asanovic90,
  author =       "Krste Asanovi\'c and Brian E. D. Kingsbury and Nelson
                 Morgan and John Wawrzynek",
  booktitle =    "IFIP Workshop on Silicon Architectures for Neural
                 Nets",
  title =        "{HiPNeT-1: A Highly Pipelined Architecture for Neural
                 Network Training}",
  address =      "St Paul de Vence, France",
  pages =        "217--232",
  month =        November,
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Asanovic91a,
  author =       "Krste Asanovi\'c and Nelson Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings 2nd International Conference on
                 Microelectronics for Neural Networks",
  title =        "{Experimental Determination of Precision Requirements
                 for Back-Propagation Training of Artificial Neural
                 Networks}",
  address =      "Munich",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1991",
}

@TechReport{Asanovic91b,
  author =       "K. Asanovi\'c and N. Morgan",
  title =        "{Experimental Determination of Precision Requirements
                 for Back-Propagation Training of Artificial Neural
                 Networks}",
  number =       "TR-91-036",
  institution =  icsi,
  year =         "1991",
}

@TechReport{Asanovic91c,
  author =       "K. Asanovi\'c and J. Beck and B. E. D. Kingsbury and
                 P. Kohn and N. Morgan and J. Wawrzynek",
  title =        "{SPERT: A VLIW/SIMD Microprocessor for Artificial
                 Neural Network Computations}",
  number =       "TR-91-072",
  institution =  icsi,
  year =         "1991",
}

@TechReport{Asanovic91d,
  author =       "Krste Asanovi\'c and Brian E. D. Kingsbury and Nelson
                 Morgan and John Wawrzynek",
  title =        "{HiPNeT-1: A Highly Pipelined Architecture for Neural
                 Network Training}",
  number =       "TR-91-035",
  institution =  icsi,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Asanovic92a,
  author =       "K. Asanovi\'c and J. Beck and B. E. D. Kingsbury and
                 P. Kohn and N. Morgan and J. Wawrzynek",
  booktitle =    "Proc. Application Specific Array Processor
                 Conference",
  title =        "{SPERT: A VLIW/SIMD Microprocessor for Artificial
                 Neural Network Computations}",
  address =      "Berkeley, USA",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Asanovic92b,
  author =       "K. Asanovi\'c and J. Beck and B. E. D. Kingsbury and
                 P. Kohn and N. Morgan and J. Wawrzynek",
  booktitle =    "Proc. IJCNN",
  title =        "{SPERT: A VLIW/SIMD Neuro-Microprocessor}",
  address =      "Baltimore, USA",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{AssmannEtal82,
  author =       "P. Assmann and T. Nearey and J. Hogan",
  title =        "Vowel Identification: Orthographic, Perceptual and
                 Acoustic Aspects",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "81",
  pages =        "520--534",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Atal1976,
  author =       "B. S. Atal and L. R. Rabiner",
  title =        "A Pattern Recognition Approach to
                 Voiced-Unvoiced-Silence Classification with
                 Applications to Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "201--212",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
}

@Article{atal71,
  author =       "B. S. Atal and Suzanne Hanauer",
  title =        "Speech analysis and synthesis by prediction of the
                 speech wave",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "637--655",
  year =         "1971",
}

@InProceedings{ATIS,
  author =       "Charles T. Hemphill and John Godfrey and George R.
                 Doddington",
  booktitle =    DARPA90,
  title =        "The {ATIS} spoken language systems pilot corpus",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Hidden Valley, PA",
  pages =        "96--101",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Book{AtkDrew79,
  author =       "M. Atkinson and P. Drew",
  title =        "Order in Court",
  publisher =    "Macmillan",
  address =      "London",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Book{Attneave,
  author =       "Fred Attneave",
  title =        "Applications of Information Theory to Psychology",
  publisher =    "Holt, Rinehart and Winston",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1959",
}

@InProceedings{AusSch91,
  author =       "Steve Austin and Richard Schwartz and Paul Placeway",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "The Forward-Backward Search Algorithm",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "697--700",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{Austin,
  author =       "J. L. Austin",
  title =        "How to Do Things with Words",
  publisher =    "Harvard University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1962",
}

@InCollection{Ayers:94,
  author =       "Gayle M. Ayers",
  booktitle =    "Working Papers in Linguistics No.~44",
  title =        "Discourse functions of pitch range in spontaneous and
                 read speech",
  publisher =    "Ohio State University",
  pages =        "1--49",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{BaaSpr96,
  author =       "Harald Baayen and Richard Sproat",
  title =        "Estimating Lexical Priors for Low-Frequency
                 Morphologically Ambiguous Forms",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "155--166",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{BabGib99,
  author =       "Maria Babyonyshev and Edward Gibson",
  title =        "The complexity of nested structures in {J}apanese",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "423--450",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Book{Bac20,
  author =       "Francis Bacon",
  title =        "Novum Organum",
  year =         "1620",
  note =         "Annotated edition edited by Thomas Fowler published by
                 Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1889.",
}

@InCollection{Bac81,
  author =       "John W. Backus",
  editor =       "Richard L. Wexelblat",
  booktitle =    "History of Programming Languages",
  title =        "Transcript of Question and Answer Session",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "162",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Bach76,
  author =       "Emmon Bach",
  booktitle =    "Problems of Linguistic Metatheory (Proceedings of the
                 1976 Conference)",
  title =        "An Extension of Classical Transformational Grammar",
  publisher =    "Michigan State University",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InCollection{Bach88,
  author =       "Emmon Bach",
  editor =       "Richard T. Oehrle and Emmon Bach and Deirdre Wheeler",
  booktitle =    "Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures",
  title =        "Categorial Grammars as Theories of Language",
  publisher =    "D. Reidel",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "17--34",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Backus59,
  author =       "J. W. Backus",
  booktitle =    "Information Processing: {P}roceedings of the
                 International Conference on Information Processing,
                 Paris",
  title =        "The syntax and semantics of the proposed international
                 algebraic language of the {Z}urch {ACM-GAMM}
                 {C}onference",
  publisher =    "UNESCO",
  pages =        "125--132",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1959",
}

@Article{Bagley00,
  author =       "William Chandler Bagley",
  title =        "The Apperception of the Spoken Sentence: {A} Study in
                 the Psychology of Language",
  journal =      "The American Journal of Psychology",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "80--130",
  year =         "1900--1901",
  note =         "$\dag$",
}

@InProceedings{Bah92,
  author =       "L. R. Bahl and P. V. de Souza and P. S. Gopalakrishnan
                 and D. Nahamoo and M. A. Picheny",
  booktitle =    icassp92,
  title =        "A Fast Match for Continuous Speech Recognition Using
                 Allophonic Models",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "San Francisco, CA",
  pages =        "I.17--20",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{BahJelMer83,
  author =       "Lalit R. Bahl and Frederick Jelinek and Robert L.
                 Mercer",
  title =        "A Maximum Likelihood Approach to Continuous Speech
                 Recognition",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                 Intelligence",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "179--190",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{Bahl1991,
  author =       "L. R. Bahl and J. R. Bellegarda and P. V. de Souza and
                 P. S. Gopalakrishnan and D. Nahamoo and M. A. Picheny",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "A New Class of Fenonic {Markov} Word Models for Large
                 Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Toronto, Canada",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Bahl88,
  author =       "L. R. Bahl and P. F. Brown and P. V. de Souza and R.
                 L. Mercer and M. A. Picheny",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Int'l Conference on Acoustics, Speech
                 and Signal Processing",
  title =        "Acoustic {Markov} Models Used in the {Tangora} Speech
                 Recognition System",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "497--500",
  year =         "1988",
  annotate =     "This paper describes an automatic technique for
                 constructing word models for a large vocabulary
                 isolated word speech recognition system. The authors
                 point out the problem of using word-based models in
                 large vocabulary recognition systems. Namely, the
                 number of Markov parameters and the amount of training
                 data grow linearly with the size of the vocabulary. One
                 solution is to decompose the words into smaller
                 recognition units. However the performance of systems
                 which use sub-word models is not as good as those
                 systems using word models. One explanation for this
                 degradation in performance is that the word-based
                 models can model words at a finer level of detail.",
}

@Article{Bahl:83,
  author =       "Lalit R. Bahl and Frederick Jelinek and Robert L.
                 Mercer",
  title =        "A Maximum Likelihood Approach to Continuous Speech
                 Recognition",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "179--190",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{BahlEtal88,
  author =       "L. R. Bahl and P. F. Brown and P. V. De Souza and R.
                 L. Mercer",
  booktitle =    icassp88,
  title =        "Acoustic {Markov} Models Used in the {Tangora} Speech
                 Recognition System",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "497--500",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Bailey97,
  author =       "David Bailey and Jerome Feldman and Srini Narayanan
                 and George Lakoff",
  booktitle =    cogsci:97,
  title =        "Modeling Embodied Lexical Development",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  pages =        "19--24",
  year =         "1997",
}

% article{MarkelGray76}

@Article{BakDra,
  author =       "James K. Baker",
  title =        "The {DRAGON} System -- {A}n Overview",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "ASSP-23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "24--29",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
}

@InCollection{Baker75,
  author =       "James K. Baker",
  editor =       "Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee",
  booktitle =    "Readings in Speech Recognition",
  title =        "Stochastic Modeling for Automatic Speech
                 Understanding",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos",
  pages =        "297--307",
  year =         "1975/1990",
  note =         "Originally appeared in {\em Speech Recognition},
                 Academic Press, 1975",
}

@InProceedings{Baker79,
  author =       "J. K. Baker",
  editor =       "D. H. Klatt and J. J. Wolf",
  booktitle =    "Speech Communication Papers for the 97th Meeting of
                 the Acoustical Society of America",
  title =        "Trainable grammars for speech recognition",
  pages =        "547--550",
  year =         "1979",
}

@InProceedings{Baker98,
  author =       "Collin F. Baker and Charles J. Fillmore and John B.
                 Lowe",
  booktitle =    COLING98,
  title =        "The {B}erkeley {FrameNet} project",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "86--90",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Bakeretal98,
  author =       "Collin F. Baker and Charles J. Fillmore and John B.
                 Lowe",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of COLING/ACL",
  title =        "The {Berkeley} {FrameNet} Project",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "86--90",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Baker-bls,
  author="Baker, Collin F. and Josef Ruppenhofer",
  title="FrameNet's Frames vs. Levin's Verb Classes",
  booktitle="Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society",
  year=2002,
}

@InProceedings{BaltinerEtAl:97,
  author =       "A. Batliner and A. Kie{\ss}ling and R. Kompe and H.
                 Niemann and E. N{\"o}th",
  editor =       "Antonis Botinis and Georgios Kouroupetroglou and
                 George Carayannis",
  booktitle =    "{ESCA} Workshop on {Intonation: Theory Models and Application}",
  title =        "Can we tell apart intonation from prosody (if we look
                 at accents and boundaries)?",
  address =      "Athens",
  pages =        "39--42",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{BanJos99,
  author =       "Srinivas Bangalore and Aravind K. Joshi",
  title =        "Supertagging: {A}n Approach to Almost Parsing",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "237--265",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{Bannard-acl05,
 author="Colin Bannard and Chris Callison-Burch",
 title="Paraphrasing with Bilingual Parallel Corpora",
 booktitle=ACL05,
 year=2005
}

@Book{BarBerRis87,
  author =       "G. Edward {Barton, Jr.} and Robert C. Berwick and Eric
                 Sven Ristad",
  title =        "Computational Complexity and Natural Language",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InCollection{Bard90,
  author =       "Ellen Gurman Bard",
  editor =       "Gerry T. M. Altmann",
  booktitle =    "Cognitive Models of Speech Processing",
  title =        "Competition, Lateral Inhibition, and Frequency",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "185--210",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Bard95,
  author =       "E. Bard and C. Sotillo and A. Anderson and M. Taylor",
  booktitle =    "Proc. ESCA-NATO Tutorial and Workshop on Speech under
                 Stress",
  title =        "The {DCIEM} map task corpus: {S}pontaneous dialogues
                 under sleep deprivation and drug",
  address =      "Lisbon",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Conference{bard:95,
  author =       "Ellen G. Bard and Catherine Sotillo and Anne H.
                 Anderson and M. M. Taylor",
  booktitle =    "Proc. of the ESCA-NATO Tutorial and Workshop on Speech
                 under Stress, Lisbon",
  title =        "The {DCIEM} Map Task Corpus: Spontaneous Dialogues
                 under Sleep Deprivation and Drug Treatment",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{BardEtAl:95,
  author =       "Ellen G. Bard and Catherine Sotillo and Anne H.
                 Anderson and M. M. Taylor",
  editor =       "Isabel Trancoso and Roger Moore",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {ESCA-NATO} Tutorial and Workshop
                 on Speech under Stress",
  title =        "The {DCIEM} {Map Task} corpus: Spontaneous dialogues
                 under sleep deprivation and drug treatment",
  address =      "Lisbon",
  pages =        "25--28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{BarHillel53,
  author =       "Yehoshua Bar-Hillel",
  title =        "A Quasi-Arithmetical Notation for Syntactic
                 Description",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "47--58",
  year =         "1953",
  note =         "Reprinted in Y. Bar-Hillel. (1964). {\em Language and
                 Information: Selected Essays on their Theory and
                 Application}, Addison-Wesley 1964, 61--74",
}

@Article{BarHillel61,
  author =       "Yehoshua Bar-Hillel and M. Perles and E. Shamir",
  title =        "On Formal Properties of Simple Phrase Structure
                 Grammars",
  journal =      "Zeitschrift {f\" ur} Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und
                 Kommunikationsforschung",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "143--172",
  year =         "1961",
  note =         "Reprinted in Y. Bar-Hillel. (1964). {\em Language and
                 Information: Selected Essays on their Theory and
                 Application}, Addison-Wesley 1964, 116--150",
}

@Article{Barnard1991,
  author =       "E. Barnard and R. A. Cole and M. P. Vea and F. A.
                 Alleva",
  title =        "Pitch Detection with a Neural-Net Classifier",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing",
  volume =       "39",
  pages =        "298--307",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
  annotate =     "In this paper the authors describe how a neural
                 network may be used to detect the the onsets of pitch
                 periods in low pass filtered waveforms. Two sets of
                 input features were analyzed. Both sets of features
                 used time domain information. The first feature set was
                 based on the amplitude of waveform samples. This set
                 achieved a performance of 97.5% on a speaker
                 independent task. The second feature set was based on
                 peak information in the waveform. Peak amplitudes, time
                 differences between peaks, correlations between peaks
                 and negative amplitudes were used. This set of features
                 achieved a performance of 98% on a speaker independent
                 task.",
}

@InProceedings{Barnard-cvpr03,
   Author = {Barnard, Kobus and Duygulu, Pinar and Raghavendra, K. G. and Gabbur, 
Prasad and Forsyth, David},
   Title = {The effects of segmentation and feature choice in a translation model of object 
recognition},
   BookTitle = {IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
   Location= {Madison, WI},
   Pages = {II:675-682},
   URL = {http://kobus.ca/research/publications/CVPR-03/CVPR-03.pdf},
 Year = {2003} }



@Book{Barnstone,
  author =       "Willis Barnstone",
  title =        "The Poetics of Translation",
  publisher =    "Yale University Press",
  year =         "1993",
}

@article{Barton85,
  author="Barton, Jr., G. Edward",
  year="1985",
  title="On the Complexity of {ID/LP} Parsing",
  journal="Computational Linguistics", 
  volume="11",
  number="4",
  pages="205--218",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J85/J85-4001.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{barzilay99,
  author =       "K. McKeown R. Barzilay and M. Elhadad",
  booktitle =    "Proc. of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Assoc. of
                 Computational Linguistics",
  title =        "Information Fusion in the Context of Multi-Document
                 Summarization",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{Barzilay-naacl03,
 title="Learning to Paraphrase: An Unsupervised Approach Using Multiple-Sequence Alignment", 
 author="Regina Barzilay and Lillian Lee", 
 booktitle=NAACL03,
 pages="16--23",
 year=2003,
}

@Article{Bat97,
  author =       "Robin Bates",
  title =        "The Corrections Officer: {C}an {J}ohn {K}idd save
                 {U}lysses",
  journal =      "Lingua Franca",
  year =         "1997",
  note =         "October",
}

@InCollection{BatesDev89,
  author =       "Elizabeth Bates and Antonella Devescovi",
  editor =       "Brian MacWhinney and Elizabeth Bates",
  booktitle =    "The Crosslinguistic Study of Sentence Processing",
  title =        "Crosslinguistic Studies of Sentence Production",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "225--256",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Batliner:93,
  author =       "A. Batliner and C. Weiand and A. Kie{\ss}ling and E.
                 N{\"o}th",
  booktitle =    "Working Papers 41, Proc. ESCA Workshop on Prosody",
  title =        "Why sentence modality in spontaneous speech is more
                 difficult to classify and why this fact is not too bad
                 for prosody",
  address =      "Lund, Sweden",
  pages =        "112--115",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{BatlinerEtAl:93,
  author =       "A. Batliner and C. Weiand and A. Kie{\ss}ling and E.
                 N{\"o}th",
  editor =       "D. House and P. Touati",
  booktitle =    "{ESCA Workshop on Prosody}",
  title =        "Why Sentence Modality in Spontaneous Speech is more
                 difficult to classify and why this Fact is not too bad
                 for Prosody",
  address =      "Lund, Sweden",
  pages =        "112--115",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{BatlinerEtAl:95,
  author =       "A. Batliner and R. Kompe and A. Kie{\ss}ling and E.
                 N{\"o}th and H. Niemann",
  editor =       "Rubio-Ayuso and Lopez-Soler",
  booktitle =    "Speech Recognition and Coding---New Advances and
                 Trends",
  title =        "Can You Tell Apart Spontaneous and Read Speech if You
                 just Look at Prosody?",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  pages =        "101--104",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InCollection{BatMac89,
  author =       "Elizabeth Bates and Brian MacWhinney",
  editor =       "Brian MacWhinney and Elizabeth Bates",
  booktitle =    "The Crosslinguistic Study of Sentence Processing",
  title =        "Functionalism and the Competition Model",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "3--76",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{BauEag67,
  author =       "Leonard E. Baum and J. A. Eagon",
  title =        "An inequality with applications to statistical
                 estimation for probabilistic functions of {M}arkov
                 processes and to a model for ecology",
  journal =      "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society",
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "360--363",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1967",
}

@Book{Bauer83,
  author =       "Laurie Bauer",
  title =        "{E}nglish word-formation",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{baum72,
  author =       "Leonard E. Baum",
  editor =       "Oved Shisha",
  booktitle =    "Inequalities {III}: {P}roceedings of the Third
                 Symposium on Inequalities",
  title =        "An Inequality and Associated Maximization Technique in
                 Statistical Estimation for Probabilistic Functions of
                 {M}arkov Processes",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "University of California, Los Angeles",
  pages =        "1--8",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Article{BauPet66,
  author =       "Leonard E. Baum and Ted Petrie",
  title =        "Statistical Inference for Probabilistic Functions of
                 Finite-state {M}arkov Chains",
  journal =      "Annals of Mathematical Statistics",
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1554--1563",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
}

@Book{Bayes1763,
  author =       "Thomas Bayes",
  title =        "An Essay Toward Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of
                 Chances",
  journal =      "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society",
  volume =       "53",
  year =         "1763",
  note =         "Reprinted in {\em Facsimiles of two papers by Bayes},
                 Hafner Publishing Company, New York, 1963",
}

@InCollection{Bazell,
  author =       "C. E. Bazell",
  editor =       "Eric P. Hamp and Fred W. Householder and Robert
                 Austerlitz",
  booktitle =    "Studies by Members of the {E}nglish Department,
                 {I}stanbul {U}niversity (3), reprinted in {R}eadings in
                 Linguistics {II} (1966)",
  title =        "The Correspondence Fallacy in Structural Linguistics",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "271--298",
  year =         "1952/1966",
}

@Book{bcg,
  editor =       "Don Pitcher",
  title =        "Berkeley City Guide",
  publisher =    "Heyday Books",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{BCM82,
  author =       "E. L. Bienenstock and L. N. Cooper and P. W. Munro",
  title =        "Theory for the Development of Neuron Selectivity:
                 Orientation Specificity and Binocular Interaction in
                 Visual Cortex",
  journal =      "Journal of Neuroscience",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "32--48",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Becker1980,
  author =       "Curtis A. Becker",
  title =        "Semantic context effects in visual word recognition:
                 {A}n analysis of semantic strategies",
  journal =      "Memory \& Cognition",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "493--512",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{Becker75,
  author =       "Joseph Becker",
  editor =       "Roger C. Schank and Bonnie L. Nash-Webber",
  booktitle =    TINLAP1,
  title =        "The Phrasal Lexicon",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "60--63",
  month =        june,
  year =         "1975",
}

@Article{beckpierre,
  author =       "Mary E. Beckman and Janet Pierrehumbert",
  title =        "Intonational structure in {E}nglish and {J}apanese",
  journal =      "Phonology Yearbook",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "255--310",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Unpublished{BEEP0.1,
  author =       "Anthony Robinson",
  title =        "{The {B}ritish {E}nglish Example Pronunciation
                 Dictionary, v0.1}",
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "Cambridge University",
}

@InProceedings{Beesley96,
  author =       "Kenneth R. Beesley",
  booktitle =    COLING96,
  title =        "Arabic Finite-State Morphological Analysis and
                 Generation",
  address =      "Copenhagen",
  pages =        "89--94",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Bel99,
  author =       "Jerome R. Bellegarda",
  booktitle =    icassp99,
  title =        "Speech Recognition Experiments Using Multi-Span
                 Statistical Language Models",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "717--720",
  year =         "1999",
}

@article{Bell03,
  author =       "Alan Bell and Daniel Jurafsky and Eric Fosler-Lussier
                 and Cynthia Girand and Michelle Gregory and Daniel
                 Gildea",
  title =        "Effects of disfluencies, predictability, and utterance
position on word form variation in {English} conversation",
  journal = jasa,
  url = "http://www.colorado.edu/ling/jurafsky/jasa02.pdf",
  pages =         "1001--1024",
  volume = 113,
  number = 2,
  year = 2003
}

@InProceedings{Bellegarda,
  author =       "J. R. Bellegarda and J. W. Butzberger and Chow Y. and
                 N. B. Coccaro and D. Naik",
  booktitle =    icassp96,
  title =        "A Novel Word Clustering Algorithm Based on Latent
                 Semantic Analysis",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Atlanta, GA",
  pages =        "172--175",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Bellegarda2,
  author =       "J. R. Bellegarda and J. W. Butzberger and Chow Y. and
                 N. B. Coccaro and D. Naik",
  editor =       "G. Ramponi and G. L. Sicuranza and S. Carrato and S.
                 Marsi",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings for EUSIPCO-96 Signal Processing VIII,
                 Theories and Applications",
  title =        "Automatic Discovery of Word Classes Through Latent
                 Semantic Analysis",
  year =         "1996",
  publishers =   "Edizioni Lint Trieste",
}

@InProceedings{Bellegarda97,
  author =       "Jerome Bellegarda",
  booktitle =    "Eurospeech-97",
  title =        "A Latent Semantic Analysis Framework for Large-span
                 Language Modeling",
  address =      "Rhodes, Greece",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1997",
}

@article{bellegarda2000exploiting,
  title={{Exploiting latent semantic information in statistical language modeling}},
  author={Bellegarda, J.R.},
  journal={Proceedings of the IEEE},
  volume={88},
  number={8},
  pages={1279--1296},
  year={2000}
}

@Unpublished{BellGirand00,
  author =       "Alan Bell and Cynthia Girand",
  title =        "When a word is repeated---duration and reduction
                 effects",
  year =         "2000",
  note =         "Poster presented at the Seventh Conference on
                 Laboratory Phonology, Nijmegen, Netherlands",
}

@InProceedings{Bellicphs,
  author =       "Alan Bell and Daniel Jurafsky and Eric Fosler-Lussier
                 and Cynthia Girand and Daniel Gildea",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic
                 Sciences (ICPhS-99)",
  title =        "Forms of {E}nglish function words -- {E}ffects of
                 disfluencies, turn position, age and sex, and
                 predictability",
  pages =        "395--398",
  address =      "San Francisco, California", 
  year =         "1999",
  url = 	 "http://www.colorado.edu/linguistics/jurafsky/icphs99.ps",
}

@Book{Bellman57,
  author =       "Richard Bellman",
  title =        "Dynamic Programming",
  publisher =    "Princeton University Press",
  address =      "Princeton, NJ",
  year =         "1957",
}

@InProceedings{BennacefEtAl:95,
  author =       "S. K. Bennacef and F. N{\'e}el and H. B. Maynard",
  editor =       "Paul Dalsgaard and Lars Bo Larsen and Louis Boves and
                 Ib Thomsen",
  booktitle =    "ESCA Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems---Theories
                 and Applications",
  title =        "An Oral Dialogue Model based on Speech Acts
                 Categorization",
  address =      "Vigs\o, Denmark",
  pages =        "237--240",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Berg-nips04,
 title="Who's in the Picture?",
 author="Tamara L. Berg and Alexander C. Berg and Jaety Edwards and David A. Forsyth",
 booktitle="Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)",
 year= 2004,
 url="http://www.tamaraberg.com/papers/berg_tnips.pdf",
}

@InCollection{Ber91,
  author =       "Robert C. Berwick",
  editor =       "Robert C. Berwick and Steven P. Abney and Carol
                 Tenny",
  booktitle =    "Principle-Based Parsing: Computation and
                 Psycholinguistics",
  title =        "Principles of Principle-Based Parsing",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "1--38",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Bergeron05,
    author = "Anne Bergeron and Cedric Chauve and Fabien de Montgolfier and Mathieu Raffinot",
    title = "Computing commons interval of K permutations, with applications to modular decomposition of graphs",
    booktitle = "ESA'05, 13th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms",
    publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
    notes ="vol. 3669 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
    pages = "779--790",
    year = "2005",
}


@InProceedings{BuiXuan05,
    author = "Binh Minh Bui-Xuan and Michel Habib and Christophe Paul",
    title = "Revisiting {T. Uno} and {M. Yagiura}'s Algorithm",
    booktitle = "The 16th Annual International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC'05)",
    notes ="volume 3827 of LNCS",
    pages = "146--155",
    year = "2005",
    url="http://www.lirmm.fr/~buixuan/files/isaac05_463.pdf",
}

@Article{Landau05,
    author = "Gad M. Landau and Laxmi Parida and Oren Weimann",
    title = "Gene Proximity Analysis Across Whole Genomes via {PQ} Trees",
    journal = "Journal of Computational Biology",
    volume =12,
    number=10,
    pages = "1289--1306",
    year = "2005",
}

@Article{Berger96,
  author="Adam L. Berger and Vincent J. Della Pietra and Stephen A. Della Pietra",
  title="A Maximum Entropy Approach to Natural Language Processing",
  journal="Computational Linguistics",
  year=1996,
  volume=22,
  issue=1,
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J96/J96-1002.pdf",
}



@InProceedings{Ber98,
  author =       "Adam Berger and Harry Printz",
  booktitle =    icslp98,
  title =        "Recognition Performance of a large-scale dependency
                 grammar language model",
  volume =       "6",
  address =      "Sydney",
  pages =        "2487--2490",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{BergerPrintz98,
  author =       "Andrew Berger and Harry Printz",
  booktitle =    "ICSLP-98",
  title =        "Recognition Performance of a Large-scale
                 Dependency-grammar Language Model",
  address =      "Sydney, Australia",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
}

@unpublished{Berger-decoding,
  author="Adam Berger and Peter Brown and Stephen Della Pietra and Vincent Della Pietra
and J. R. Fillett and Andrew Kehler and Robert Mercer",
  year=1996,
  title="Language Translation Apparatus and Method of Using Context-Based Tanslation Models",
  note="United States patent 5,510,981"
}

@unpublished{Brown-decoding,
  author = "Peter F. Brown and John Cocke and Stephen A. {Della Pietra} and Vincent J. {Della Pietra} and Frederick Jelinek and Jennifer C. Lai and Robert L. Mercer and P. Roossin",
  title = "Method and system for natural language translation",
  year = 1995,
  note="United States patent 5,477,451",
}

@Article{Berko58,
  author =       "J. Berko",
  title =        "The child's learning of {E}nglish morphology",
  journal =      "Word",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "150--177",
  year =         "1958",
}

@Article{Berkovits84,
  author =       "R. Berkovits",
  title =        "Duration and fundamental frequency in sentence-final
                 intonation",
  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "291--308",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InProceedings{BernsteinEtal90,
  author =       "J. Bernstein and M. Cohen and H. Murveit and D.
                 Rtischev and M. Weintraub",
  booktitle =    icslp90,
  title =        "Automatic Evaluation and Training in {E}nglish
                 Pronunciation",
  pages =        "1185--1188",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{berp,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Chuck Wooters and Gary Tajchman
                 and Jonathan Segal and Andreas Stolcke and Eric Fosler
                 and Nelson Morgan",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
  title =        "The {B}erkeley Restaurant Project",
  address =      "Yokohama, Japan",
  pages =        "2139--2142",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{berstel,
  author =       "Jean Berstel",
  title =        "Transductions and context-free languages",
  publisher =    "Teubner",
  address =      "Stuttgart",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Article{BerWei83,
  author =       "Robert C. Berwick and Amy S. Weinberg",
  title =        "The Role of Grammars in Models of Language Use",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "1--61",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Book{BerWei84,
  author =       "Robert C. Berwick and Amy S. Weinberg",
  title =        "The Grammatical Basis of Linguistic Performance",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InCollection{Bever,
  author =       "Thomas G. Bever",
  editor =       "John R. Hayes",
  booktitle =    "Cognition and the Development of Language",
  title =        "The Cognitive Basis for Linguistic Structures",
  publisher =    "Wiley",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "279--352",
  year =         "1970",
}

@Article{Biber93,
  author =       "Douglas Biber",
  title =        "Using Register-Diversified Corpora for General
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  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "219--241",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Bird95,
  author =       "Steven Bird",
  title =        "Computational Phonology: {A} constraint-based
                 approach",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{BirdEllison94,
  author =       "Steven Bird and T. Mark Ellison",
  title =        "One-Level Phonology: {A}utosegmental Representations
                 and Rules as Finite Automata",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InCollection{BirSel81,
  author =       "Lawrence Birnbaum and Mallory Selfridge",
  editor =       "Roger C. Schank and Christopher K. Riesbeck",
  booktitle =    "Inside Computer Understanding: {F}ive Programs plus
                 Miniatures",
  title =        "Conceptual Analysis of Natural Language",
  publisher =    "Lawrence Erlbaum",
  address =      "Hillsdale",
  pages =        "318--353",
  year =         "1981",
}

@InProceedings{Blaauw:91,
  author =       "E. Blaauw",
  booktitle =    "ESCA Workshop on Phonetics and Phonology of Speaking
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                 Communication",
  title =        "Phonetic Characteristics of Spontaneous and Read-aloud
                 Speech",
  address =      "Barcelona",
  pages =        "{12--1}-{12--5}",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{Blaauw:95,
  author =       "Eleonora Blaauw",
  title =        "On the Perceptual Classification of Spontaneous and
                 Read Speech",
  publisher =    "LEd",
  address =      "Utrecht, The Netherlands",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Doctoral dissertation",
}

@InProceedings{Black91,
  author =       "E. Black and S. P. Abney and D. Flickinger and C.
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                 Santorini and T. Strzalkowski",
  booktitle =    DARPA91,
  title =        "A Procedure for Quantitatively Comparing the Syntactic
                 Coverage of {E}nglish Grammars",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Pacific Grove, CA",
  pages =        "306--311",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Black92,
  author =       "Ezra Black and Frederick Jelinek and John D. Lafferty
                 and David M. Magerman and Robert L. Mercer and Salim
                 Roukos",
  booktitle =    DARPA92,
  title =        "Towards History-based Grammars: {U}sing Richer Models
                 for Probabilistic Parsing",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Harriman, New York",
  pages =        "134--139",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{Black:97,
  author =       "Alan W. Black",
  editor =       "Yoshinori Sagisaka and Nick Campbell and Norio
                 Higuchi",
  booktitle =    "Computing Prosody: Computational Models for Processing
                 Spontaneous Speech",
  title =        "Predicting the Intonation of Discourse Segments from
                 Examples in Dialogue Speech",
  chapter =      "9",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "117--128",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Blaheta00,
  author =       "Don Blaheta and Eugene Charniak",
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  title =        "Assigning Function Tags to Parsed Text",
  address =      "Seattle, Washington",
  pages = "234--240",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Article{Blair,
  author =       "Charles R. Blair",
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  volume =       "3",
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  year =         "1960",
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@Article{Blankenship64,
  author =       "J. Blankenship and C. Kay",
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  journal =      "Word",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "360--372",
  year =         "1964",
}

@InCollection{Bledsoe,
  author =       "W. W. Bledsoe and I. Browning",
  booktitle =    "1959 Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer
                 Conference",
  title =        "Pattern Recognition and Reading by Machine",
  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "225--232",
  year =         "1959",
}

@Book{Blo14,
  author =       "Leonard Bloomfield",
  title =        "An Introduction to the Study of Language",
  publisher =    "Henry Holt and Company",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1914",
}

@Article{Block48,
  author =       "B. Block",
  title =        "A Set of Postulates for Phonemic Analysis",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "3--46",
  year =         "1948",
}

@Book{Bloo,
  author =       "Leonard Bloomfield",
  title =        "Language",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1933",
}

@Book{Bloomfield,
  author =       "Leonard Bloomfield",
  title =        "Language",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1933",
}

@InProceedings{blum-colt98,
  author="Avrim Blum and Tom Mitchell",
  title="Combining Labeled and Unlabeld Data with Co-Training",
  booktitle="Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory",
  pages="92--100",
  address="Madison, WI",
  year=1998
}

@Article{BlumsteinStevens81,
  author =       "S. E. Blumstein and K. N. Stevens",
  title =        "Phonetic Features and Acoustic Invariance in Speech",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "25--32",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Manual{bn,
  author =       "LDC",
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  address =      "University of Pennsylvania",
  year =         "1998",
  note =         "\verb+www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/+ \verb+LDC98S71.html+
                 or \verb+www.ldc.+ \verb+upenn.edu/Catalog/+
                 \verb+Hub4.html+",
}

@Book{Boas,
  author =       "Hans Ulrich Boas",
  title =        "Syntactic Generalizations and Linear Order in
                 Generative Transformational Grammar",
  publisher =    "Verlag Gunter Narr",
  address =      "{T\" ubingen}",
  year =         "1975",
}

@InProceedings{Bob80,
  author =       "Robert J. Bobrow and Bonnie Webber",
  booktitle =    AAAI80,
  title =        "Knowledge Representation for Syntactic/Semantic
                 Processing",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  pages =        "316--323",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{bob99,
  author =       "Bob Rehder",
  booktitle =    cogsci:99,
  title =        "A causal model theory of categorization",
  address =      "Vancouver, British Columbia",
  pages =        "595--600",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{Bobrow80,
  author =       "Robert J. Bobrow and Bonnie Webber",
  booktitle =    AAAI80,
  title =        "Knowledge Representation for Syntactic/Semantic
                 Processing",
  publisher =    MK,
  pages =        "316--323",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{Bobrowbell,
  author =       "S. Bobrow and S. Bell",
  title =        "On catching on to idiomatic expression",
  journal =      "Memory \& Cognition",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "343--346",
  year =         "1973",
}

@Article{Bock82,
  author =       "J. Kathryn Bock",
  title =        "Toward a cognitive psychology of syntax: {I}nformation
                 processing contributions to sentence formulation",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  volume =       "89",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--47",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Bock86,
  author =       "J. Kathryn Bock",
  title =        "Syntactic persistence in language production",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "355--387",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Article{Bock91,
  author =       "J. Kathryn Bock",
  title =        "A sketchbook of production problems",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "141--160",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{BockLoebell90,
  author =       "Kathryn Bock and Helga Loebell",
  title =        "Framing sentences",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "1--39",
  year =         "1990",
}

@unpublished{Bod00,
author={Rens Bod},
title = "The Storage vs. Computation of Three-Word Sentences", 
note = {Talk presented at AMLaP-2000},
year= "2000b",
}

@unpublished{Bod01,
author={Rens Bod},
title = "Sentence Memory: Storage vs. Computation of Frequent Sentences",
note = {Talk presented at CUNY 2001},
year= "2001",
}

@InProceedings{Bod01a,
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2001)",
  author =       "Rens Bod",
  title =        "What is the minimal set of fragments that achieves
                 maximal parse accuracy?",
  pages =        "366--73",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{Bod93,
  author =       "Rens Bod",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the European
                 Chapter of the ACL",
  title =        "Using an Annotated Corpus as a Stochastic Grammar",
  pages =        "37--44",
  year =         "1993",
}

@PhdThesis{Bod95,
  author =       "Rens Bod",
  title =        "Enriching Linguistics with Statistics: Performance
                 Models of Natural Language",
  school =       "University of Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Bod-eacl95,
 author="Rens Bod",
 title="The Problem of Computing the Most Probable Tree in Data-Oriented Parsing and Stochastic Tree Grammars",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the European Chapter of the ACL",
 year=1995,
 url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/E/E95/E95-1015.pdf"
}

@article{bodlaender-alg95,
 author = {Bodlaender, Hans L. and Gilbert, John R. and Hafsteinsson, Hj\'{a}lmt\'{y}r and Kloks, Ton},
 title = {Approximating treewidth, pathwidth, frontsize, and shortest elimination tree},
 journal = {J. Algorithms},
 volume = {18},
 number = {2},
 year = {1995},
 issn = {0196-6774},
 pages = {238--255},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jagm.1995.1009},
 publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.},
 address = {Duluth, MN, USA},
 annotate="log(n) approx alg for treewidth, later improved by Amir 2001"
}

@InProceedings{ bodlaender93treewidth,
    author = "Hans L. Bodlaender and Ton Kloks and Dieter Kratsch",
    title = "Treewidth and Pathwidth of Permutation Graphs",
    booktitle = "Automata, Languages and Programming",
    pages = "114-125",
    year = "1993",
    url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/bodlaender92treewidth.html",
    annotate="a permutation graph is derived from a permutation by connecting two vertices if they are inverted by the permutation" }


@article{BodlaenderK96,
 author = {Hans L. Bodlaender and Ton Kloks},
 title = {Efficient and Constructive Algorithms for the Pathwidth and Treewidth of Graphs},
 journal = "Journal of Algorithms", volume = 21, year = 1996, pages = {358--402}}


@TECHREPORT{UUCS199502,
 author = {H. L. Bodlaender and D. M. Thilikos},
 year = 1995,
 title = {Treewidth and small separators for graphs with small chordality},
 number = {UU-CS-1995-02},
 institution = {Institute of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University},
 urlpdf = {{http://archive.cs.uu.nl/pub/RUU/CS/techreps/CS-1995/1995-02.pdf}},
 annotate="treewidth is NP-complete for bounded degree 9"
}

@article{bodlaendler-97,
 author = {H. L. Bodlaender and D. M. Thilikos},
 year = 1997,
 title = {Treewidth for graphs with small chordality},
 journal="Discrete Applied Mathematics",
 volume=79,
 pages="45--61",
 annotate="treewidth is NP-complete for bounded degree 9"
}
 
@article{bodlaender-96,
 author = {H. L. Bodlaender},
 title = {A Linear Time Algorithm for Finding Tree Decompositions of Small Treewidth},
 journal="SIAM Journal on Computing",
 volume=25,
 issue=6,
 pages="1305--1317",
 year=1996,
 annotate="treewidth is linear for fixed k"
}

@InCollection{Bol79,
  author =       "Dwight Bolinger",
  editor =       "George G. Haydu",
  booktitle =    "Experience Forms: Their Cultural and Individual Place
                 and Function",
  title =        "Meaning and Memory",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  pages =        "95--111",
  year =         "1979",
}

@PhdThesis{Boland-thesis,
  author =       "Julie E. Boland",
  title =        "The Use of Lexical Knowledge in Sentence Processing",
  school =       "University of Rochester",
  address =      "Rochester",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{Bolinger71,
  author =       "Dwight Bolinger",
  title =        "The Phrasal Verb in {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Harvard University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1971",
}

@Misc{Bolinger81,
  author =       "Dwight Bolinger",
  title =        "Two Kinds of Vowels, Two Kinds of Rhythm",
  howpublished = "Indiana University Linguistics Club",
  address =      "Bloomington, IN",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Book{Bolinger86,
  author =       "Dwight Bolinger",
  title =        "Intonation and its parts: {M}elody in spoken
                 {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Stanford University Press",
  address =      "Stanford",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InCollection{BolTan91,
  author =       "Julie E. Boland and Michael K. Tanenhaus",
  editor =       "G. B. Simpson",
  booktitle =    "Understanding Word and Sentence",
  title =        "The Role of Lexical Representations in Sentence
                 Processing",
  publisher =    "Elsevier Science",
  pages =        "331--366",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{BolTanCarGar89,
  author =       "Julie E. Boland and Michael K. Tanenhaus and Greg
                 Carlson and Susan M. Garnsey",
  title =        "Lexical Projection and the Interaction of Syntax and
                 Semantics in Parsing",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "563--576",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{BolTanGar90,
  author =       "Julie E. Boland and Michael K. Tanenhaus and Susan M.
                 Garnsey",
  title =        "Evidence for the Immediate Use of Verb Control
                 Information in Sentence Processing",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "413--432",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Booth69,
  author =       "Taylor L. Booth",
  booktitle =    "IEEE Conference Record of the 1969 Tenth Annual
                 Symposium on Switching and Automata Theory",
  title =        "Probabilistic representation of formal languages",
  pages =        "74--81",
  year =         "1969",
}

@Article{BoothThompson73,
  author =       "Taylor L. Booth and Richard A. Thompson",
  title =        "Applying Probability Measures to Abstract Languages",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  volume =       "C-22",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "442--450",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1973",
}

@Book{BouMor94,
  author =       "Herv{\'{e}} Bourlard and Nelson Morgan",
  title =        "Connectionist Speech Recognition: {A} Hybrid
                 Approach",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Press",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Bourlard-garbage,
  author =       "J. Boite and H. Bourlard and B. D'hoore and M.
                 Haesen",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of Eurospeech 93",
  title =        "A New Approach Towards Keyword Spotting",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Bourlard89,
  author =       "H. Bourlard and C. J. Wellekens",
  title =        "Speech Pattern Discrimination and Multilayer
                 Perceptrons",
  journal =      "Computer, Speech, and Language",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "1--19",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Bourlard91a,
  author =       "H. Bourlard and N. Morgan",
  editor =       "E. Gelenbe",
  booktitle =    "Artificial Neural Networks: Advances and
                 Applications",
  title =        "Merging Multilayer Perceptrons \& {Hidden Markov
                 Models}: Some Experiments in Continuous Speech
                 Recognition",
  publisher =    "North Holland Press",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{Bourlard91b,
  author =       "H. Bourlard and N. Morgan and C. Wooters",
  editor =       "D. S. Touretzky and R. Lippman",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems",
  title =        "Connectionist Approaches to the Use of {Markov} Models
                 for Speech Recognition",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Bourlard92,
  author =       "Herve Bourlard and Nelson Morgan and Chuck Wooters and
                 Steve Renals",
  booktitle =    icassp92,
  title =        "{CDNN}: {A} Context Dependent Neural Network for
                 Continuous Speech Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "San Francisco, California",
  pages =        "II.349--352",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Bourlard96,
  author =       "Herv{\' e} Bourlard and Hynek Hermansky and Nelson
                 Morgan",
  title =        "Towards increasing speech recognition error rates",
  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "205--231",
  year =         "1996",
}

%BP86

%BP86
@InCollection{BP86,
  author =       "D. E. Rumelhart and G. E. Hinton and R. J. Williams",
  editor =       "D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland",
  booktitle =    "Parallel Distributed Processing",
  title =        "Learning Internal Representations by Error
                 Propagation",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  pages =        "318--362",
  year =         "1986",
}

@inproceedings{Branavan-acl11,
  author    = {S. R. K. Branavan and
               David Silver and
               Regina Barzilay},
  title     = {Learning to Win by Reading Manuals in a Monte-Carlo Framework},
  booktitle = {ACL},
  year      = {2011},
  pages     = {268-277},
  ee        = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1028},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@inproceedings{Branavan-acl10,
  author    = {S. R. K. Branavan and
               Luke S. Zettlemoyer and
               Regina Barzilay},
  title     = {Reading between the Lines: Learning to Map High-Level Instructions
               to Commands},
  booktitle = {ACL},
  year      = {2010},
  pages     = {1268-1277},
  ee        = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1129},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@inproceedings{Branavan-acl09,
  author    = {S. R. K. Branavan and
               Harr Chen and
               Luke S. Zettlemoyer and
               Regina Barzilay},
  title     = {Reinforcement Learning for Mapping Instructions to Actions},
  booktitle = {ACL/AFNLP},
  year      = {2009},
  pages     = {82-90},
  ee        = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P09-1010},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@Article{Bre93,
  author =       "Michael R. Brent",
  title =        "From Grammar to Lexicon: {U}nsupervised Learning of
                 Lexical Syntax",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "243--262",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{Bregler:berplips,
  author =       "Chris Bregler and Stephen Omohundro and Yochai Konig
                 and Nelson Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Proc. 28th Annual Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems,
                 and Computers",
  title =        "Using Surface-Learning to improve Speech Recognition
                 with Lipreading{"}",
  address =      "Pacific Grove, CA",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Bregler:eigenlips,
  author =       "Chris Bregler and Yochai Konig",
  booktitle =    icassp94,
  title =        "``{E}igenlips'' for Robust Speech Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Adelaide, Australia",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Breiman83,
  author =       "L. Breiman and J. H. Friedman and R. A. Olshen and C.
                 J. Stone",
  title =        "Classification and Regression Trees",
  publisher =    "Wadsworth \& Brooks",
  address =      "Pacific Grove, California",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{BreKan89,
  author =       "Joan Bresnan and J. Kanerva",
  title =        "Locative inversion in {C}hiche\^ wa: {A} Case Study of
                 Factorization in Grammar",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--50",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Brent91,
  author =       "Michael Brent",
  booktitle =    ACL91,
  title =        "Automatic Acquisition of Subcategorization Frames from
                 Untagged Text",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "209--214",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{BrentCart,
  author =       "Michael R. Brent and Timothy A. Cartwright",
  title =        "Distributional Regularity and Phonotactic Constraints
                 Are Useful For Segmentation",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "61",
  pages =        "93--125",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{BrentMorph95,
  author =       "M. R. Brent and K. M. Sreerama and A. Lundberg",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on
                 Artificial Intelligence and Statistics",
  title =        "Discovering morphemic suffixes: {A} case study in
                 minimum description length induction",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InCollection{Bresnan78,
  author =       "Joan Bresnan",
  editor =       "Morris Halle and Joan Bresnan and George A. Miller",
  booktitle =    "Linguistic Theory and Psychological Reality",
  title =        "A Realistic Transformational Grammar",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "1--59",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InProceedings{BriCar97,
  author =       "Ted Briscoe and John Carroll",
  booktitle =    "Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language
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  title =        "Automatic Extraction of Subcategorization from
                 Corpora",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "356--363",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InCollection{Bridle:90,
  author =       "J. S. Bridle",
  editor =       "F. Fogleman Soulie and J. Herault",
  booktitle =    "Neurocomputing: Algorithms, Architectures and
                 Applications",
  title =        "Probabilistic Interpretation of Feedforward
                 Classification Network Outputs, with Relationships to
                 Statistical Pattern Recognition",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin",
  pages =        "227--236",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Brill95,
  author =       "Eric Brill",
  title =        "Transformation-Based Error-Driven Learning and Natural
                 Language Processing: {A} Case Study in Part-of-Speech
                 Tagging",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "543--566",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{BrillWu98,
  author =       "Eric Brill and Jun Wu",
  booktitle =    ACL98,
  title =        "Classifier Combination for Improved Lexical
                 Disambiguation",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{BriRes94,
  author =       "Eric Brill and Philip Resnik",
  booktitle =    COLING94,
  title =        "A Rule-Based Approach to Prepositional Phrase
                 Attachment Disambiguation",
  address =      "Kyoto",
  pages =        "1198--1204",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Unpublished{Briscoe94,
  author =       "Ted Briscoe and Ann Copestake and Alex Lascarides",
  title =        "Blocking",
  address =      "Cambridge University",
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "manuscript",
}

@Article{BriscoeCarroll93,
  author =       "Ted Briscoe and John Carroll",
  title =        "Generalized {P}robabilistic {LR} Parsing of Natural
                 Language (Corpora) with Unification-Based Grammars",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--59",
  year =         "1993",
}

@PhdThesis{Britt91,
  author =       "Anne Britt",
  title =        "The role of referential uniqueness and argument
                 structure in parsing prepositional phrases",
  school =       "University of Pittsburgh",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  year =         "1991",
  note =         "cited in Britt {\em et al.} (1993)",
}

@Article{Britt92,
  author =       "Anne Britt and C. A. Perfetti and S. Garrod and K.
 Rayner",
  title =        "Parsing in discourse: {C}ontext effects and their
                 limits",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "31",
  pages =        "293--314",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Britt93,
  author =       "M. Anne Britt and Gareth Gabrys and Charles A.
                 Perfetti",
  booktitle =    cogsci:93,
  title =        "A Restricted Interactive Model of Parsing",
  address =      "Boulder, CO",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Unpublished{BriU97,
  author =       "Eric Brill",
  title =        "Unsupervised Learning of Disambiguation Rules for Part
                 of Speech Tagging",
  year =         "1997",
  note =         "Unpublished manuscript",
}

@Article{BroHal89,
  author =       "Sylvain Bromberger and Morris Halle",
  title =        "Why Phonology is Different",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "51--70",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{Browman,
  author =       "Catherine P. Browman and Louis Goldstein",
  title =        "Articulatory Phonology: An overview",
  journal =      "Phonetica",
  volume =       "49",
  pages =        "155--180",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Brown:90,
  title =        "A Statistical Approach to Machine Translation",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "79--85",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
  author =       "Peter F. Brown and John Cocke and Stephen A. {Della
                 Pietra} and Vincent J. {Della Pietra} and Frederick
                 Jelinek and John D. Lafferty and Robert L. Mercer and
                 Paul S. Roossin",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J90/J90-2002.pdf"
}

@Article{Brown:92a,
  author =       "Peter F. Brown and Stephen A. {Della Pietra} and
                 Vincent J. {Della Pietra} and Jenifer C. Lai and Robert
                 L. Mercer",
  title =        "An Estimate of an Upper Bound for the Entropy of
                 {English}",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--40",
  year =         "1992",
  annote =       "Entropy of written English is upper bounded by the
                 cross entropy between a language model and a large
                 corpus. The language model consists of a trigram model
                 for token, (words and punctuation), a spelling model
                 for unknown words, a case model, and a spacing model.
                 The language model parameters were trained on an
                 independent corpus. The per-character entropy of
                 English turns out to be bounded by 1.75.",
}

@Article{Brown:92b,
  author =       "Peter F. Brown and Vincent J. {Della Pietra} and Peter
                 V. deSouza and Jenifer C. Lai and Robert L. Mercer",
  title =        "Class-Based {$n$}-gram Models of Natural Language",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "467--479",
  year =         "1992",
  annote =       "Shows that a class-based bigram model is optimized by
                 maximizing the mutual information between classes. A
                 greedy, incremental clustering algorithm is given to
                 heuristically find a good class assignment.
                 Incidentally, the algorithm is special case of HMM
                 induction by best-first state merging
                 \cite{Stolcke:93b}.",
}

@Article{Brown:93,
  author =       "Peter F. Brown and Stephen A. {Della Pietra} and
                 Vincent J. {Della Pietra} and Robert L. Mercer",
  title =        "The Mathematics of Statistical Machine Translation:
                 {P}arameter estimation",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "263--311",
  year =         "1993",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J93/J93-2003.pdf"
}

@InCollection{BruceEtAl:97,
  author =       "G. Bruce and B. Granstr{\"om} and K. Gustafson and M.
                 Horne and D. House and P. Touati",
  editor =       "Yoshinori Sagisaka and Nick Campbell and Norio
                 Higuchi",
  booktitle =    "Computing Prosody: Computational Models for Processing
                 Spontaneous Speech",
  title =        "On the Analysis of Prosody in Interaction",
  chapter =      "4",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "42--59",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InCollection{BruLak88,
  author =       "Claudia Brugman and George Lakoff",
  editor =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Lexical ambiguity resolution: {P}erspectives from
                 psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial
                 intelligence",
  title =        "Cognitive topology and lexical networks",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{BubGor89,
  author =       "Andrea Bubka and David S. Gorfein",
  editor =       "David S. Gorfein",
  booktitle =    "Resolving Semantic Ambiguity",
  title =        "Resolving Semantic Ambiguity: {A}n Introduction",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "3--12",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{bunt,
  author =       "Harry Bunt",
  title =        "Context and Dialogue Control",
  journal =      "Think",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "19--31",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InCollection{Bunt95,
  author =       "Harry Bunt",
  editor =       "M. M. Taylor and F. Neel and D. G. Bouwhuis",
  booktitle =    "The structure of multimodal dialogue",
  title =        "Dynamic interpretation and dialogue theory, Volume 2",
  pages = "139--166",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InCollection{BuntBlack,
  author =       "Harry Bunt and Bill Black",
  editor =       "Harry C. Bunt and William Black",
  booktitle =    "Computational Pragmatics: Abduction, Belief and
                 Context",
  title =        "The {ABC} of Computational Pragmatics",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =      "1-46",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Burgess,
  author =       "Curt Burgess and S. C. Hollbach",
  booktitle =    cogsci:88,
  title =        "A Computational Model of Syntactic Ambiguity as a
                 Lexical Process",
  pages =        "263--269",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Burgess94,
  author =       "Curt Burgess and Kevin Lund",
  booktitle =    cogsci:94,
  title =        "Multiple Constraints in Syntactic Ambiguity
                 Resolution: {A} Connectionist Account of
                 Psycholinguistic Data",
  address =      "Atlanta, GA",
  pages = "90--95",
  year =         "1994",
}

@MastersThesis{Bush,
  author =       "Nathan Bush",
  title =        "The Predictive Value of Transitional Probability for
                 Word-Boundary Palatalization in {E}nglish",
  school =       "University of New Mexico",
  address =      "Albuquerque, NM",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InCollection{Butterworth,
  author =       "Brian Butterworth",
  editor =       "Brian Butterworth",
  booktitle =    "Language Production, Volume 2: {D}evelopment, Writing
                 and Other Language Processes",
  title =        "Lexical Representation",
  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "257--294",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InCollection{Butterworth89,
  author =       "B. L. Butterworth",
  editor =       "W. Marslen-Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Representation and Process",
  title =        "Lexical Access in Speech Production",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Book{Bybee85,
  author =       "Joan L. Bybee",
  title =        "Morphology: {A} study of the relation between meaning
                 and form",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Article{Bybee95lcp,
  author =       "Joan L. Bybee",
  title =        "Regular Morphology and the Lexicon",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "425--455",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InCollection{Bybee96,
  author =       "Joan L. Bybee",
  editor =       "Michael Barlow and Suzanne Kemmer",
  booktitle =    "Usage-based Models of Language",
  title =        "The phonology of the lexicon: evidence from lexical
                 diffusion",
  publisher =    "CSLI",
  address =      "Stanford",
  pages =        "65--85",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Article{Bybee99,
  author =       "Joan Bybee and Joanne Scheibman",
  title =        "The effect of usage on degrees of constituency: the
                 reduction of {\em don't} in {E}nglish",
  journal =      "Linguistics",
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "575--596",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{BybeeSlobin82,
  author =       "Joan L. Bybee and Dan I. Slobin",
  title =        "Rules and schemas in the development and use of
                 {E}nglish past tense",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "58",
  pages =        "265--289",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Byrd94,
  author =       "Dani Byrd",
  title =        "Relations of sex and dialect to reduction",
  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "39--54",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InCollection{Byrdetal97,
  author =       "D. Byrd and A. Kaun and S. Narayanan and E. Saltzman",
  booktitle =    "Papers in Laboratory Phonology V",
  title =        "Phrasal signatures in articulation",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "70--87",
  year =         "2000",
  edutor =       "M. B. Broe and J. B. Pierrehumbert",
}

@Article{CacTab88,
  author =       "Cristina Cacciari and Patrizia Tabossi",
  title =        "The Comprehension of Idioms",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "668--683",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{CacTab93,
  editor =       "Cristina Cacciari and Patrizia Tabossi",
  title =        "Idioms: {P}rocessing, Structure, and Interpretation",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "New Jersey",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{Calder,
  author =       "J. Calder",
  editor =       "G. Kahn and D. MacQueen and G. Plotkin",
  booktitle =    "Categories, Polymorphism, and Unification",
  title =        "Typed unification for natural language processing",
  publisher =    "Centre for Cognitive Science",
  address =      "University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland$\dag$",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Manual{callhome,
  author =       "LDC",
  title =        "{LDC} Catalog: {Hub5-LVCSR} project",
  institution =  "Linguistic Data Consortium",
  address =      "University of Pennsylvania",
  year =         "1999",
  note =         "\verb+www.ldc.upenn.edu/ldc/about/+
                 \verb+chenglish.html+ or \verb+www.ldc.+
                 \verb+upenn.edu/Catalog/Hub5-LVCSR.html+",
}

@Article{Canas90,
  author =       "J. J. Canas",
  title =        "Associative strength effects in the lexical decision
                 task",
  journal =      "The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology",
  volume =       "42A",
  pages =        "121--145",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Book{Cao73,
  author =       "Xueqin Cao",
  title =        "The Story of the Stone. {\rm (Also known as} The Dream of the Red Chamber{\rm )}",
  publisher =    "Penguin Classics",
  address =      "London",
  year =         "1792",
  note =         "First published in {Chinese} in 1792, translated into
                 {E}nglish by David Hawkes and published by Penguin in
                 1973",
}

@Article{Car88,
  author =       "Alfonso Caramazza and Alessandro Laudanna and Cristina
                 Romani",
  title =        "Lexical access and inflectional morphology",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "297--332",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{Car90,
  author =       "Sandra Carberry",
  title =        "Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialog",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Car91,
  author =       "Bob Carpenter",
  title =        "The Generative Power of Categorial Grammars and
                 Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammars with Lexical
                 Rules",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "301--313",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{Car92,
  author =       "Bob Carpenter",
  title =        "The Logic of Typed Feature Structures",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Car97,
  author =       "Jean Carletta and Amy Isard and Stephen Isard and
                 Jacqueline C. Kowtko and Gwyneth Doherty-Sneddon and
                 Anne H. Anderson",
  title =        "The Reliability of a Dialogue Structure Coding
                 Scheme",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--32",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{carpuat-emnlp07,
  author    = {Carpuat, Marine  and  Wu, Dekai},
  title     = {Improving Statistical Machine Translation Using Word Sense Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)},
  pages     = {61--72},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D07/D07-1007}
}

@InProceedings{CarBriSan,
  author =       "John Carroll and Ted Briscoe and Antonio Sanfilippo",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings, First International Conference on
                 Language Resources and Evaluation",
  title =        "Parser Evaluation: a Survey and a New Proposal",
  organization = "European Language Resources Association",
  address =      "Granada, Spain",
  pages =        "447--454",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{carreras2004conll,
   author = "Xavier Carreras and Llu{\'\i}s M{\`a}rques",
   title = "Introduction to the CoNLL-2004 Shared Task: Semantic Role Labeling",
   booktitle = "Proceedings of CoNLL-2004",
   year = "2004",
   pages = "89--97"
}

@InProceedings{carreras2005conll,
   author = "Xavier Carreras and Llu{\'\i}s M{\`a}rques",
   title = "Introduction to the CoNLL-2005 Shared Task: Semantic Role Labeling",
   booktitle = "Proceedings of CoNLL-2005",
   year = "2005",
}

@InProceedings{Carroll-lrec98,
author="John Carroll and Ted Briscoe and Antonio Sanfilippo",
title="Parser evaluation: a survey and a new proposal",
booktitle="Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation", 
address="Granada, Spain",
pages="447--454",
year=1998,
}

@incollection{Carrolletal03,
author="John Carroll and Guido Minnen and Ted Briscoe", 
year=2003, 
title="Parser Evaluation: Using a
Grammatical Relation Annotation Scheme",
booktitle="Building and using Parsed Corpora",
editor="Ann Abeille", 
series="Language and Speech series", 
publisher="KLUWER", 
address="Dordrecht"
}


@Article{CarCha98,
  author =       "Sharon A. Caraballo and Eugene Charniak",
  title =        "New Figures of Merit for Best-First Probabilistic
                 Chart Parsing",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "24",
  number=2,
  pages="275--298",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{CarbonellTomita87,
  author="Jaime Carbonell and Masaru Tomita",
  title="Knowledge-Based Machine Translation: the {CMU} Approach",
  booktitle="Machine Translation: Theoretical and Methodological Issues",
  editor="Sergei Nirenburg",
  pages="68-89",
  publisher="Cambridge University Press",
  year=1987
}

@InProceedings{Cardie,
  author =       "Claire Cardie and Wendy G. Lehnert",
  booktitle =    AAAI91,
  title =        "A Cognitively Plausible Approach to Understanding
                 Complex Syntax",
  publisher =    MK,
  pages =        "117--124",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{cardie2,
  author =       "Claire Cardie",
  booktitle =    "AAAI-93",
  title =        "A Case-Based Approach to Knowledge Acquisition for
                 Domain Specific Sentence Analysis",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  pages =        "798--803",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Carletta96,
  author =       "Jean Carletta",
  title =        "Assessing Agreement on Classification Tasks: The
                 {Kappa} Statistic",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "249--254",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1996",
}

@InCollection{carletta:95,
  author =       "Jean Carletta and Amy Isard and Stephen Isard and
                 Jacqueline Kowtko and Gwyneth Doherty-Sneddon and Anne
                 H. Anderson",
  editor =       "J. A. Andernach and S. P. van de Burgt and G. F. van
                 der Hoeven",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Ninth Twente Workshop on Language
                 Technology: Corpus-based Approaches to Dialogue
                 Modelling",
  title =        "The coding of dialogue structure in a corpus",
  publisher =    "Universiteit Twente, Enschede",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InCollection{Carlson,
  author =       "Greg N. Carlson and Michael K. Tanenhaus",
  editor =       "Wendy Wilkins",
  booktitle =    "Thematic relations",
  title =        "Thematic Roles and Language Comprehension",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "San Diego",
  pages =        "263--288",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Carpenter91,
  author =       "Bob Carpenter",
  title =        "The Generative Power of Categorial Grammars and
                 Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammars with Lexical
                 Rules",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "301--313",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{Carpenter92,
  author =       "Bob Carpenter",
  title =        "The logic of typed feature structures",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{CarpMann97,
author="Bob Carpenter and Chris Manning",
year="1997",
title="Probabilistic parsing using left corner
language models",
booktitle="Proceedings of the 5th ACL/SIGPARSE International
Workshop on Parsing Technologies", 
pages="147--158",
address="Cambridge, MA"
}


@InProceedings{CarrollRooth98,
  author =       "Glenn Carroll and Mats Rooth",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Empirical Methods
                 in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 3)",
  title =        "Valence Induction with a Head-Lexicalized {PCFG}",
  address =      "Granada, Spain",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{ casacuberta-icgi00,
    author = "F. Casacuberta and Colin De La Higuera",
    title = "Computational Complexity of Problems on Probabilistic Grammars and Transducers",
    booktitle = "Grammatical Inference: {A}lgorithms and {A}pplications, 5th International Colloquium, {ICGI} 2000",
    publisher = "Springer",
    pages = "15--24",
    year = "2000",
    notes="vol. 1891 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence",
    url = "http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/casacuberta00computational.html" }

@Article{Casey96,
  author =       "Richard G. Casey and Eric Lecolinet",
  title =        "A Survey of Methods and Strategies in Character
                 Segmentation",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "690--706",
  month =        Jul,
  year =         "1996",
}

@InCollection{Cater83,
  author =       "Arthur Cater",
  editor =       "Karen {Sparck Jones} and Yorick Wilks",
  booktitle =    "Automatic Natural Language Parsing",
  title =        "Request-based parsing with low-level syntactic
                 recognition",
  publisher =    "Ellis-Horwood",
  address =      "Chichester",
  pages =        "141--147",
  year =         "1983",
}

@MastersThesis{catie,
  author =       "Catherine Berkenfield",
  title =        "The Role of Syntactic Constructions and Frequency in
                 the Realization of {E}nglish {\em that}",
  school =       "University of New Mexico",
  address =      "Albuquerque, NM",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Book{Celex,
  author = "Baayen, R.H. and Piepenbrock, R. and Gulikers, L.",
  publisher = "Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania [Distributor]",
  title =        "The CELEX Lexical Database (Release 2) [CD-ROM]",
  address = "Philadelphia, PA",
  year =         "1995",
}

@inproceedings{chandra-stoc77,
 author = {Chandra, Ashok K. and Merlin, Philip M.},
 title = {Optimal implementation of conjunctive queries in relational data bases},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing},
 series = {STOC '77},
 year = {1977},
 location = {Boulder, Colorado, United States},
 pages = {77--90},
 numpages = {14},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/800105.803397},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/800105.803397},
 acmid = {803397},
} 

@article{CS03,
 author=" L.S. Chandran and C.R. Subramanian",
 title="A spectral lower bound for the treewidth of a graph and its consequences",
 journal="Information Processing Letters", 
 volume=87,
 Issue=4,
  pages="195--200",  
 year=2003
}

@Article{Cha81,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak",
  title =        "The case-slot identity theory",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "285--292",
  year =         "1981",
}

@InProceedings{Chang98,
  author =       "Nancy Chang and Daniel Gildea and Srini Narayanan",
  booktitle =    cogsci:98,
  title =        "A Dynamic Model of Aspectual Composition",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Madison, WI",
  pages =        "226--231",
  year =         "1998",
  url = "http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/NTL/papers/asp.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Charniak,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak and Robert Goldman",
  booktitle =    ACL88,
  title =        "A logic for semantic interpretation",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Buffalo, NY",
  month =        June,
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Charniak-vlc98,
 title="Edge-based best-first chart parsing", 
 author="Eugene Charniak and Sharon Goldwater and Mark Johnson", 
 booktitle="Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
 year=1998,
}

@InProceedings{Charniak00,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1st Annual Meeting of the North
                 American Chapter of the ACL (NAACL)",
  title =        "A Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser",
  address =      "Seattle, Washington",
  pages =        "132--139",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Charniak00a,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak",
  booktitle =    NAACL01,
  title =        "A Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser",
  pages =        "132--139",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Charniak01,
  author = "Eugene Charniak",
  title = "Immediate-Head Parsing for Language Models",
  booktitle =    ACL01,
  year =         2001,
  address =      "Toulouse, France",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P01/P01-1017.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{charniak1996tree,
	Author = {Charniak, Eugene},
	Booktitle = {Proc.\ of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	Pages = {1031--1036},
	Title = {{Tree-bank grammars}},
	Year = 1996,
}

@InProceedings{Charniak91percent,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak and Curtis Hendrickson and Neil
                 Jacobson and Mike Perkowitz",
  booktitle =    AAAI93,
  title =        "Equations for part-of-speech tagging",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "784--789",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Charniak93,
  author =       "E. Charniak",
  title =        "Statistical Language Learning",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1993",
}

@TechReport{Charniak95,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak",
  title =        "Parsing with context-free grammars and word
                 statistics",
  institution =  "Brown University Department of Computer Science",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "CS-95-28",
}

@InProceedings{Charniak97,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak",
  booktitle =    AAAI97,
  title =        "Statistical Parsing with a Context-free Grammar and
                 Word Statistics",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park",
  pages =        "598--603",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  url="http://www.cs.brown.edu/~ec/papers/aaai97.ps"
}

@InCollection{Charniak:83,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak",
  editor =       "Margaret King",
  booktitle =    "Parsing Natural Language",
  title =        "A parser with something for everyone",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "London",
  pages =        "117--149",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{Charniak:91,
  author =       "Eugene Charniak",
  title =        "Bayesian Networks without Tears",
  journal =      "AI Magazine",
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "50--63",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1991",
  annote =       "Survey of Bayes networks: semantics, algorithms,
                 applications.",
}

@Inproceedings{CharniakJ05,
  author    = {Eugene Charniak and
               Mark Johnson},
  title     = {Coarse-to-Fine n-Best Parsing and MaxEnt Discriminative
               Reranking.},
  booktitle = {ACL},
  year      = {2005}
}

@InCollection{chater98,
  author =       "Nick Chater and Matthew J. Crocker and Martin J.
                 Pickering",
  editor =       "Mike Oaksford and Nick Chater",
  booktitle =    "Rational Models of Cognition",
  title =        "The rational analysis of inquiry: the case of
                 parsing",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  pages =        "441--468",
  year =         "1998",
}

@incollection {chekuri-rajaraman-icdt97,
   author = {Chekuri, Chandra and Rajaraman, Anand},
   affiliation = {Stanford University Department of Computer Science USA USA},
   title = {Conjunctive query containment revisited},
   booktitle = {Database Theory -- ICDT '97},
   pages = {56-70},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   isbn = {},
   publisher = {Springer},
   volume = {1186},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62222-5_36},
   year = {1997}
}

@InProceedings{Che97,
  author =       "Ciprian Chelba and D. Engle and F. Jelinek and V.
                 Jimenez and S. Khudanpur and L. Mangu and H. Printz and
                 E. S. Ristad and R. Rosenfeld and Andreas Stolcke and
                 D. Wu",
  booktitle =    EUROSPEECH97,
  title =        "Structure and performance of a dependency language
                 model",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "2775--2778",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Che98,
  author =       "Ciprian Chelba and Frederick Jelinek",
  booktitle =    COLING98,
  title =        "Exploiting Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "225--231",
  year =         "1998",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P01/P01-1017.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Cheeseman1988,
  author =       "Matther Self and John Stutz and Will Taylor and Don
                 Freeman and Peter Cheeseman and James Kelly",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Fifth Int'l Conference on Machine
                 Learning",
  title =        "AutoClass: {A} {B}ayesian Classification System",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
  pages =        "54--64",
  year =         "1988",
  annotate =     "This paper describes a technique for automatically
                 discovering classes in an unlabeled database. Bayesian
                 statistical techniques are used to discover the most
                 probable number of classes and to assign each object in
                 the database to one of the classes. Class membership is
                 probabilistic.",
}

@InProceedings{Chelba98,
  author =       "Ciprian Chelba and Frederick Jelinek",
  editor =       "Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock",
  title =        "Exploiting Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers",
  address =      "San Francisco, California",
  pages =        "225--231",
  year =         "1998",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
                 {A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
                 Seventeenth International Conference on Computational
                 Linguistics",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P01/P01-1017.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Chelbaetal97,
  author =       "C. Chelba and D. Engle and F. Jelinek and V. Jimenez
                 and S. Khudanpur and L. Mangu and H. Printz and E.
                 Ristad and R. Rosenfeld and A. Stolcke and D. Wu",
  booktitle =    "Eurospeech-97",
  title =        "Structure and Estimation of a Dependency Language
                 Model",
  address =      "Rhodes, Greece",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{ChelbaJelinek99,
  author =       "Ciprian Chelba and Frederick Jelinek",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH",
  title =        "Recognition Performance of a Structured Language
                 Model",
  year =         "1999",
  url="http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/~chelba/publications/camera_ready.EUROSP99.ps"
}


@inproceedings{chen-aaai11,
  author    = {David L. Chen and
               Raymond J. Mooney},
  title     = {Learning to Interpret Natural Language Navigation Instructions
               from Observations},
  booktitle = {AAAI},
  year      = {2011},
  ee        = {http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI11/paper/view/3701},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@incollection{chen-liu-lan-ma-li-nips09,
 title = {Ranking Measures and Loss Functions in Learning to Rank},
 author = {Wei Chen and Tie-Yan Liu and Yanyan Lan and Zhi-Ming Ma and Hang Li},
 booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 22},
 editor = {Y. Bengio and D. Schuurmans and J. Lafferty and C. K. I. Williams and A. Culotta},
 pages = {315--323},
 year = {2009}
}

@InProceedings{Chen90,
  author =       "F. Chen",
  booktitle =    icassp90,
  title =        "Identification of Contextual Factors for Pronunciation
                 Networks",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "753--756",
  year =         "1990",
}


@InProceedings{ChenRambow03,
  author = {Chen, John  and  Rambow, Owen},
  title  = {Use of Deep Linguistic Features for the Recognition and Labeling of Semantic Arguments},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  editor = {Michael Collins and Mark Steedman},
  url    = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-1006.pdf},
  year   = 2003,
  pages  = {41--48}
}

@InProceedings{Chen98,
  author =       "Stanley F. Chen and Kristie Seymore and Ronald
                 Rosenfeld",
  booktitle =    icassp98,
  title =        "Topic adaptation for language modeling using
                 unnormalized exponential models",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "681--684",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Chen99,
  author =       "S. S. Chen and E. M. Eide and M. J. F. Gales and R. A.
                 Gopinath and D. Kanevsky and P. Olsen",
  booktitle =    icassp99,
  title =        "Recent Improvements to {IBM}'s Speech Recognition
                 System for Automatic Transcription of {B}roadcast
                 {N}ews",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "37--40",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{ChenGoodman:96,
  author =       "Stanley F. Chen and Joshua Goodman",
  booktitle =    ACL96,
  title =        "An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for
                 Language Modeling",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Santa Cruz, CA",
  pages =        "310--318",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Chiang00,
  author =       "David Chiang",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the ACL",
  title =        "Statistical Parsing with an Automatically-Extracted
                 Tree Adjoining Grammar",
  address =      "Hong Kong",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2000",
}

@phdthesis{Chiang:04,
 author="David Chiang",
 title="Evaluation of Grammar Formalisms for Applications to Natural Language Processing and Biological Sequence Analysis", 
 school="University of Pennsylvania", 
 year=2004
}

@InProceedings{Chiang-acl05,
  author    = {Chiang, David},
  title     = {A Hierarchical Phrase-Based Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = ACL05,
  year      = {2005},
  pages     = {263--270},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P05/P05-1033},
  address = "Ann Arbor, MI"
}

@InProceedings{chiang-bikel-coling02,
 author = {Chiang,, David and Bikel,, Daniel M.},
 title = {Recovering latent information in treebanks},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics},
 year = 2002,
 pages = {1--7},
 location = {Taipei, Taiwan},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1072228.1072354},
}

@InProceedings{chiang-emnlp08,
 author="David Chiang and Yuval Marton and Philip Resnik",
 title="Online Large-Margin Training of Syntactic and Structural Translation Features",
 booktitle=EMNLP08,
 year=2008,
 annote="MIRA for MT"
}

@InProceedings{chiang-naacl09,
  author    = {Chiang, David  and  Knight, Kevin  and  Wang, Wei},
  title     = {11,001 New Features for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Boulder, Colorado},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {218--226},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N/N09/N09-1025}
}

@Article{ChiangCL,
  author =       "David Chiang",
  title =        "Hierarchical phrase-based translation",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "2",
  year =         "2007",
  pages="201--228",
}

@InProceedings{CHLeeEtal90,
  author =       "C. H. Lee and L. R. Rabiner and R. Pieraccini and J.
                 G. Wilpon",
  booktitle =    icassp90,
  title =        "Acoustic Modeling of Subword Units for Speech
                 Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "721--724",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Cho56,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Three models for the description of language",
  journal =      "IRI Transactions on Information Theory",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "113--124",
  year =         "1956",
}

@Book{Chomsky-cart,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Cartesian Linguistics: {A} Chapter in the History of
                 Rationalist Thought",
  publisher =    "Harper \& Row",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1966",
}

@Book{Chomsky57,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Syntactic Structures",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1957",
}

@Article{Chomsky59,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "On Certain Formal Properties of Grammars",
  journal =      "Information and Control",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "137--167",
  year =         "1959",
}

@InCollection{Chomsky62,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  editor =       "Jerry A. Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz",
  booktitle =    "The Structure of Language, Readings in The Philosophy
                 of Language",
  title =        "A Transformational Approach to Syntax",
  publisher =    "Prentice Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  pages =        "211--245",
  year =         "1962",
}

@InCollection{Chomsky63,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  editor =       "R. D. Luce and R. Bush and E. Galanter",
  booktitle =    "Handbook of Mathematical Psychology",
  title =        "Formal Properties of Grammars",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "Wiley",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "323--418",
  year =         "1963",
}

@Book{Chomsky64,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Current Issues in Linguistic Theory",
  number =       "XXXVIII",
  publisher =    "Mouton and Co",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1964",
  series =       "Janua Linguarum Series Minor",
}

@Book{Chomsky65,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Aspects of the Theory of Syntax",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1965",
}

@InCollection{Chomsky69,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  editor =       "Donald Davidson and Jaakko Hintikka",
  booktitle =    "Words and objections. Essays on the work of W. V.
                 Quine",
  title =        "Quine's Empirical Assumptions",
  publisher =    "D. Reidel",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "53--68",
  year =         "1969",
}

@InCollection{Chomsky70,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  editor =       "R. Jacobs and P. Rosenbaum",
  booktitle =    "Readings in {E}nglish Transformational Grammar",
  title =        "Remarks on Nominalization",
  publisher =    "Ginn",
  address =      "Waltham, MA",
  pages =        "184--221",
  year =         "1970",
}

@Book{Chomsky72,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Language and Mind",
  publisher =    "Harcourt Brace Jovanovich",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Book{Chomsky81,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Lectures on Government and Binding",
  publisher =    "Foris",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Book{ChomskyHalle68,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle",
  title =        "The Sound Pattern of {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Harper and Row",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1968",
}

@Article{ChomskyMiller58,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky and George A. Miller",
  title =        "Finite-state Languages",
  journal =      "Information and Control",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "91--112",
  year =         "1958",
}

@InCollection{ChomskyMiller63,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky and George A. Miller",
  editor =       "R. D. Luce and R. Bush and E. Galanter",
  booktitle =    "Handbook of Mathematical Psychology",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "Wiley",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "269--322",
  year =         "1963",
  title =        "Introduction to the Formal Analysis of Natural
                 Languages",
}

@Article{chomskyskinnerreview,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "A review of {B}. {F}. {Skinner}'s ``{V}erbal
                 {B}ehavior''",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "26--58",
  year =         "1959",
}

@InProceedings{ChowEtal87,
  booktitle =    icassp87,
  title =        "{BYBLOS}: The {BBN} Continuous Speech Recognition
                 System",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "89--92",
  year =         "1987",
  author =       "Y. L. Chow and M. O. Dunham and O. A. Kimball and M.
                 A. Krasner and G. F. Kubala and J. Makhoul and S.
                 Roukos and R. M. Schwartz",
}

@TechReport{ChrisJohnson,
  author =       "Christopher Johnson",
  title =        "Syntactic and Semantic Principles of {FrameNet}
                 Annotation, Version 1",
  number =       "TR-99-018",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{ChrisJohnson00,
  author =       "Christopher Johnson and Charles J. Fillmore",
  booktitle =    "In the Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the North
                 American Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics (ANLP-NAACL 2000)",
  title =        "The {FrameNet} tagset for frame-semantic and syntactic
                 coding of predicate-argument structure",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Seattle, WA",
  pages =        "56--62",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Chu-Carroll:98,
  author =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll",
  editor =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Nancy Green",
  booktitle =    "Applying Machine Learning to Discourse Processing.
                 Papers from the 1998 {AAAI} Spring Symposium. {\rm
                 Tech. rep. SS-98-01}",
  title =        "A Statistical Model for Discourse Act Recognition in
                 Dialogue Interactions",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA",
  pages =        "12--17",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Chu-Carroll:aaai98,
  author =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll",
  editor =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Nancy Green",
  booktitle =    "Applying Machine Learning to Discourse Processing.
                 Papers from the 1998 {AAAI} Spring Symposium. {\rm
                 Tech. rep. SS-98-01}",
  title =        "A Statistical Model for Discourse Act Recognition in
                 Dialogue Interactions",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  pages =        "12--17",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{Chu98,
  author =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Sandra Carberry",
  title =        "Collaborative Response Generation in Planning
                 Dialogues",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "355--400",
  year =         "1998",
}

@article{Chung84,
 author="F. R. K. Chung", 
 title="On optimal linear arrangements of trees", 
 journal="Computers and Mathematics with Applications", 
 volume=10,
 year=1984, 
 pages="43-60",
 annotate="minimize total length of edges over vertex orderings in O(n^{1.6})"
}

@InCollection{ChuGalHan91,
  author =       "Kenneth W. Church and William A. Gale and Patrick
                 Hanks and Don Hindle",
  editor =       "Uri Zernik",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Acquisition",
  title =        "Using Statistics in Lexical Analysis",
  publisher =    LEA,
  pages =        "115--164",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{ChuPat82,
  author =       "Kenneth W. Church and Ramesh Patil",
  title =        "Coping with Syntactic Ambiguity",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3-4",
  pages =        "139--149",
  year =         "1982",
}

@MastersThesis{Church80,
  author =       "Kenneth Ward Church",
  title =        "On Memory Limitations in Natural Language Processing",
  school =       "MIT",
  year =         "1980",
  note =         "Distributed by the Indiana University Linguistics
                 Club",
}

@InProceedings{Church88,
  author =       "Kenneth W. Church",
  booktitle =    "Second Conference on Applied Natural Language
                 Processing",
  title =        "A Stochastic Parts Program and Noun Phrase Parser for
                 Unrestricted Text",
  publisher =    "ACL",
  pages =        "136--143",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{Church:91,
  author =       "Kenneth W. Church and William A. Gale",
  title =        "A comparison of the enhanced {Good-Turing} and deleted
                 estimation methods for estimating probabilities of
                 {English} bigrams",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "19--54",
  year =         "1991",
  annote =       "Most interesting for its explanation and proof of the
                 Good-Turing theorem: a result about the expected number
                 of token in a sample conditional on the frequency of
                 those tokens in a previous sample. Can be used to
                 smoothing probability estimates of marginally binomial
                 events.",
}

@Article{ChurchGaleKruskal,
  author =       "Kenneth W. Church and William A. Gale and J. B
                 Kruskal",
  title =        "Appendix {A}: the {Good-Turing} Theorem",
  crossref =     "Church:91",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "19--54",
  year =         "1991",
}

@article{clark-jmlr04,
 author="Alexander Clark and Frank Thollard",
 title="PAC-learnability of Probabilistic Deterministic Finite State Automata",
 journal="Journal of Machine Learning Research", 
 year=2004,
 url="http://www.cs.rhul.ac.uk/home/alexc/papers/clark04a.pdf"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{clark06c,
  AUTHOR = {Alexander Clark},
  TITLE = {{PAC}-learning unambiguous {NTS} languages},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 8th International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference ({ICGI})},
  PAGES = {59-71},
  URL = {http://www.cs.rhul.ac.uk/home/alexc/papers/42010059.pdf},
  ABSTRACT = {Non-terminally separated (NTS) languages are a subclass of
deterministic context free languages where there is a stable relationship
between the substrings of the language and the non-terminals of the
grammar. 
We show that when the distribution of samples is generated by a PCFG,
based on the same grammar as the target language, 
the class of unambiguous NTS languages is PAC-learnable from
positive data alone, with
polynomial bounds on data and computation.
},
  YEAR = 2006
}

@Article{Cla94,
  author =       "Herbert H. Clark",
  title =        "Managing problems in speaking",
  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "243--250",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Clark:96,
  author =       "Herbert Clark",
  title =        "Using Language",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Book{ClarkClark77,
  author =       "Herbert H. Clark and Eve V. Clark",
  title =        "Psychology and Language",
  publisher =    "Harcourt Brace Jovanovich",
  address =      "San Diego",
  year =         "1977",
}

@Article{ClarkShaefer,
  author =       "Herbert H. Clark and Edward F. Schaefer",
  title =        "Contributing to Discourse",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "259--294",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Clark:03,
author="Stephen Clark and James R. Curran and Miles Osborne",
year=2003,
title="Bootstrapping {POS} Taggers Using Unlabelled Data",
booktitle="CoNLL-03", 
apges="49--55"
}

@article{clark-weir-cl02,
 author = {Stephen Clark and David Weir},
 title = {Class-based probability estimation using a semantic hierarchy},
 journal = {Comput. Linguist.},
 volume = {28},
 number = {2},
 year = {2002},
 issn = {0891-2017},
 pages = {187--206},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120102760173643},
 }

@InProceedings{Clarkson97,
  author =       "Phillip R. Clarkson and Anthony J. Robinson",
  booktitle =    "IEEE ICASSP-97",
  title =        "Language Model Adaption Using Mixtures and an
                 Exponentially Decaying Cache",
  address =      "Munich, Germany",
  pages =        "799--802",
  year =         "1997",
}

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@inproceedings{Clarke-conll10,
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  year =         {2010},
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@Article{Cli93,
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@InCollection{CliFer87,
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  year =         "1987",
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@Article{CliFer89,
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  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "77--103",
  year =         "1989",
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@InCollection{CliFra89,
  author =       "Charles {Clifton, Jr.} and Lyn Frazier",
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  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "273--317",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{CliFraCon84,
  author =       "Charles {Clifton, Jr.} and Lyn Frazier and Cynthia
                 Connine",
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  journal =      JVLVB,
  volume =       "23",
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  year =         "1984",
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@Article{CliSpeAb91,
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  year =         "1991",
  author =       "Charles {Clifton, Jr.} and S. Speer and Steven P.
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@TechReport{clones,
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@TechReport{CMiller98,
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  address =      "Philadephia, PA",
  year =         "1998",
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@Unpublished{CMUdict,
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  year =         "1993",
  note =         "Carnegie Mellon University",
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@Unpublished{CMUdict2,
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@InProceedings{Coccaro98,
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  booktitle =    icslp98,
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  volume =       "6",
  address =      "Sydney",
  pages =        "2403--2406",
  year =         "1998",
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@InProceedings{CoccaroJurafsky98,
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  booktitle =    "ICSLP-98",
  title =        "Towards Better Integration of Semantic Predictors in
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  address =      "Sydney, Australia",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
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@PhdThesis{Cohen89,
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  year =         "1989",
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@InProceedings{Cohen92,
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@Book{Cohen95stat,
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@InProceedings{cohenmulti,
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@inproceedings{cohn2010blocked,
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@article{cohn-blunsom-goldwater-jmlr2010,
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@Article{CohPer79,
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@Unpublished{Col75,
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@Article{Cole73,
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  year =         "1973",
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@InCollection{ColeJakimik80,
  author =       "Ronald A. Cole and J. Jakimik",
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  year =         "1980",
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@Unpublished{ColeKiss,
  author =       "Jennifer S. Cole and Charles W. Kisseberth",
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@InProceedings{ColeMuth92,
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  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
  note =         "To Appear",
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@Article{ColeScott74,
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  year =         "1974",
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@InProceedings{collins-roark-saraclar:2005:ACL,
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  booktitle = ACL05,
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  year      = 2005,
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
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@InProceedings{Collins00,
  author =       "Michael Collins",
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  address =      "Stanford, California",
  year =         "2000",
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@InProceedings{Collins00a,
  author =       "Michael Collins",
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  address =      "Stanford, California",
  pages =        "175--182",
  year =         "2000",
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@InProceedings{Collins02,
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  year =         "2002",
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@conference{collins1997three,
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	Year = {1997},
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@InProceedings{Collins95,
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  year =         "1995",
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@InProceedings{Collins96,
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  booktitle =    ACL96,
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  year =         "1996",
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@InProceedings{Collins97,
  author =       "Michael Collins",
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                 Parsing",
  address =      "Madrid, Spain",
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@InProceedings{Collins97a,
  author =       "Michael Collins",
  booktitle =    "The Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the
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  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "16--23",
  year =         "1997",
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@PhdThesis{Collins99,
  author =       "Michael John Collins",
  title =        "Head-driven Statistical Models for Natural Language
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  school =       "University of Pennsylvania",
  address =      "Philadelphia",
  year =         "1999",
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  address =      "College Park, MD",
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@article{collins03,
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  author =       "Michael John Collins and Jan {Haji\v{c}} and Lance A.
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@InProceedings{Core:aaai98,
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@InCollection{CraFod85,
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  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "94--128",
  year =         "1985",
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@InCollection{Crainsteed,
  author =       "Stephen Crain and Mark J. Steedman",
  editor =       "David R. Dowty and Lauri Karttunen and Arnold Zwicky",
  booktitle =    "Natural language parsing",
  title =        "On not being led up the garden path: the use of
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  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
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  year =         "1985",
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@Article{CroBra00,
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  number =       "6",
  pages =        "647--669",
  year =         "2000",
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@Book{Croft90,
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  year =         "1990",
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@Article{Croft95,
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  pages =        "839--882",
  year =         "1995",
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@Book{Crystal69,
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  address =      "Cambridge",
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@Article{Crystal90,
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  pages =        "101--112",
  year =         "1990",
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@Book{crystal:book,
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  year =         "1969",
  series =       "Cambridge Studies in Linguistics",
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@InProceedings{cslurad,
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  booktitle =    icslp98,
  title =        "Modelling Spoken Dialogues with State Transition
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  year =         "1998",
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@InCollection{Cuetos96,
  author =       "Fernando Cuetos and Don C. Mitchell and Martin M. B.
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  editor =       "Manuel Carreiras and Jos{\'{e}} E. {Garc\'{\i}a}-Albea
                 and {N\'{u}ria} {Sebasti\'{a}n}-{Gall\'{e}s}",
  booktitle =    "Language Processing in Spanish",
  title =        "Parsing in different languages",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "156--187",
  year =         "1996",
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@InCollection{Cullingford81,
  author =       "Richard E. Cullingford",
  editor =       "Roger C. Schank and Christopher K. Riesbeck",
  booktitle =    "Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs plus
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  title =        "{SAM}",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "75--119",
  year =         "1981",
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@Article{culy85,
  author =       "Christopher Culy",
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  journal =      "Linguistics and Philosophy",
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  year =         "1985",
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@Unpublished{CurlBell01,
  author =       "Traci S. Curl and Alan Bell",
  title =        "Yeah, yeah, yeah: {P}rosodic Differences of Pragmatic
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  year =         "2001",
  note =         "Submitted manuscript",
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@InCollection{Cutler,
  author =       "Anne Cutler",
  editor =       "G. B. Flores d'Arcais and R. J. Jarvella",
  booktitle =    "The Process of language",
  title =        "Lexical Complexity and sentence processing",
  publisher =    "Wiley",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "43--79",
  year =         "1983",
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@Article{Cutler86,
  author =       "Anne Cutler",
  title =        "{\underline{Forbear}} is a homophone: {L}exical
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  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "201--219",
  year =         "1986",
  part =         "3",
}

@Article{Cutler88,
  author =       "Anne Cutler and Dennis Norris",
  title =        "The role of strong syllables in segmentation for
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  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception
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  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "113--121",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{CutlerCarter,
  author =       "Anne Cutler and D. M. Carter",
  title =        "The predominance of strong initial syllables in the
                 {E}nglish vocabulary",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "133--142",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{Cutting92,
  author =       "Doug Cutting and Julian Kupiec and Jan O. Pedersen and
                 Penelope Sibun",
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  title =        "A Practical Part-of-Speech Tagger",
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  pages =        "133--140",
  year =         "1992",
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@Article{Dae92,
  author =       "Walter Daelemans and Koenraad De Smedt and Gerald
                 Gazdar",
  title =        "Inheritance in Natural Language Processing",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "205--218",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Dae94,
  author =       "Walter Daelemans and Steven Gillis and Gert Durieux",
  title =        "The Acquisition of Stress: {A} Data-Oriented
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  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "421--451",
  year =         "1994",
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@InProceedings{Dagan94,
  author =       "Ido Dagan and Fernando Pereira and Lillian Lee",
  booktitle =    ACL94,
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  year =         "1994",
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@InProceedings{dahl,
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@Article{Dahlgren,
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@InProceedings{Dalrymple92,
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  year =         "1992",
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@InProceedings{DalyZue:92,
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  year =         "1992",
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@Article{Damerau64,
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@Article{DamerauMays89,
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  year =         "1989",
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@Unpublished{damsl,
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@Unpublished{damsl1,
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                 Traum and Steve Whittaker",
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@TechReport{damsl2,
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                 Marilyn A. Walker",
  title =        "Standards for Dialogue Coding in Natural Language
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  institution =  "Dagstuhl Seminars",
  year =         "1997",
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@TechReport{damsl3,
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                 Christine Nakatani and Norbert Reithinger and David
                 Traum and Syun Tutiya",
  title =        "The Report of the Third Workshop of the {Discourse}
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  number =       "No.3 CC-TR-99-1",
  institution =  "Chiba Corpus Project",
  address =      "Chiba, Japan",
  year =         "1999",
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@InProceedings{DAMSL:97,
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  booktitle =    "{AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative Action in
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  address =      "MIT, Cambridge, MA",
  month =        nov,
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@InProceedings{DanBer95,
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  publisher =    "AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA",
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  pages =        "34--39",
  year =         "1995",
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@InProceedings{Dang98,
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  year =         "1998",
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@InProceedings{Jur:icassp01,
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}

% note =         {Paper available at {http://pub.hal3.name#daume04cg-bfgs}, implementation available at {http://hal3.name/megam/}},
@Unpublished{daume04cg-bfgs,
  author =       {Hal {Daum\'e III}},
  title =        {Notes on {CG} and {LM-BFGS} Optimization of Logistic Regression},
  month =     {August},
  keywords = {ml},
  tagline = {These are notes on the <a href="megam/">implementation</a> I have written of conjugate gradient and limited memory BFGS optimization for logistic regression (aka maximum entropy) classifiers. The notes were created because it is actually quite difficult to find good references on efficient implementation of these algorithms, though discussion of them exists everywhere.},
  year =      {2004}
}

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  year =         "1962",
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@Article{Davis52,
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  pages =        "637--642",
  year =         "1952",
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@article{dechter-ai89,
 title = "Tree clustering for constraint networks",
 journal = "Artificial Intelligence",
 volume = "38",
 number = "3",
 pages = "353--366",
 year = "1989",
 note = "",
 issn = "0004-3702",
 doi = "DOI: 10.1016/0004-3702(89)90037-4",
 url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TYF-47X29TC-1Y/2/b78b8c9946ba8d782d72f515fb63e665",
 author = "Rina Dechter and Judea Pearl"
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@article{rish-dechter-2000,
 author="Rish, I. and Dechter, R.", 
 title="Resolution versus Search: Two Strategies for SAT",
 journal="Journal of Automated Reasoning", 
 issuenote="special issue on SAT",
 Volume=24,
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 pages="225--275",
 month=Januray, 
 year=2000,
 annote="discusses relation between resolution and tree width",
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 seealso="http://www.cs.duke.edu/~mlittman/topics/sat.html"
}

This is probably wrong, use Dumais90 instead -Zhao
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                 G. W. Furnas and R. A. Harshman",
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  year =         "1991",
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  year =         "1981",
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@InCollection{DeJong:82,
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  editor =       "Wendy G. Lehnert and Martin H. Ringle",
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  title =        "An Overview of the {FRUMP} System",
  publisher =    "Lawrence Erlbaum",
  address =      "New Jersey",
  pages =        "149--176",
  year =         "1982",
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@Article{DekaiCL,
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  pages =        "377--403",
  year =         "1997",
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@Article{Dell86,
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  year =         "1986",
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@Article{Dell88,
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  year =         "1988",
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  number =       "4",
  pages =        "313--349",
  year =         "1990",
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@Article{Dell97,
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  year =         "1997",
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@Article{DelMcKRat83,
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  year =         "1983",
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@misc{ demaine02approximation,
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  year = "2002",
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  quote="Much research has been done on computing and approximating the treewidth of a graph. Computing treewidth is NP complete even if we restrict the input graph to graphs of bounded degree [BT97] cocomparability graphs [ACP87,HM94], bipartite graphs [Klo93] or the complements of bipartite graphs [ACP87] On the other hand, treewidth can be computed exactly in polynomial time for chordal graphs, permutation graphs [BKK95] circular arc graphs [SSR94] circle graphs [Klo93] and distance hereditary graphs [BDK00] "
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@Article{Dem77,
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  pages =        "1--21",
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@InProceedings{Dem97,
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@PhdThesis{deMarcken,
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  year =         "1996",
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@InProceedings{deneefe-emnlp2007,
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  month     = {June},
  year      = {2007},
  address   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
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@Inproceedings{deneefe-emnlp09,
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@InProceedings{DeNero-smt2006,
  author    = {DeNero, John  and  Gillick, Dan  and  Zhang, James  and  Klein, Dan},
  title     = {Why Generative Phrase Models Underperform Surface Heuristics},
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  year      = {2006},
  address   = {New York City},
  pages     = {31--38},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W06/W06-15 5}
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@InProceedings{DeNeroBouchard-CoteKlein-2008,
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@InProceedings{DeNeroKlein-2007,
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@InProceedings{denero-bouchardcote-klein:2008:EMNLP,
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@InProceedings{denero-naacl09,
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  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Boulder, Colorado},
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@inproceedings{denero-acl10,
 author="John DeNero and Dan Klein",
 year=2010,
 title="Discriminative modeling of extraction sets for machine translation",
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}

@Article{Den90,
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  volume =       "4",
  publisher =    "Academic Press Limited",
  pages =        "345--357",
  year =         "1990",
  annotate =     "Context-dependent allophones may be used to improve
                 the performance of a 75,000 word Gaussian HMM speech
                 recognizer. Each allophone contains three parts: a left
                 phoneme, the center phoneme and a right phoneme. The
                 problem with context-dependent allophones is that they
                 require a much larger training database than context
                 independent phonemes. To overcome this problem, the
                 authors group the left and right phonemes into five
                 classes for the left context and five classes for the
                 right context. Reduced the error rate of the recognizer
                 by as much as 35\% using the context-dependent
                 allophones.",
}

@Article{Denes,
  author =       "P. Denes",
  title =        "The Design and Operation of the Mechanical Speech
                 Recognizer at {University} {College} {London}",
  journal =      "Journal of the British Institution of Radio
                 Engineers",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "219--234",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1959",
  note =         "Appears together with companion paper (Fry 1959).",
}

@Article{Deng1990,
  author =       "L. Deng and M. Lennig and F. Seitz and P.
                 Mermelstein",
  title =        "Large Vocabulary Word Recognition Using
                 Context-dependent Allophonic Hidden Markov Models",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "4",
  publisher =    "Academic Press Limited",
  pages =        "345--357",
  year =         "1990",
  annotate =     "Context-dependent allophones may be used to improve
                 the performance of a 75,000 word Gaussian HMM speech
                 recognizer. Each allophone contains three parts: a left
                 phoneme, the center phoneme and a right phoneme. The
                 problem with context-dependent allophones is that they
                 require a much larger training database than context
                 independent phonemes. To overcome this problem, the
                 authors group the left and right phonemes into five
                 classes for the left context and five classes for the
                 right context. Reduced the error rate of the recognizer
                 by as much as 35\% using the context-dependent
                 allophones.",
}

@Book{Der73,
  author =       "Bruce L. Derwing",
  title =        "Transformational Grammar as a Theory of Language
                 Acquisition",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1973",
}

@Article{DerKok95,
  author =       "Evangelos Dermatas and George Kokkinakis",
  title =        "Automatic Stochastic Tagging of Natural Language
                 Texts",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "137--164",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{DeRose:88,
  author =       "Steven J. DeRose",
  title =        "Grammatical Category Disambiguation by Statistical
                 Optimization",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "31--39",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Derwing,
  author =       "Bruce L. Derwing and Royal Skousen",
  booktitle =    BLS89,
  title =        "Real-Time Morphology",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "48--62",
  year =         "1989",
}

@TechReport{DeSmedt90,
  author =       "Koenrad De Smedt",
  title =        "Incremental sentence generation: a computer model of
                 grammatical encoding",
  number =       "90-01",
  institution =  "Nijmegen Institute for Cognition Research and
                 Information Technology",
  year =         "1990",
}

@book{devroye,
 author="Luc Devroye and Gabor Lugosi",
 title="Combinatorial Methods in Density Estimation",
 publisher="Springer",
 year=2001
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@Article{Diehl89,
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  year =         "1989",
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@InProceedings{Dienes-emnlp03,
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@Article{Dietterich98,
  author =       "Thomas G. Dietterich",
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  number =       "7",
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  year =         "1998",
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@inproceedings{Dijkstra:1979,
 author = {Dijkstra, Edsger W.},
 title = {On the Foolishness of "Natural Language Programming"},
 booktitle = {Program Construction, International Summer School},
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@InProceedings{DonzelKoopmans:96,
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  pages =        "1029--1032",
  year =         "1996",
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@InProceedings{Dowding93,
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@Article{Dowty91,
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  year =         "1991",
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@Book{Dowtywordmeaning,
  author =       "David R. Dowty",
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  year =         "1979",
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@Article{Doyle:79,
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@Article{DresherKaye90,
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  year =         "1990",
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@Article{DruHop93,
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  title =        "Back Channels Revisited: {A}cknowledgement Tokens and
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  number =       "2",
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  year =         "1993",
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@Article{DruHop93b,
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  year =         "1993",
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@article{dryer92,
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@InProceedings{dt01,
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@phdthesis{dubey-phd,
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@InCollection{DuBois93,
  author =       "John W. Du Bois and Stephan Schuetze-Coburn and
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  editor =       "Jane A. Edwards and Martin D. Lampert",
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  pages =        "45--89",
  year =         "1983",
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@InProceedings{dyer-EtAl:2010:Demos,
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  month     = {July},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Uppsala, Sweden},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {7--12},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-4002}
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@InProceedings{Collins-nips2001,
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@Article{Dumais90,
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  year =         "1990",
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@Article{Dumais91,
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@InCollection{Dun74,
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@PhdThesis{Ear68,
  author =       "Jay Earley",
  title =        "An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm",
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  year =         "1968",
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@Article{Ear70,
  author =       "Jay Earley",
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  year =         "1970",
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@InCollection{Ear97,
  author =       "Jay Earley",
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  title =        "An efficient context-free parsing algorithm",
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  month =        "1986",
  year =         "(1970)",
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@InProceedings{EckertEtAl:96,
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  booktitle =    icassp96,
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  volume =       "1",
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  year =         "1996",
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%Thompson, Sandra A. and Anthony Mulac.  1991.
%The discourse conditions for the use of the complementizer
%'that' in conversational English.  Journal of Pragmatics 15, 237-251.

@Article{EdBeckFlet91,
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@Book{EdwLam93,
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@Article{Eimas71,
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@Article{EimasEtal90,
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@InProceedings{Eisner97,
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  year =         "1997",
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@InProceedings{EisnerSatta-acl99,
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@InProceedings{eisner-satta-2000,
  author = 	 {Jason Eisner and Giorgio Satta},
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  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Tree-Adjoining
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  year = 	 2000,
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@InProceedings{eisner-smith-2005,
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  year =         2005,
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  url =          {http://cs.jhu.edu/~jason/papers/#iwpt05}
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@InProceedings{eisner-blatz-2007,
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@InProceedings{Eje,
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@InProceedings{Ejerhed96,
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@InProceedings{Elh90,
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@InCollection{eli,
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@Article{Eliza,
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@PhdThesis{Ellison-phd,
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@InProceedings{Ellison94,
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@InProceedings{EllisonOT,
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@InProceedings{Elman:89b,
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@InProceedings{EmeZaj90,
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@Article{Erman80,
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@Book{Fasold72,
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@InProceedings{FASTUS6,
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@inproceedings{feige-stoc05,
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@Book{Fellbaum98a,
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@InProceedings{Felzenszwalb-nips03,
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@TechReport{Fenstad,
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  institution =  "CSLI",
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  year =         "1985",
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@Article{FerCli86,
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  year =         "1986",
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@InCollection{Ferg75,
  author =       "Charles A. Ferguson",
  editor =       "E. Smith",
  booktitle =    "Studies in Linguistics in Honor of George L. Trager",
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  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  pages =        "259--274",
  year =         "1975",
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@InCollection{FerHen91,
  author =       "Fernanda Ferreira and John M. Henderson",
  editor =       "G. B. Simpson",
  booktitle =    "Understanding Word and Sentence",
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  publisher =    "Elsevier Science",
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  year =         "1991",
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@Misc{festival,
  author =       "Alan W. Black and Paul Taylor and Richard Caley",
  title =        "The {F}estival {S}peech {S}ynthesis {S}ystem system",
  howpublished = "Manual and source code available at
                 \verb+www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/+\linebreak\verb+projects/festival.html+",
  institution =  "{C}entre for {S}peech {T}echnology {R}esearch,
                 {U}niversity of {E}dinburgh",
  address =      "Scotland, UK",
  year =         "1996-1999",
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@InCollection{Fidelholz,
  author =       "James Fidelholz",
  booktitle =    CLS75,
  title =        "Word frequency and vowel reduction in {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  address =    "Chicago",
  pages =        "200--213",
  year =         "1975",
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@Article{FikNil71,
  author =       "Richard E. Fikes and Nils J. Nilsson",
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@InProceedings{Fillmore-checklist,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
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  year =         "1975",
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@InProceedings{Fillmore-escol,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
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  year =         "1986",
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@Article{Fillmore-frame,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
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  year =         "1985",
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@InCollection{Fillmore-framf,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
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  address =      "Seoul",
  pages =        "111--138",
  year =         "1982",
  note =         "Linguistics Society of Korea",
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@Unpublished{Fillmore-nsf:96,
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  year =         "1996",
  note =         "Submitted to CISE/IRI/Interactive Systems September
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@InProceedings{Fillmore-organization,
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                 Lexicon",
  title =        "On the Organization of Semantic Information in the
                 Lexicon",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InProceedings{Fillmore-zero,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  booktitle =    BLS86,
  title =        "Pragmatically Controlled Zero Anaphora",
  address =      "Berkeley, California",
  pages =        "95--107",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{Fillmore00,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore and Collin F. Baker",
  booktitle =    "Poster presentation, 74th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America",
  title =        "{FrameNet}: Frame Semantics Meets the Corpus",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Fillmore-naacl01,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore and Collin F. Baker",
  booktitle =    "In Proceedings of NAACL WordNet and Other Lexical Resources
Workshop",
  title =        "Frame Semantics for Text Understanding",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2001",
  address =	 "Pittsburgh"
}

@InProceedings{Fillmore-lrec98,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore and B. T. S. Atkins",
  booktitle =    "In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation",
  title =        "{FrameNet} and lexicographic relevance",
  year =         "1998",
  address =	 "Granada, Spain"
}

@Book{Fillmore65,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  title =        "Indirect Object Constructions in English and the
                 Ordering of Transformations",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1965",
}

@InCollection{Fillmore68,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  editor =       "Emmon W. Bach and Robert T. Harms",
  booktitle =    "Universals in Linguistic Theory",
  title =        "The Case for Case",
  publisher =    "Holt, Rinehart \& Winston",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "1--88",
  year =         "1968",
}

@InCollection{Fillmore71,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  editor =       "R. J. O'Brien",
  booktitle =    "22nd annual Round Table. Linguistics: developments of
                 the sixties -- viewpoints of the seventies",
  title =        "Some problems for Case grammar",
  volume =       "24",
  publisher =    "Georgetown University Press",
  address =      "Washington D.C.",
  pages =        "35--56",
  year =         "1971",
  series =       "Monograph Series on Language and Linguistics",
}

@InProceedings{Fillmore76,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  booktitle =    "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Conference
                 on the Origin and Development of Language and Speech",
  title =        "Frame semantics and the nature of language",
  volume =       "280",
  pages =        "20--32",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InCollection{Fillmore77,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  editor =       "Antonio Zampolli",
  booktitle =    "Linguistic Structures Processing",
  title =        "Scenes-and-frames semantics",
  publisher =    "North Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "55--79",
  year =         "1977",
}

@InProceedings{Fillmore78,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  editor =       "Donka Farkas and Wesley M. Jacobsen and Karol W.
                 Todrys",
  booktitle =    "Papers from the Parasession on the Lexicon",
  title =        "On the Organization of Semantic Information in the
                 Lexicon",
  publisher =    "Chicago Linguistic Society",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "148--173",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InCollection{Fillmore84,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  editor =       "Thomas G. Bever and John M. Carroll and Lance A.
                 Miller",
  booktitle =    "Talking Minds: {T}he Study of Language in Cognitive
                 Science",
  title =        "Some Thoughts on the Boundaries and Components of
                 Linguistics",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "73--108",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Unpublished{Fillmore85,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  title =        "Some Worries about Phrase Structure",
  year =         "1985",
  note =         "Lecture notes, Linguistics Group Meeting, September
                 10, 1985",
}

@InProceedings{Fillmore88a,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  booktitle =    BLS88,
  title =        "The Mechanisms of ``{C}onstruction {G}rammar''",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "35--55",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{Fillmore88b,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore and Paul Kay and M. C. O'Connor",
  title =        "Regularity and Idiomaticity in Grammatical
                 Constructions: The Case of {Let} {Alone}",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "501--538",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{Fillmore:77,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  editor =       "Peter Cole and Jerrold M. Sadock",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics Volume 8: {G}rammatical
                 Relations",
  title =        "The Case for Case Reopened",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1977",
}

@Unpublished{fillmoregrant,
  author =       "Charles J. Fillmore",
  title =        "{NSF} Proposal: Tools for Lexicon Building",
  year =         "1997",
  note =         "NSF IRI-9618838, {"}Tools for Lexicon Building{"},
                 March 1997-February 2000",
}

@InProceedings{Finke97,
  author =       "Michael Finke",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the LVCSR Hub 5 Workshop",
  title =        "The {JanusRTk} {Switchboard/CallHome} System:
                 Pronunciation Modeling",
  year =         "1996",
  date =         "April 29 - May 1, 1996",
}

@InProceedings{FinkeEtAl:aaai98,
  author =       "Michael Finke and Maria Lapata and Alon Lavie and Lori
                 Levin and Laura Mayfield Tomokiyo and Thomas Polzin and
                 Klaus Ries and Alex Waibel and Klaus Zechner",
  editor =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Nancy Green",
  booktitle =    "Applying Machine Learning to Discourse Processing.
                 Papers from the 1998 {AAAI} Spring Symposium. {\rm
                 Tech. rep. SS-98-01}",
  title =        "Clarity: Inferring Discourse Structure from Speech",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  pages =        "25--32",
  year =         "1998",
  URL =          "http://www.is.cs.cmu.edu/papers/speech/AAAI98-spring/AAAI98-spring-michael.ps.gz",
}

@InProceedings{FinkeWaibel:97,
  author =       "Michael Finke and Alex Waibel",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-97",
  title =        "Speaking mode dependent pronunciation modeling in
                 large vocabulary conversational speech recognition",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Fiscusetal99,
  author =       "Jon Fiscus and George Doddington and John Garofolo and
                 Alvin Martin",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1999 {DARPA} Broadcast News
                 Workshop",
  title =        "{NIST}'s 1998 {T}opic {D}etection and {T}racking
                 Evaluation ({TDT2})",
  organization = "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency",
  address =      "Herndon, Virginia",
  pages =        "19--24",
  month =        feb # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{Fish,
  author =       "Stanley Fish",
  title =        "Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics",
  journal =      "New Literary History",
  volume =       "II",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "123--162",
  month =        "Autumn",
  year =         "1970",
}

@Book{fisher68,
  author =       "M. F. K. Fisher",
  title =        "With Bold Knife and Fork",
  publisher =    "Paragon Books",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1968",
}

@InProceedings{Fisher95,
  author =       "David Fisher and Stephen Soderland and Joseph McCarthy
                 and Fangfang Feng and Wendy Lehnert",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding
                 Conference (MUC-6)",
  title =        "Description of the {UMass} System as Used for
                 {MUC-6}",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "127--140",
  year =         "1995",
}

@techreport{FlSe01,
    author      = {Philippe Flajolet and Robert Sedgewick},
    title       = {Analytic Combinatorics: Functional Equations, Rational and Algebraic Functions},
    number      = {4103},
    year        = {2001},
    institution = {INRIA},
    note        = {98 pages.},
}

@InProceedings{Flammia95,
  author =       "Giovanni Flammia and Victor Zue",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-95",
  title =        "Empirical evaluation of human performance and
                 agreement in parsing discourse constituents in spoken
                 dialogue",
  address =      "Madrid",
  pages =        "1965--1968",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{Flege92,
  author =       "James Emil Flege and Murray J. Munro and Laurie
                 Skelton",
  title =        "Production of the word-final {E}nglish /t/-/d/
                 contrast by native speakers of {E}nglish, {M}andarin,
                 and {S}panish",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "1",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{fleischman-emnlp03,
 author="Michael Fleischman and Namhee Kwon and Edward Hovy",
 title="Maximum Entropy Models for {FrameNet} Classification",
 booktitle=EMNLP03,
 address="Sapporo, Japan",
 year=2003
}

@InProceedings{Fli85,
  author =       "Daniel Flickinger and Carl Pollard and Thomas Wasow",
  booktitle =    ACL85,
  title =        "Structure-Sharing in Lexical Representation",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  pages =        "262--267",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
}

@PhdThesis{Flick-thesis,
  author =       "Daniel Flickinger",
  title =        "Lexical Rules in the Hierarchical Lexicon",
  school =       "Stanford University",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Flickinger:85,
  author =       "Daniel Flickinger and Carl Pollard and Thomas Wasow",
  booktitle =    ACL85,
  title =        "Structure-Sharing in Lexical Representation",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "262--267",
  month =        July,
  year =         "1985",
}

@Article{FliNer92,
  author =       "Daniel Flickinger and John Nerbonne",
  title =        "Inheritance and complementation: {A} case study of
                 easy adjectives and related nouns",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "269--310",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Flo99,
  author =       "Radu Florian and David Yarowsky",
  booktitle =    ACL99,
  title =        "Dynamic Nonlocal Language Modeling via Hierarchical
                 Topic-Based Adaptation",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "College Park, MD",
  pages =        "167--174",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InCollection{Flores93,
  author =       "G. B. Flores d'Arcais",
  editor =       "Cristina Cacciari and Patrizia Tabossi",
  booktitle =    "Idioms: {P}rocessing, Structure, and Interpretation",
  title =        "The Comprehension and Semantic Interpretation of
                 Idioms",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "New Jersey",
  pages =        "79--98",
  year =         "1993",
}

@article{flum-jacm02,
 author = {Flum, J\"{o}rg and Frick, Markus and Grohe, Martin},
 title = {Query evaluation via tree-decompositions},
 journal = {J. ACM},
 volume = {49},
 number = {6},
 year = {2002},
 issn = {0004-5411},
 pages = {716--752},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602220.602222},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@Unpublished{fn-book,
  author =       "Christopher R. Johnson and Charles J. Fillmore and
                 Esther J. Wood and Josef Ruppenhofer and Margaret Urban
                 and Miriam R. L. Petruck and Collin F. Baker",
  title =        "The {FrameNet} Project: Tools for Lexicon Building",
  year =         "2001",
  note =         "Version 0.7,
                 http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/\~{}framenet/book.html",
}

@Unpublished{fn-book-1.0,
  author =       "Christopher R. Johnson and
Charles J. Fillmore and 
Miriam R. L. Petruck and 
Collin F. Baker and 
Michael Ellsworth and 
Josef Ruppenhofer and 
Esther J. Wood",
  title =        "{FrameNet}: Theory and Practice",
  year =         "2002",
  note =         "Version 1.0,
                 http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/framenet/",
}


@Book{Fod83,
  author =       "Jerry A. Fodor",
  title =        "Modularity of Mind",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{Fod89,
  author =       "Janet Dean Fodor",
  title =        "Empty Categories in Sentence Processing",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3/4",
  pages =        "155--209",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{FodBev65,
  author =       "Jerry A. Fodor and Thomas G. Bever",
  title =        "The psychological reality of linguistic segments",
  journal =      JVLVB,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "414--420",
  year =         "1965",
}

@Book{FodBevGar,
  author =       "Jerry A. Fodor and Thomas G. Bever and Merrill F.
 Garrett",
  title =        "The Psychology of Language",
  publisher =    "McGraw-Hill",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1974",
}

@Book{FodKat64,
  author =       "Jerry A. Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz",
  title =        "The Structure of Language, Readings in The Philosophy
                 of Language",
  publisher =    "Prentice Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  year =         "1964",
}

@Article{Fodor78,
  author =       "Janet Dean Fodor",
  title =        "Parsing Strategies and Constraints on
                 Transformations",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "427--473",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InCollection{Fong91,
  author =       "Sandiway Fong",
  editor =       "Robert C. Berwick and Steven P. Abney and Carol
                 Tenny",
  booktitle =    "Principle-Based Parsing: Computation and
                 Psycholinguistics",
  title =        "The Computational Implementation of Principle-Based
                 Parsers",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "65--82",
  year =         "1991",
}

,
,
@Article{ForFoxTho96,
  author =       "C. Ford and B. Fox and S. A. Thompson",
  title =        "Practices in the construction of turns",
  journal =      "Pragmatics",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "427--454",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Unpublished{ForFoxTho96a,
  author =       "C. Ford and B. Fox and S. A. Thompson",
  title =        "Simultaneous practices of turn projection.",
  year =         "1996",
  notes =        "Talk presented at the American Anthropological
                 Association, November 21, 1996.",
}

@Article{Forney,
  author =       "G. David {Forney, Jr.}",
  title =        "The {V}iterbi Algorithm",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "268--278",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
}

@InCollection{Forster76,
  author =       "Kenneth I. Forster",
  editor =       "R. J. Wales and E. Walker",
  booktitle =    "New Approaches to Language Mechanisms",
  title =        "Accessing the mental lexicon",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InCollection{Forster90,
  author =       "Kenneth I. Forster",
  editor =       "Daniel N. Osherson and Howard Lasnik",
  booktitle =    "An Invitation to Cognitive Science Volume 1:
                 {L}anguage",
  title =        "Lexical Processing",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "95--131",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InCollection{ForTho96,
  author =       "C. Ford and S. A. Thompson",
  editor =       "E. Ochs and E. A. Schegloff and S. A. Thompson",
  booktitle =    "Interaction and Grammar",
  title =        "Interactional units in conversation: syntactic,
                 intonational, and pragmatic resources for the
                 management of turns",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "134--184",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Fos99,
  author =       "Eric Fosler-Lussier",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE ASRU Workshop",
  title =        "Contextual word and syllable pronunciation models",
  address =      "Keystone, Colorado",
  year =         "1999",
}

@PhdThesis{fosler-thesis,
  author =       "Eric Fosler-Lussier",
  title =        "Dynamic Pronunciation Models for Automatic Speech
                 Recognition",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley",
  year =         "1999",
  note =         "Reprinted as ICSI technical report TR-99-015",
}

@InProceedings{FoslerOT,
  author =       "Eric Fosler",
  booktitle =    ACL96,
  title =        "On Reversing the Generation Process in Optimality
                 Theory",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Santa Cruz, CA",
  pages =        "354--356",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{FosMor98,
  author =       "Eric Fosler-Lussier and Nelson Morgan",
  title =        "Effects of speaking rate and word frequency on
                 conversational pronunciations",
  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "137--158",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{Foss,
  author =       "Donald J. Foss",
  title =        "Some effects of ambiguity upon sentence
                 comprehension",
  journal =      "Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "457--462",
  year =         "1970",
}

@Book{FosterElegy,
  author =       "Donald W. Foster",
  title =        "Elegy by {W}.{S}.: {A} Study in Attribution",
  publisher =    "Associated University Presses",
  address =      "Cranbury, NJ",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{FosterPC,
  author =       "Donald W. Foster",
  title =        "Primary Culprit",
  journal =      "New York",
  pages =        "50--57",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "February 26",
}

@InProceedings{    Foster-emnlp02,
    author = {George Foster and Philippe Langlais and Guy Lapalme},
    title = {User-Friendly Text Prediction for Translators},
    booktitle = {Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2002)},
    year = {2002},
    address = {Philadelphia},
    month = {July},
}

@Article{FougeronKeating97,
  author =       "Cecile Fougeron and Patricia A. Keating",
  title =        "Articulatory Strengthening at edges of prosodic
                 domains",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "101",
  number =       "6",
  pages = "3728--3740",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Fowler84,
  author =       "C. A. Fowler",
  title =        "Segmentation of Coarticulated Speech in Perception",
  journal =      "Perception and Psychophysics",
  volume =       "36",
  pages =        "359--368",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{FowlerHousum87,
  author =       "Carol A. Fowler and Jonathan Housum",
  title =        "Talkers' Signaling of ``New'' and ``Old'' Words in
                 Speech and Listeners' Perception and Use of the
                 Distinction",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "489--504",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Fox85,
  author =       "R. Fox",
  title =        "Auditory Contrast and Speaker Quality Variations in
                 Vowel Perception",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "77",
  pages =        "1552--1559",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InCollection{FoxHayJas95,
  author =       "Barbara Fox and Makoto Hayashi and Robert Jasperson",
  editor =       "E. Ochs and E. A. Schegloff and S. A. Thompson",
  booktitle =    "Interaction and Grammar",
  title =        "A Cross-Linguistic Study of Syntax and Repair",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "In press",
}

@InCollection{FoxJas95,
  author =       "Barbara Fox and Robert Jasperson",
  editor =       "P. Davis",
  booktitle =    "Descriptive and Theoretical Modes in the Alternative
                 Linguistics",
  title =        "A syntactic exploration of repair in {E}nglish
                 conversation",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "77--134",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "In press",
}

@Article{FoxTree97,
  author =       "Fox~Tree, Jean E. and Herbert H. Clark",
  title =        "Pronouncing ``the'' as ``thee'' to signal problems in
                 speaking",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "62",
  pages =        "151--167",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Fra70,
  author =       "Bruce Fraser",
  title =        "Idioms within a transformational grammar",
  journal =      "Foundations of Language",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "22--42",
  year =         "1970",
}

@Book{Fra76,
  author =       "Bruce Fraser",
  title =        "The Verb-Particle Combination in {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InCollection{Fra87,
  author =       "Lyn Frazier",
  editor =       "Jay L. Garfield",
  booktitle =    "Modularity in knowledge representation and
                 natural-language understanding",
  title =        "Theories of Sentence Processing",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "291--307",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Book{Fra96,
  author =       "Alexander Franz",
  title =        "Automatic Ambiguity Resolution in Natural Language
                 Processing",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Berlin",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Fra97,
  author =       "Alexander Franz",
  booktitle =    ACL97,
  title =        "Independence Assumptions Considered Harmful",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Madrid, Spain",
  pages =        "182--189",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{FraCliRan83,
  author =       "L. Frazier and C. Clifton and J. Randall",
  title =        "Filling gaps: Decision principles and structure in
                 sentence comprehension",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  pages =        "187--222",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{FraGil91,
  author =       "Norman M. Fraser and G. Nigel Gilbert",
  title =        "Simulating Speech Systems",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "81--99",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{FraHud92,
  author =       "Norman M. Fraser and Richard A. Hudson",
  title =        "Inheritance in Word Grammar",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "133--158",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Book{FraKuc82,
  author =       "W. Nelson Francis and Henry Ku{\v{c}}era",
  title =        "Frequency Analysis of {E}nglish Usage",
  publisher =    "Houghton Mifflin",
  address =      "Boston",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{Francis80,
  author =       "W. Nelson Francis",
  editor =       "Sidney Greenbaum and Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik",
  booktitle =    "Studies in {E}nglish linguistics for Randolph Quirk",
  title =        "A tagged corpus -- problems and prospects",
  publisher =    "Longman",
  address =      "London and New York",
  pages =        "192--209",
  year =         "1979",
}

@InProceedings{Francis99,
  author =       "Hartwell S. Francis and Michelle L. Gregory and Laura
                 A. Michaelis",
  booktitle =    CLS99,
  title =        "Are Lexical Subjects Deviant?",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  year =         "1999",
}

@PhdThesis{Frank92,
  author =       "Robert Frank",
  title =        "Syntactic Locality and Tree Adjoining Grammar:
                 Grammatical, Acquisition and Processing Perspectives",
  school =       "University of Pennsylvania",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  year =         "1992",
}

@article{fraser-cl07,
 author = {Fraser, Alexander and Marcu, Daniel},
 title = {Measuring Word Alignment Quality for Statistical Machine Translation},
 journal = {Computational Linguistics},
 volume = {33},
 number = {3},
 year = {2007},
 issn = {0891-2017},
 pages = {293--303},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.2007.33.3.293},
 publisher = {MIT Press},
 address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
}

@Article{FraRayn,
  author =       "Lyn Frazier and Keith Rayner",
  title =        "Resolution of syntactic category ambiguities: {E}ye
                 movements in parsing lexically ambiguous sentences",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "505--526",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{FraSat99,
  author =       "Robert Frank and Giorgio Satta",
  title =        "Optimality Theory and the Generative Complexity of
                 Constraint Violability",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  year =         "1999",
  note =         "To appear.",
}

@InCollection{Fraz-colt,
  author =       "Lyn Frazier",
  editor =       "M. Coltheart",
  booktitle =    "Attention and Performance {XII}",
  title =        "Sentence Processing: {A} Tutorial Review",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "559--586",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Frazer91,
  author =       "N. M. Frazer and G. N. Gilbert",
  title =        "Simulating Speech Systems",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "81--99",
  year =         "1991",
}

@PhdThesis{Frazier-thesis,
  author =       "Lyn Frazier",
  title =        "On Comprehending Sentences: {S}yntactic Parsing
                 Strategies",
  school =       "University of Connecticut",
  address =      "Connecticut",
  year =         "1978",
  note =         "Dissertation distributed by the Indiana University
                 Linguistics Club",
}

@Article{Frazier78,
  author =       "Lyn Frazier and Janet Dean Fodor",
  title =        "The sausage machine: {A} new two-stage parsing model",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "291--295",
  year =         "1978",
}

@incollection{Frazier85,
 author="Frazier, Lyn",
 year=1985,
 title="Syntactic complexity",
 editor="D. Dowty and L. Karttunen and A. Zwicky",
 booktitle="Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational, and Theoretical Perspectives",
 publisher="Cambridge University Press",
 address="Cambridge",
 pages="129--189"
}

@Article{Frazier95,
  author =       "Lyn Frazier",
  title =        "Constraint Satisfaction as a Theory of Sentence
                 Processing",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "437--468",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Freund93,
  author =       "Y. Freund and M. Kearns and D. Ron and R. Rubinfeld
                 and R. Schapire and L. Sellie",
  booktitle =    "Proc. 25rd ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing",
  title =        "Efficient Learning of Typical Finite Automata from
                 Random Walks",
  pages =        "315--324",
  year =         "1993",
}

@article{Friedman01,
  author="C. Friedman and P. Kra and H. Yu and M. Krauthammer and A. Rzhetsky",
  title="{GENIES}: a natural-language processing system for the extraction of molecular pathways from journal articles",
  journal="Bioinformatics",
  volume=17,
  year=2001,
  publisher="Oxford University Press",
}

@Book{Friedl97,
  author =       "Jeffrey E. F. Friedl",
  title =        "Master Regular Expressions",
  publisher =    "O'Reilly",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Friedman75,
  author =       "Joyce Friedman",
  title =        "Computer Exploration of Fast Speech Rules",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "100--103",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
}

@InCollection{Fro,
  author =       "Victoria Fromkin and Nan Bernstein Ratner",
  editor =       "Jean Berko Gleason and Nan Bernstein Ratner",
  booktitle =    "Psycholinguistics",
  title =        "Speech Production",
  publisher =    "Harcourt Brace",
  address =      "Fort Worth, TX",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{Fromkin71,
  author =       "V. Fromkin",
  title =        "The Nonanomalous Nature of Anomalous Utterances",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "47",
  pages =        "27--52",
  year =         "1971",
}

@Article{Fry,
  author =       "D. B. Fry",
  title =        "Theoretical Aspects of Mechanical Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "Journal of the British Institution of Radio
                 Engineers",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "211--218",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1959",
  note =         "Appears together with companion paper (Denes 1959).",
}

@Article{FryEtal62,
  author =       "D. Fry and A. Abramson and P. D. Eimas and A. M.
                 Liberman",
  title =        "The Identification and Discrimination of Synthetic
                 Vowels",
  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "171--189",
  year =         "1962",
}

@Book{Fu74,
  author =       "K. S. Fu",
  title =        "Syntactic Methods in Pattern Recognition",
  volume =       "112",
  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1974",
  series =       "Mathematics in science and engineering",
}

@InProceedings{Fuji84,
  author =       "Tetsunosuke Fujisaki",
  booktitle =    COLING84,
  title =        "A Stochastic Approach to Sentence Parsing",
  publisher =    "Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, California",
  pages =        "16--19",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InCollection{Fuji91,
  author =       "T. Fujisaki and Frederick Jelinek and J. Cocke and E.
 Black",
  editor =       "Masaru Tomita",
  booktitle =    "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Parsing Method for Sentence
                 Disambiguation",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Boston",
  pages =        "139--152",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{FujimuraLovins82,
  author =       "O. Fujimura and J. Lovins",
  editor =       "A. Bell and J. B. Hooper",
  booktitle =    "Syllables and Segments",
  title =        "Syllables as Concatenative Units",
  publisher =    "North-Holland Publishing Company",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "107--120",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{Fujisaki91,
  author =       "T. Fujisaki and Frederick Jelinek and J. Cocke and E.
                 Black and T. Nishino",
  editor =       "Masaru Tomita",
  booktitle =    "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Parsing Method for Sentence
                 Disambiguation",
  chapter =      "10",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic",
  address =      "Boston",
  pages =        "139--152",
  year =         "1991",
  annote =       "Discusses estimation of probabilities for a given CFG
                 and parsing with it. Uses a simplified (exponential
                 time) version of inside/outside algorithm that
                 enumerates all parses. Parsing computes Viterbi and
                 inside probabilities. Disambiguation work by picking
                 maximum posterior probability parses. Examples are
                 Kuno's English grammar and Japanese NP
                 disambiguation.",
}

@Conference{fujisaki:97,
  author =       "Hiroya Fujisaki and S. Ohno",
  booktitle =    "ESCA workshop on Intonation: Theory Models and
                 Applications",
  title =        "Comparison and assessment of models in the study of
                 fundamental frequency contours of speech",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{furstenau-eacl09,
 author="Hagen F{\"u}rstenau and Mirella Lapata",
 title="Semi-Supervised Semantic Role labeling",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the European Chapter of the ACL",
 pages="220--228",
 year=2009
}

@InProceedings{gabbard-naacl06,
  author    = {Gabbard, Ryan  and  Kulick, Seth  and  Marcus, Mitchell},
  title     = {Fully Parsing the {Penn Treebank}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Main Conference},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2006},
  address   = {New York City, USA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {184--191},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N/N06/N06-1024}
}

@InProceedings{Gahl98,
  author =       "Susanne Gahl",
  title =        "Automatic extraction of Subcorpora based on
                 Subcategorization Frames from a Part-of-Speech tagged
                 Corpus",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "428--432",
  year =         "1998",
  booktitle =    ACL98,
}

@InProceedings{Gaizauskas95,
  author =       "R. Gaizauskas and T. Wakao and K. Humphreys and H.
                 Cunningham and Y. Wilks",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding
                 Conference (MUC-6)",
  title =        "University of {S}heffield: {D}escription of the
                 {LaSIE} System as used for {MUC-6}",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "207--220",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{GalChuYar92,
  author =       "William A. Gale and Kenneth Ward Church and David
                 Yarowsky",
  booktitle =    ACL92,
  title =        "Estimating Upper and Lower Bounds on the Performance
                 of Word-Sense Disambiguation Programs",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Newark, DE",
  pages =        "249--256",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{GalChuYar93,
  author =       "William A. Gale and Kenneth Ward Church and David
                 Yarowsky",
  title =        "A method for disambiguating word senses in a large
                 corpus",
  journal =      "Computers and the Humanities",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "415--439",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{GaleChurch:94,
  author =       "William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church",
  editor =       "Nelleke Oostdijk and Pieter de Haan",
  booktitle =    "Corpus-based Research into Language",
  title =        "What is wrong with adding one?",
  publisher =    "Rodopi",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "189--198",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{galley-manning-naacl10,
  author    = {Galley, Michel  and  Manning, Christopher D.},
  title     = {Accurate Non-Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation},
  booktitle = {Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Los Angeles, California},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {966--974},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N10-1140}
}


@book{Garey79,
 author = "Michael Garey and David Johnson",
 title = "Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness",
 publisher = "W.H. Freeman and Company",
 year = "1979",
 address = "New York",
}

@InCollection{Gar75,
  author =       "M. F. Garrett",
  editor =       "G. H. Bower",
  booktitle =    "The Psychology of Learning and Motivation",
  title =        "The Analysis of Sentence Production",
  volume =       "9",
  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1975",
}

@Book{Gar97,
  author =       "Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Anthony McEnery",
  title =        "Corpus Annotation",
  publisher =    "Longman",
  address =      "London and New York",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Book{Garfield87,
  editor =       "Jay L. Garfield",
  title =        "Modularity in knowledge representation and natural
                 language understanding.",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{Garner,
  author =       "P. N. Garner and S. R. Browning and R. K. Moore and R.
                 J. Russell",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "A theory of word frequencies and its application to
                 dialogue move recognition",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "1880--1883",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{Garnsey97,
  author =       "S. M Garnsey and N. J. Pearlmutter and E. Myers and M.
                 A. Lotocky",
  title =        "The contributions of verb bias and plausibility to the
                 comprehension of temporarily ambiguous sentences",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "37",
  pages =        "58--93",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InCollection{Garrett75,
  author =       "M. F. Garrett",
  editor =       "G. H. Bower",
  booktitle =    "The Psychology of Learning and Motivation",
  title =        "The Analysis of Sentence Production",
  volume =       "9",
  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1975",
}

@InCollection{GarSan1981,
  author =       "Simon Garrod and Anthony Sanford",
  editor =       "John Long and Alan Baddeley",
  booktitle =    "Attention and Performance {IX}",
  title =        "Bridging Inferences and the Extended Domain of
                 Reference",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "331--346",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Article{GarSan85,
  author =       "Simon Garrod and Anthony Sanford",
  title =        "On the real-time character of interpretation during
                 reading",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "43--59",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{GarSan90,
  author =       "Simon Garrod and Anthony Sanford",
  editor =       "D. A. Balota and G. B. {Flores d'Arcais} and K.
                 Rayner",
  booktitle =    "Comprehension Processes in Reading",
  title =        "Referential Processes in Reading: Focusing on Roles
                 and Individuals",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "New Jersey",
  pages =        "465--485",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InCollection{Garside,
  author =       "Roger Garside",
  editor =       "Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Geoffrey
                 Sampson",
  booktitle =    "The Computational Analysis of {E}nglish",
  title =        "The {CLAWS} word-tagging system",
  publisher =    "Longman",
  address =      "London",
  pages =        "30--41",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{Garside94,
  author =       "G. Leech and R. Garside and M. Bryant",
  booktitle =    COLING94,
  title =        "{CLAWS4}: The tagging of the {B}ritish {N}ational
                 {C}orpus",
  address =      "Kyoto",
  pages =        "622--628",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{GarTanCha89,
  author =       "Susan M. Garnsey and Michael K. Tanenhaus and Robert
                 M. Chapman",
  title =        "Evoked potentials and the study of sentence
                 comprehension",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--60",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Unpublished{Gasser1993,
  author =       "Michael Gasser",
  title =        "Learning Words in Time: Towards a Modular
                 Connectionist Account of the Acquisition of Receptive
                 Morphology",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "Draft",
}

@inproceedings{GAVRIL-SomeNP-completeProblemsOnGraphs1977,
  title={{Some NP-complete problems on graphs}},
  author={Gavril, F.},
  booktitle={Proc. 11th Conf. on Information Sciences and Systems},
  year={1977}
}

@PhdThesis{Gawron,
  author =       "Jean Mark Gawron",
  title =        "Lexical Representations and the Semantics of
                 Complementation",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{Gaz81,
  author =       "Gerald Gazdar",
  title =        "Unbounded dependencies and coordinate structure",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "155--184",
  year =         "1981",
}

@InCollection{Gaz82,
  author =       "Gerald Gazdar",
  editor =       "Pauline Jacobson and Geoffrey K. Pullum",
  booktitle =    "The Nature of Syntactic Representation",
  title =        "Phrase structure grammar",
  publisher =    "Reidel",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "131--186",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Gaz88,
  author =       "Gerald Gazdar and Geoffrey K. Pullum and Bob Carpenter
                 and Ewan Klein and Thomas E. Hukari and Robert D.
                 Levine",
  title =        "Category Structures",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--19",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{Gazdar81,
  author =       "G. Gazdar",
  editor =       "Aravind Joshi and Bonnie Webber and Ivan Sag",
  booktitle =    "Elements of discourse understanding",
  title =        "Speech Act Assignment",
  pages =        "64--83",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Book{gazdarmellish,
  author =       "Gerald Gazdar and Chris Mellish",
  title =        "Natural Language Processing in {LISP}",
  publisher =    "Addison Wesley",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{Gel88,
  author =       "R. Geluykens",
  title =        "On the myth of rising intonation in polar questions",
  journal =      "Journal of Pragmatics",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "467--485",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{GelSwe:93,
  author =       "R. Geluykens and M. Swerts",
  booktitle =    "Working Papers 41, Proc. ESCA Workshop on Prosody",
  title =        "Local and global prosodic cues to discourse
                 organization in dialogues",
  address =      "Lund, Sweden",
  pages =        "108--111",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Geluykens:88,
  author =       "Ronald Geluykens",
  title =        "On the Myth of Rising Intonation in Polar Questions",
  journal =      "Journal of Pragmatics",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "467--485",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Geman-acl02,
 author="Stuart Geman and Mark Johnson",
 title="Dynamic programming for parsing and estimation of stochastic unification-based grammars",
 booktitle=ACL02,
 year=2002,
 url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P02/P02-1036.pdf",
}

@article{Geman-IEEEPAMI84,
 author = "Stuart Geman and Donald Geman",
 journal = "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence", 
 pages = "721-741",
 title = "Stochastic Relaxation, {Gibbs} Distribution, and the {Bayesian} Restoration of Images",
 volume = "PAMI-6",
 number = 6,
 month = "November",
 year = 1984,
}

@InCollection{Ger82,
  author =       "Anatole V. Gershman",
  editor =       "Wendy G. Lehnert and Martin H. Ringle",
  booktitle =    "Strategies for Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "A framework for conceptual analyzers",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale",
  pages =        "177--201",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InProceedings{getoor-icml01,
 title="Learning Probabilistic Models of Relational Structure",
 author="Lise Getoor and Nir Friedman and Daphne Koller and Ben Taskar",
 Abstract={
Most real-world data is stored in relational form. In contrast, most statistical learning methods work with "flat" data representations, forcing us to convert our data into a form that loses much of the relational structure. The recently introduced framework of probabilistic relational models (PRMs) allows us to represent probabilistic models over multiple entities that utilize the relations between them. In this paper, we propose the use of probabilistic models not only for the attributes in a relational model, but for the relational structure itself. We propose two mechanisms for modeling structural uncertainty: reference uncertainty and existence uncertainty. We describe the appropriate conditions for using each model and present learning algorithms for each. We present experimental results showing that the learned models can be used to predict relational structure and, moreover, the observed relational structure can be used to provide better predictions for the attributes in the model.},

 booktitle="Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)", 
 address="Williams College", 
 month=June,
 year=2001
}


@Article{gevins1984,
  author =       "A. S. Gevins and N. H. Morgan",
  title =        "Ignorance-Based Systems",
  journal =      "Proceedings Int'l Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech, and
                 Signal Processing",
  pages =        "39A.5.1--39A.5.4",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Book{GGreen,
  author =       "Georgia M. Green",
  title =        "Semantics and Syntactic Regularity",
  publisher =    "Indiana University Press",
  address =      "Bloomington",
  year =         "1974",
}

@InProceedings{Ghitza1987,
  author =       "Oded Ghitza",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Intl.\ Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing",
  title =        "Robustness Against Noise: The Role of Timing-Synchrony
                 Measurement",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Dallas",
  pages =        "2372--2375",
  year =         "1987",
  annotate =     "In this papar, Ghitza describes an auditory model
                 which has two stages of processing. The first stage is
                 a bank of 85 filters equally spaced on a log frequency
                 scale simulating the cochlea. The filters cover the
                 frequency range from 200 Hz to 3.2 kHz. The second
                 stage performs timing synchrony measurement. This model
                 was applied to a speaker dependent isolated-word speech
                 recognition task. Results showed an advantage for the
                 EIH model over traditional Fourier power spectrum for
                 noisy speech. For noise-free speech, the two systems
                 were not significantly different.",
}

@Article{Gib98,
  author =       "Edward Gibson",
  title =        "Linguistic complexity: Locality of syntactic
                 dependencies",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "68",
  pages =        "1--76",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{Gibbs84,
  author =       "Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr}",
  title =        "Literal meaning and psychological theory",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "275--304",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{GibbsNayak89,
  author =       "Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr} and Nandini P. Nayak",
  title =        "Psycholinguistic Studies on the Syntactic Behavior of
                 Idioms",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "100--139",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{GibNayCut89,
  author =       "Raymond W. {Gibbs, Jr} and Nandini P. Nayak and Cooper
                 Cutting",
  title =        "How to Kick the Bucket and Not Decompose:
                 {A}nalyzability and Idiom Processing",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "576--593",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InCollection{GibPea94,
  author =       "Edward Gibson and Neal J. Pearlmutter",
  editor =       "Charles {Clifton, Jr.} and Lyn Frazier and Keith
                 Rayner",
  booktitle =    "Perspectives on Sentence Processing",
  title =        "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Psycholinguistic
                 Constraints on Preposition-Phrase Attachment",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "181--198",
  year =         "1994",
  editors =      "Clifton, Jr, Charles and Lyn Frazier and Keith
                 Rayner",
  publisher =    LEA,
}

@Article{GibSchSal,
  author =       "Edward Gibson and Carson {Sch\"{u}tze} and Ariel
                 Salomon",
  title =        "The relationship between the frequency and the
                 processing complexity of linguistic structure",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--92",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Gibson:90-acl,
  author =       "Edward Gibson",
  booktitle =    ACL90,
  title =        "Memory Capacity and Sentence Processing",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Gibson:90-cogsci,
  author =       "Edward Gibson",
  booktitle =    cogsci:90,
  title =        "Recency Preference and Garden-Path Effects",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "372--379",
  year =         "1990",
}

@PhdThesis{Gibson:91-thesis,
  author =       "Edward Gibson",
  title =        "A Computational Theory of Human Linguistic Processing:
                 {M}emory Limitations and Processing Breakdown",
  school =       "Carnegie Mellon University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  year =         "1991",
}

@article{Gilbert84,
 author="John R. Gilbert and Joan P. Hutchison and Robert E. Tarjan",
 title="A Separator Theorem for Graphs of Bounded Genus",
 journal="Journal of Algorithms",
 volume=5,
 pages="391--407",
 year=1984,
 annote="if graph of n vertices can be drawn on surface of genus g, separator set of O(\sqrt{ng}) vertices divides graph roughly in half"
}

@TechReport{Gildea,
  author =       "Dan Gildea and Dan Jurafsky",
  title =        "Automatic Induction of Finite State Transducers for
                 Simple Phonological Rules",
  number =       "TR-94-052",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Gildea-acl,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    ACL95,
  title =        "Automatic Induction of Finite State Transducers for
                 Simple Phonological Rules",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "9--15",
  year =         "1995",
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-acl95-fst.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{gildea-acl00,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    ACL00,
  title =        "Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles",
  address =      "Hong Kong",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "512--520",
  year =         "2000",
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-acl00.pdf"
}

@Article{Gildea-cl,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "Learning Bias and Phonological Rule Induction",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "497--530",
  year =         "1996",
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-cl96.pdf"
}

@TechReport{Gildea-TR01,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles",
  number =       "TR-01-005",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, California",
  month =        April,
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{GildeaHofmann99,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Thomas Hofmann",
  booktitle =    Eurospeech99,
  title =        "Topic-Based Language Models Using {EM}",
  address =      "Budapest",
  pages =        "2167--2170",
  year =         "1999",
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea_hofmann_99.ps"
}

@InProceedings{GildeaJurafsky00,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    ACL00,
  title =        "Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles",
  organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  address =      "Hong Kong",
  pages =        "512--520",
  year =         "2000",
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-acl00.ps"
}

@InProceedings{Gildea-ijcai01,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    "Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-01)",
  title =        "Identifying Semantic Roles in Text",
  address =      "Seattle, Washington",
  year =         "2001",
  note = "Appears as chapter in \emph{Exploring Artificial Intelligence in the New Millenium}, Gerhard Lakemeyer and Bernhard Nebel, eds., Morgan Kaufmann, 2003",
}

@article{GildeaJurafsky02,
  author =      "Daniel Gildea and Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =       "Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles",
  journal =     "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =      "28",
  number =	"3",
  pages =	"245--288",
  year =        "2002",
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-cl02.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Gildea-coling02,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Probabilistic Models of Verb-Argument Structure",
  booktitle =      COLING02,
  pages =	 "308--314",
  address =	 "Taipei",
  year =         "2002",
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-coling02.ps"
}

@InProceedings{Gildea-emnlp03,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Julia Hockenmaier",
  title =        "Identifying Semantic Roles Using {Combinatory} {Categorial} {Grammar}",
  booktitle =    EMNLP03,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan",
  year =         "2003",
  pages="57--64",
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-emnlp03.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{GildeaSheikh96,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Mikael Sheikh",
  title =        "Applications of Technology in Providing Transit Information",
  booktitle =      "Transportation Research Record 1521",
  pages =	 "71--76",
  address = "Washington, DC",
  year =         "1996",
  url= "http://www.transitinfo.org/Other/OLD/Survey/95-05/paper.html"
}

@InProceedings{GildeaStefankovic07,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Daniel \v{S}tefankovi\v{c}",
  title =        "Worst-Case Synchronous Grammar Rules",
  booktitle =      NAACL07,
  year =         "2007",
  pages     = {147--154},
  location="Rochester, NY",
  url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/gildea-stefankovic-naacl07.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{GildeaTemperley07,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and David Temperley",
  title =        "Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length",
  booktitle =      ACL07,
  year =         "2007",
  pages = "184-191",      
  address="Prague",            
  url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/gildea-temperley-acl07.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{gildea-naacl10,
  author="Daniel Gildea",
  title="Optimal Parsing Strategies for {Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems}",
  booktitle=NAACL10,
  pages     = {769--776},
  url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/gildea-naacl10.pdf",
  slides="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/gildea-naacl10-slides.pdf",
  year=2010,
}

@article{gildea-cl11,
  author = {Daniel Gildea},
  title = {Grammar Factorization by Tree Decomposition},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1},
  pages = {231--248},
  year = {2011},
  doi = {10.1162/coli_a_00040},
  URL = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/coli_a_00040},
}

@InCollection{GilSop96,
  author =       "Elizabeth Gilboy and Josep M. Sopena",
  editor =       "Manuel Carreiras and Jos{\'{e}} E. {Garc\'{\i}a}-Albea
                 and {N\'{u}ria} {Sebasti\'{a}n}-{Gall\'{e}s}",
  booktitle =    "Language Processing in Spanish",
  title =        "Segmentation Effects in the Processing of Complex
                 {NP}s with Relative Clauses",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "191--206",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Book{Givon90,
  author =       "Talmy Giv\'{o}n",
  title =        "Syntax: {A} functional typological introduction",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Unpublished{Glennie60,
  author =       "A. Glennie",
  title =        "On the syntax machine and the construction of a
                 universal compiler",
  year =         "1960",
  note =         "Tech. rep. No. 2, Contr. NR 049-141, Carnegie Mellon
                 University (at the time Carnegie Institute of
                 Technology), Pittsburgh, PA$\dag$",
}

@Article{GluKreRho86,
  author =       "S. Glucksberg and R. J. Kreuz and S. H. Rho",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory,
                 and Cognition",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "323--335",
  year =         "1986",
  title =        "Context can constrain lexical access: {I}mplications
                 for models of language comprehension",
}

@InCollection{glymour98,
  author =       "C. Glymour and P. W. Cheng",
  editor =       "Mike Oaksford and Nick Chater",
  booktitle =    "Rational Models of Cognition",
  title =        "Causal mechanism and probability: {A} normative
                 approach",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  pages =        "296--313",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{GMarcus95,
  author =       "Gary F. Marcus and Ursula Brinkman and Harald Clahsen
                 and Richard Wiese and Steven Pinker",
  title =        "German Inflection: The Exception that Proves the
                 Rule",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "189--256",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Goddeau92,
  author =       "David Goddeau",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "Using Probabilistic Shift-Reduce Parsing in Speech
                 Recognition Systems",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "I.321--324",
  year =         "1992",
}

%   address =   {San Francisco},

@InProceedings{Godfrey92,
  author =       "J. Godfrey and E. Holliman and J. McDaniel",
  booktitle =    icassp92,
  title =        "{SWITCHBOARD}: {T}elephone speech corpus for research
                 and development",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "517--520",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{gogate-dechter-uai04,
 author="Vibhav Gogate and Rina Dechter",
 title="A Complete Anytime Algorithm for Treewidth",
 booktitle="Proc.\ UAI",
 year=2004,
 annote="branch and bound using minor-min-width lower bound"
}

@InCollection{Gol93intro,
  author =       "John Goldsmith",
  editor =       "John Goldsmith",
  booktitle =    "The Last Phonological Rule",
  title =        "Introduction",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "1--20",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{Gold93y,
  author =       "John Goldsmith",
  editor =       "John Goldsmith",
  booktitle =    "The Last Phonological Rule",
  title =        "Harmonic Phonology",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "21--60",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{goldsmith-hclnlp,
  author = {John A. Goldsmith},
  title = {Segmentation and Morphology},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing},
  editor = {Alex Clark and Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {2010}
}

@InProceedings{Goldberg89,
  author =       "Adele E. Goldberg",
  booktitle =    BLS89,
  title =        "A Unified Account of the {E}nglish Ditransitive",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Goldberg91a,
  author =       "Adele E. Goldberg",
  booktitle =    cogsci:91,
  title =        "On the Problems with Lexical Rule Accounts of Argument
                 Structure",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "729--733",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Goldberg91b,
  author =       "Adele E. Goldberg",
  title =        "A Semantic Account of Resultatives",
  journal =      "Linguistic Analysis",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "66--96",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Goldberg92,
  author =       "Adele E. Goldberg",
  title =        "The Inherent Semantics of Argument Stucture: the Case
                 of the {E}nglish Ditransitive Construction",
  journal =      "Cognitive Linguistics",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "37--74",
  year =         "1992",
}

@book{goldberg-06,
  author="Adele E. Goldberg",
  title="Constructions at Work", 
  publisher="Oxford University Press",
  address="Oxford, UK",
  year=2006,
}


@Article{Golden86,
  author =       "R. M. Golden",
  title =        "The {'Brain-State-in-a-Box'} Neural Model is a
                 Gradient Descent Algorithm",
  journal =      "Journal of Mathematical Psychology",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "73--80",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{Golding95,
  author =       "Andrew R. Golding",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora",
  title =        "A Bayesian hybrid method for context-sensitive
                 spelling correction",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Boston, MA",
  pages =        "39--53",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{GoldingRo99,
  author =       "A. R. Golding and D. Roth",
  title =        "A Winnow based approach to Context-Sensitive Spelling
                 Correction",
  journal =      "Machine Learning",
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "1-3",
  pages =        "107--130",
  year =         "1999",
  note =         "Special Issue on Machine Learning and Natural
                 Language.",
}

@InProceedings{GoldingSchabes96,
  author =       "Andrew R. Golding and Yves Schabes",
  booktitle =    ACL96,
  title =        "Combining Trigram-based and Feature-based Methods for
                 Context-Sensitive Spelling {CO}rrection",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Santa Cruz, CA",
  pages =        "71--78",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{Goldman:93,
  author =       "Robert P. Goldman and Eugene Charniak",
  title =        "A Language for Construction of Belief Networks",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "196--208",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  annote =       "Predicate-calculus-like description language for
                 specification of Bayesian networks. Network structure
                 is dynamically added by quantifying over knowledge base
                 of existing network nodes. Probability matrices are
                 generated from single link conditional probabilities
                 and canonical interaction models, e.g., noisy-or,
                 noisy-one-of. Application to NL interpretation uses
                 heuristics like incremental evaluation and pruning
                 (committing variable values).",
}

@Unpublished{Goldsmith00,
  author =       "John Goldsmith",
  title =        "Unsupervised Learning of the Morphology of a Natural
                 Language",
  year =         "2000",
  note =         "Manuscript",
}

@Book{Goldsmith93,
  editor =       "John Goldsmith",
  title =        "The Last Phonological Rule",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{Goldsmith93-Harmony,
  author =       "John Goldsmith",
  editor =       "John Goldsmith",
  booktitle =    "The Last Phonological Rule",
  title =        "Harmonic Phonology",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "21--60",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{Goldsmith95,
  author =       "John Goldsmith",
  booktitle =    "The Handbook of Phonological Theory",
  title =        "Phonological Theory",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford",
  pages =        "1--23",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Book{GoldsmithHandbook,
  editor =       "John Goldsmith",
  title =        "The Handbook of Phonological Theory",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1995",
}

@PhdThesis{Goldsmiththesis,
  author =       "John Goldsmith",
  title =        "Autosegmental Phonology",
  school =       "MIT",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1976",
}

@Book{GolMor00,
  author =       "Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan",
  title =        "Speech and Audio Signal Processing",
  publisher =    "Wiley Press",
  year =         "1999",
}

@book{golub-book96,
 author = {Golub, Gene H. and Van Loan, Charles F.},
 title = {Matrix Computations (3rd edition)},
 year = {1996},
 isbn = {0-8018-5414-8},
 publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
 address = {Baltimore, MD, USA},
 }


@InProceedings{gomez-naacl09,
  author="Carlos G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'i}guez and Marco Kuhlmann and Giorgio Satta and David Weir",
  title="Optimal Reduction of Rule Length in {Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems}",
  booktitle=NAACL09,
  year=2009,
  pages="539-547",
}

@InProceedings{gomez-eacl09,
  author="Carlos G{\'o}mez-Rodr{\'i}guez and David Weir and John Carroll",
  title="Parsing Mildly Non-Projective Dependency Structures",
  booktitle=EACL09,
  year=2009,
  pages="291-299",
}

@InProceedings{gomez-naacl10,
  author    = {G\'{o}mez-Rodr\'{i}guez, Carlos  and  Kuhlmann, Marco  and  Satta, Giorgio},
  title     = {Efficient Parsing of Well-Nested Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems},
  booktitle = {Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Los Angeles, California},
  pages     = {276--284},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N10-1035}
}

@InCollection{Goo79,
  author =       "C. Goodwin",
  editor =       "G. Psathas",
  booktitle =    "Everyday Language",
  title =        "The interactional construction of a sentence in
                 natural conversation",
  publisher =    "Irvington",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "97--121",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Book{Goo81,
  author =       "C Goodwin",
  title =        "Conversational Organization",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1981",
}

@InCollection{GooBut80,
  author =       "David A. Good and Brian L. Butterworth",
  editor =       "Hans W. Dechert and Manfred Raupach",
  booktitle =    "Temporal Variables in Speech: Studies in Honour of
                 Frieda Goldman-Eisler",
  title =        "Hesitancy as a conversational resource: some
                 methodological implications",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  pages =        "146--152",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{Good,
  author =       "I. J. Good",
  title =        "The Population Frequencies of species and the
                 estimation of population parameters",
  journal =      "Biometrika",
  volume =       "40",
  pages =        "16--264",
  year =         "1953",
}

@Article{Good84,
  author =       "Michael D. Good and John A. Whiteside and Dennis R.
                 Wixon and Sandra J. Jones",
  title =        "Building a User-Derived Interface",
  journal =      CACM,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1032--1043",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1984",
}

@InCollection{Good96,
  author =       "Charles Goodwin",
  editor =       "Elinor Ochs and Emanuel A. Schegloff and Sandra A.
                 Thompson",
  booktitle =    "Interaction and Grammar",
  title =        "Transparent Vision",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  pages = "370-404",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{Good:53,
  author =       "I. J. Good",
  title =        "The Population Frequencies of Species and the
                 Estimation of Population Parameters",
  journal =      "Biometrika",
  volume =       "40",
  pages =        "237--264",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1953",
  annote =       "Original account of the Good-Turing smoothing
                 method.",
}

@InProceedings{Goodine91,
  author =       "David Goodine and Stephanie Seneff and Lynette
                 Hirschman and Michael Phillips",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of Eurospeech 91",
  title =        "Full Integration of Speech and Language Understanding
                 in the {MIT} Spoken Language System",
  address =      "Genova, Italy",
  pages =        "24--26",
  year =         "1991",
}

@inproceedings{goodman1996efficient,
	Address = {Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA},
	Author = {Goodman, Joshua},
	Booktitle = EMNLP96,
	Month = {May},
	Title = {Efficient Algorithms for Parsing the {DOP} Model},
	Year = 1996,
}

@InProceedings{Goodman97,
  author =       "Joshua Goodman",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Workshop on Parsing
                 Technology",
  title =        "Probabilistic Feature Grammars",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Goodwinsquared,
  author =       "Charles Goodwin and Marjorie Goodwin",
  title =        "Concurrent Operations on Talk: Notes on the
                 interactive organization of assessments",
  journal =      "IPRA Papers in Pragmatics",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "1--52",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Gor89,
  author =       "Paul G. Gorrell",
  title =        "Establishing the Loci of Serial and Parallel Effects
                 in Syntactic Processing",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--73",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{gordon-acl07,
 author="Andrew Gordon and Reid Swanson",
 title="Generalizing Semantic Role Annotations Across Syntactically Similar Verbs",
 booktitle=ACL07,
 year=2007,
}

@InProceedings{GordonLakoff,
  author =       "David Gordon and George Lakoff",
  booktitle =    CLS71,
  title =        "Conversational Postulates",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  pages =        "200--213",
  year =         "1971",
  note =         "Reprinted in Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan (Eds.),
                 {\em Speech Acts: Syntax and Semantics Volume 3},
                 Academic, 1975.",
}

@Article{gorin95,
  author =       "Allen L. Gorin",
  title =        "On automated language acquisition",
  journal =      "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America",
  volume =       "97",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "3441--3461",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1995",
}

@PhdThesis{Gorrell,
  author =       "Paul G. Gorrell",
  title =        "Studies of Human Syntactic Processing: Ranked-Parallel
                 Versus Serial Models",
  school =       "University of Connecticut",
  address =      "Connecticut",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Book{Gotenburg,
  author =       "Alvar Elleg\a{a}rd",
  title =        "The Syntactic Structure of {E}nglish Texts: {A}
                 computer-based study of four kinds of text in the
                 {B}rown {U}niversity {C}orpus",
  number =       "43",
  publisher =    "Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis",
  address =      "G{\"{}o}teborg",
  year =         "1978",
  series =       "Gothenburg Studies in {E}nglish",
}

@article{gottlob-ai00,
  author    = {Georg Gottlob and
               Nicola Leone and
               Francesco Scarcello},
  title     = {A comparison of structural CSP decomposition methods},
  journal   = {Artif. Intell.},
  volume    = {124},
  number    = {2},
  year      = {2000},
  pages     = {243-282},
  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(00)00078-3},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  annotate = "hypertreewidth is better than treewidth for sparse databases"
}


@article{gottlob-tcl02,
 author = {Gottlob, Georg and Gr\"{a}del, Erich and Veith, Helmut},
 title = {Datalog LITE: a deductive query language with linear time model checking},
 journal = {ACM Trans. Comput. Logic},
 volume = {3},
 number = {1},
 year = {2002},
 issn = {1529-3785},
 pages = {42--79},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/504077.504079},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 }

@Article{Gould83,
  author =       "John D. Gould and John Conti and Todd Hovanyecz",
  title =        "Composing Letters with a Simulated Listening
                 Typewriter",
  journal =      CACM,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "295--308",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{GouLew,
  author =       "John D. Gould and Clayton Lewis",
  title =        "Designing for Usability: {K}ey Principles and What
                 Designers Think",
  journal =      CACM,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "300--311",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{gpsg,
  title =        "Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1985",
  author =       "Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein and Geoffrey K. Pullum
                 and Ivan A. Sag",
}

@Article{Gra80,
  author =       "Susan L. Graham and Michael A. Harrison and Walter L.
                 Ruzzo",
  title =        "An Improved Context-Free Recognizer",
  journal =      "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "415--462",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1980",
  annote =       "Earley-like parser with collapsing of predictions and
                 unit completions using transitive closure matrices.
                 Extensive discussion of efficient data structures,
                 including bit-vectors. Also points out link between
                 Earley and CYK parsing, as less optimized special cases
                 of the GHR algorithm. This algorithm is also referred to as
                 CKY with dotted rules. A previous version appeared in STOC 1976.",
}

@InProceedings{Graff:97,
  author =       "David Graff",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings {DARPA} Speech Recognition Workshop",
  title =        "The 1996 {Broadcast News} Speech and Language-Model
                 Corpus",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Chantilly, VA",
  pages =        "11--14",
  year =         "1997",
  URL =          "http://www.itl.nist.gov/iaui/894.01/proc/darpa97/html/graff1/graff1.htm",
}

@Article{Grai,
  author =       "J. Grainger and P. {Col\'{e}} and J. Segui",
  title =        "Masked morphological priming in visual word
                 recognition",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "370--384",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{greenberg,
  author =       "Steven Greenberg and Dan Ellis and Joy Hollenback",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Insights into spoken language gleaned from phonetic
                 transcription of the {S}witchboard corpus",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "S24--27",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InCollection{Gregory99,
  author =       "Michelle L. Gregory and William D. Raymond and Alan
                 Bell and Eric Fosler-Lussier and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    CLS99,
  title =        "The effects of collocational strength and contextual
                 predictability in lexical production",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  pages = "151--166",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Unpublished{GreRub,
  author =       "Barbara B. Greene and Gerald M. Rubin",
  title =        "Automatic Grammatical Tagging of {E}nglish",
  year =         "1971",
  note =         "Department of Linguistics, Brown University,
                 Providence, Rhode Island",
}

@InProceedings{grenager-emnlp06,
  author = 	 {Trond Grenager and Christopher Manning},
  title = 	 {Unsupervised Discovery of a Statistical Verb Lexicon},
  pages = {1--8},
  booktitle =	 EMNLP06,
  year=2006,
}

@Article{Grice57,
  author =       "H. P. Grice",
  title =        "Meaning",
  journal =      "Philosophical Review",
  volume =       "67",
  pages =        "377--388",
  year =         "1957",
  note =         "Reprinted in {\em Semantics}, edited by Danny D.
                 Steinberg \& Leon A. Jakobovits (1971), Cambridge
                 University Press, pages 53--59.",
}

@InCollection{Grice75,
  author =       "H. P. Grice",
  editor =       "Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Speech Acts: Syntax and Semantics Volume 3",
  title =        "Logic and Conversation",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "41--58",
  year =         "1975",
}

@InCollection{Grice78,
  author =       "H. P. Grice",
  editor =       "Peter Cole",
  booktitle =    "Pragmatics: Syntax and Semantics Volume 9",
  title =        "Further Notes on Logic and Conversation",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "113--127",
  year =         "1978",
}

@Article{GriffinBock98,
  author =       "Zenzi M. Griffin and Kathryn Bock",
  title =        "Constraint, Word Frequency, and the Relationship
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  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "313--338",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{Grimshaw79,
  author =       "Jane Grimshaw",
  title =        "Complement Selection and the Lexicon",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "279--326",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Article{GriPet65,
  author =       "T. V. Griffiths and S. R. Petrick",
  title =        "On the Relative Efficiencies of Context-Free Grammar
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  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "289--300",
  year =         "1965",
  journal =      CACM,
}

@InProceedings{Grish92,
author="R. Grishman and C. Macleod and J. Sterling",
year="1992",
title="Evaluating parsing strategies
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booktitle="Proceedings of the 3rd ACL Conference on
Applied Natural Language Processing", 
pages="156--161",
address="Trento, Italy"
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@InProceedings{GrishmanSundheim,
  author =       "Ralph Grishman and Beth Sundheim",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding
                 Conference (MUC-6)",
  title =        "Design of the {MUC-6} Evaluation",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "1--11",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Gro74,
  author =       "Barbara J. Grosz",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Speech
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  title =        "The structure of task-oriented dialogs",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA$\dag$",
  pages =        "250--253",
  year =         "1974",
}

@Article{Gro84,
  author =       "Maurice Gross",
  title =        "Lexicon-grammar and the syntactic analysis of
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  journal =      COLING84,
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  pages =        "275--282",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InProceedings{GroHir92,
  author =       "Barbara J. Grosz and Julia Hirschberg",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "Some intonational characteristics of discourse
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  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "429--432",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{GroHir:92,
  author =       "B. Grosz and J. Hirschberg",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "Some intonational characteristics of discourse
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  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "429--432",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{GroPin89,
  author =       "Jess Gropen and Steve Pinker and Michael Hollander and
                 Richard Goldberg and Ronald Wilson",
  title =        "The learnability and acquisition of the dative
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  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "203--257",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{Grosjean80,
  author =       "F. Grosjean",
  title =        "Spoken word recognition processes and the gating
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  journal =      "Perception and Psychophysics",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "267--283",
  year =         "1980",
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@InProceedings{Grosz77,
  author =       "Barbara J. Grosz",
  booktitle =    IJCAI77,
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  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "67--76",
  year =         "1977",
  note =         "Reprinted in Grosz et al. (1986).",
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@Article{Grosz95,
  author =       "Barbara J. Grosz and Aravind K. Joshi and Scott
                 Weinstein",
  title =        "Centering: {A} Framework for Modeling the Local
                 Coherence of Discourse",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "203--225",
  year =         "1995",
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@InCollection{groszsidner90,
  author =       "Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner",
  editor =       "Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha E.
                 Pollack",
  booktitle =    "Intentions in Communication",
  title =        "Plans for Discourse",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "417--444",
  year =         "1980",
}

@PhdThesis{Groszthesis,
  author =       "Barbara J. Grosz",
  title =        "The Representation and Use of Focus in Dialogue
                 Understanding",
  school =       "University of California, Berkeley",
  year =         "1977",
}

@Unpublished{Grover93,
  author =       "Clair Grover and John Carroll and Ted Briscoe",
  title =        "The {A}lvey Natural Language Tools Grammar",
  year =         "1993",
}

@PhdThesis{Gruber65,
  author =       "Jeffrey S. Gruber",
  title =        "Studies in Lexical Relations",
  school =       "MIT",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1965",
}

@InCollection{Grudin83,
  author =       "Jonathan T. Grudin",
  editor =       "William E. Cooper",
  booktitle =    "Cognitive Aspects of Skilled Typewriting",
  title =        "Error Patterns in Novice and Skilled Transcription
                 Typing",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "121--139",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InCollection{Guindon88,
  author =       "Raymonde Guindon",
  editor =       "Raymonde Guindon",
  booktitle =    "Cognitive Science And Its Applications For
                 Human-Computer Interaction",
  title =        "A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Dialogue Structure
                 in User-Advisor Dialogues",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "163--200",
  year =         "1988",
}

@inproceedings{Gulwani:2011,
 author = {Gulwani, Sumit},
 title = {Automating string processing in spreadsheets using input-output examples},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages},
 series = {POPL '11},
 year = {2011},
 isbn = {978-1-4503-0490-0},
 location = {Austin, Texas, USA},
 pages = {317--330},
 numpages = {14},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1926385.1926423},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1926385.1926423},
 acmid = {1926423},
 publisher = {ACM},
 keywords = {program synthesis, programming by example (pbe), spreadsheet programming, string manipulation, user intent, version space algebra},
} 

@Article{Gup88,
  author =       "V. Gupta and M. Lennig and P. Mermelstein",
  title =        "Fast search strategy in a large vocabulary word
                 recognizer",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "84",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2007--2017",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{GupLenMer92,
  author =       "V. Gupta and M. Lennig and P Mermelstein",
  title =        "A language model for very large-vocabulary speech
                 recognition",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "331--344",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Gupta94,
  author =       "Prahlad Gupta and David S. Touretzky",
  title =        "Connectionist Models and Linguistic Theory:
                 {I}nvestigations of Stress Systems in Language",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "1--50",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{gus,
  author =       "Daniel G. Bobrow and Ronald M. Kaplan and Martin Kay
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                 Winograd",
  title =        "{GUS}, {A} Frame Driven Dialog System",
  journal =      AIJ,
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "155--173",
  year =         "1977",
}

@InCollection{Guy80,
  author =       "Gregory R. Guy",
  editor =       "William Labov",
  booktitle =    "Locating Language in Time and Space",
  title =        "Variation in theg roup and the individual: {T}he case
                 of final stop deletion",
  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "1--36",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{Haan1EtAl:97,
  author =       "Judith Haan and Vincent J. van Heuven and Jos J. A.
                 Pacilly and Ren{\'e}e van Bezooijen",
  editor =       "Antonis Botonis and Georgios Kouroupetroglou and
                 George Carayiannis",
  booktitle =    "{ESCA} Workshop on {Intonation: Theory, Models and
                 Applications}",
  title =        "Intonational Characteristics of Declarativity and
                 Interrogativity in {Dutch}: {A} Comparison",
  address =      "Athens, Greece",
  pages =        "173--176",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InCollection{Haan2EtAl:97,
  author =       "J. Haan and V. J. van Heuven and J. J. A. Pacilly and
                 R. van Bezooijen",
  editor =       "H. de Hoop and M. den Dikken",
  booktitle =    "Linguistics in the Netherlands",
  title =        "An anatomy of {Dutch} question intonation",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{HacWard,
  author =       "K. Hacioglu and W. Ward",
  booktitle =    icassp01,
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  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{Had89,
  author =       "Nicholas J. Haddock",
  title =        "Computational models of incremental semantic
                 interpretation",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "337--368",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{haghighi-klein:2007:ACLMain,
  author    = {Haghighi, Aria  and  Klein, Dan},
  title     = {Unsupervised Coreference Resolution in a Nonparametric {Bayesian} Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {June},
  year      = 2007,
  address   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  pages     = {848--855},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P07/P07-1107}
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@InProceedings{haghighi-naacl10,
  author    = {Haghighi, Aria  and  Klein, Dan},
  title     = {Coreference Resolution in a Modular, Entity-Centered Model},
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  month     = {June},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Los Angeles, California},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {385--393},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N10-1061}
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@InProceedings{Hain99,
  author =       "T. Hain and P. C. Woodland and T. R. Niesler and E. W.
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  booktitle =    icassp99,
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  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "57--60",
  year =         "1999",
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@InBook{Hajic,
  author =       "Jan {Haji\v{c}}",
  booktitle =    "Issues of Valency and Meaning",
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  publisher =    "Karolinum",
  address =      "Prague/Praha",
  pages =        "106--132",
  year =         "1998",
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@InBook{Hajicova01,
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  pages="294--399",
  publisher="John Benjamins Publishing Co.",
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@InProceedings{Hale,
  author =       "John Hale",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of NAACL-2001",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Earley Parser as a Psycholinguistic
                 Model",
  year =         "2001",
  pages = "159--166",
  oktitle =      "Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the North
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@InCollection{Hale93,
  author =       "Ken Hale and Samuel J. Keyser",
  editor =       "Ken Hale and Samuel J. Keyser",
  booktitle =    "The View from Building 20: Essays in Linguistics in
                 Honor of Sylvain Bromberger",
  title =        "On Argument Structure and the Lexical Expression of
                 Syntactic Relations",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "53--109",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Halle59,
  author =       "Morris Halle",
  title =        "The sound pattern of {R}ussian; {A} linguistic and
                 acoustical investigation",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1959",
}

@InCollection{Halle85,
  author =       "M. Halle",
  editor =       "V. Fromkin",
  booktitle =    "Linguistic Phonetics: Papers Presented to Peter
                 Ladefoged",
  title =        "Speculations About the Representations of Words in
                 Memory",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{Halliday,
  author =       "M. A. K. Halliday",
  title =        "An Introduction to Functional Grammar",
  publisher =    "Edward Arnold",
  address =      "London",
  year =         "1985",
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@Article{HalMoh85,
  author =       "Morris Halle and K. P. Mohanan",
  title =        "The Segmental Phonology of Modern {E}nglish",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "57--116",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{HalVer87,
  author =       "Morris Halle and Jean-Roger Vergnaud",
  title =        "An Essay on Stress",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1987",
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@Unpublished{Ham97,
  author =       "Michael Hammond",
  title =        "Parsing in {OT}",
  year =         "1997",
  note =         "Alternative title ``Parsing syllables: {M}odeling {OT}
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@Misc{Hammond95,
  author =       "M. Hammond",
  title =        "Syllable Parsing in {E}nglish and {F}rench",
  howpublished = "Rutgers Optimality Archive",
  year =         "1995",
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@InProceedings{HampshireWaibel90,
  author =       "J. B. Hampshire and A. H. Waibel",
  booktitle =    icassp90,
  title =        "The Meta-Pi Network: Connectionist Rapid Adaptation
                 for High-performance Multi-speaker Phoneme
                 Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "165--168",
  year =         "1990",
}

@techreport{han-tech01,
 author 		= {Han, {Chung-hye} and Han, {Na-Rae} and Ko, {Eon-Suk}},
 year 			= {2001},
 title 			= {Bracketing Guidelines for {P}enn {K}orean {T}reeBank},
 institution	= {IRCS, University of Pennsylvania}
}

@article{han-mt04,
 author = {Han, {Chung-Hye} and Palmer, Martha},
 title = {A Morphological Tagger for {K}orean: Statistical Tagging Combined with Corpus-Based Morphological Rule Application},
 journal = {Machine Translation},
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 number = {4},
 year = {2004},
 issn = {0922-6567},
 pages = {275--297},
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 publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
 address = {Hingham, MA, USA},
}

@techreport{han-tech05,
 author 		= {Han, {Na-Rae} and Shijong Ryu},
 year 			= {2005},
 title 			= {{Guidelines for Penn Korean Treebank version 2.0}},
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}

@phdthesis{han-thesis06,
 author = {Han, {Na-Rae}},
 title = {Korean zero pronouns: analysis and resolution},
 year = {2006},
 school = {University of Pennsylvania},
 address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA},
}


@InProceedings{Han86,
  author =       "Jorge Hankamer",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Fifth West Coast Conference on
                 Formal Linguistics",
  title =        "Finite state morphology and left to right phonology",
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  year =         "1986",
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@InProceedings{HanazawaEtal90,
  author =       "T. Hanazawa and K. Kita and S. Nakamura and T.
                 Kawabata and K. Shikono",
  booktitle =    icassp90,
  title =        "{ATR HMM-LR} Continuous Speech Recognition System",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "53--56",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Unpublished{HanBla,
  author =       "Jorge Hankamer and H. Andrew Black",
  title =        "Current Approaches to Computational Morphology",
  year =         "1991",
  note =         "Unpublished manuscript",
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@InCollection{Hank,
  author =       "Jorge Hankamer",
  editor =       "William Marslen-Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Representation and Process",
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  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "392--408",
  year =         "1989",
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@Article{Hank73,
  author =       "Jorge Hankamer",
  title =        "Unacceptable Ambiguity",
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  number =       "1",
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  year =         "1973",
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@InCollection{Hankamer,
  author =       "Jorge Hankamer",
  editor =       "William Marslen-Wilson",
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  title =        "Morphological Parsing and the Lexicon",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "392--408",
  year =         "1989",
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@InProceedings{Hankamer86,
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                 Formal Linguistics",
  title =        "Finite state morphology and left to right phonology",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{Hansen00,
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  year =         "2000",
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@Book{Har62,
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@InCollection{harabagiu1,
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  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1998",
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@InProceedings{harc,
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  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "Design and Performance of {HARC}, the {BBN} spoken
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  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "I.241--244",
  year =         "1992",
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@Article{Harris,
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  number =       "3",
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  year =         "1946",
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@Book{Harris94,
  author =       "John Harris",
  title =        "English Sound Structure",
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  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1994",
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@TechReport{HataokaWaibel89,
  author =       "N. Hataoka and A. H. Waibel",
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  institution =  "Carnegie Mellon University",
  year =         "1989",
  note =         "CMU-CS-89-190",
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@InProceedings{Hatzivassiloglou&al00,
  author =       "Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou and Luis Gravano and
                 Ankineedu Maganti",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM SIGIR Conference on
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  title =        "An Investigation of Linguistic Features and Clustering
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  address =      "Athens, Greece",
  pages =        "224--231",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2000",
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@article{Hatzivassiloglou01,
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  pages="S97--S106",
  year=2001,
  url="http://genome6.cpmc.columbia.edu/~andrey/VasileiosBioinformatics.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{Hauenstein,
  author =       "Andreas Hauenstein and Hans H. Weber",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of AAAI-94 Workshop on Integration of
                 Natural Language and Speech Processing",
  title =        "An investigation of tightly coupled time synchronous
                 speech language interfaces using a unification
                 grammar",
  pages =        "42--49",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Hausser,
  author =       "Roland R. Hausser",
  title =        "{NEWCAT}: parsing natural language using
                 left-associative grammar",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Berlin",
  year =         "1986",
}

@book{Hawkins94,
 author="Hawkins, John",
 year=1994,
 title="A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency",
 publisher="Cambridge University Press", 
 address="Cambridge, UK",
}

@book{Hawkins04,
 author="Hawkins, John",
 year=2004,
 title="Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars",
 publisher="Oxford University Press",
 address="Oxford, UK"
}

@InCollection{Hays,
  author =       "David G. Hays",
  editor =       "David G. Hays",
  booktitle =    "Readings in Automatic Language Processing",
  title =        "Parsing",
  publisher =    "American Elsevier",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "73--82",
  year =         "1966",
}

@inproceedings{head-driven-acl11,
  author="Pierluigi Crescenzi and Daniel Gildea and Andrea Marino and Gianluca Rossi and Giorgio Satta",
  title="Optimal Head-Driven Parsing Complexity for Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems",
  year=2011,
  booktitle=ACL11,
  url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/head-driven-acl11.pdf",
}


@InCollection{hearsay,
  author =       "Lee D. Erman and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor R.
                 Lesser and D.~Raj Reddy",
  editor =       "Bonnie Lynn Webber and Nils J. Nilsson",
  booktitle =    "Readings in Artificial Intelligence",
  title =        "The {H}earsay-{II} speech-understanding system:
                 {I}ntegrating knowledge to resolve uncertainty",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos",
  pages =        "349--389",
  year =         "1980/1981",
  note =         "Originally appeared in {\em Computing Surveys}
                 12(2).",
}

@Unpublished{Hearst,
  author =       "Marti Hearst",
  title =        "personal communication, noted in the {B}erkeley campus
                 newspaper.",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Hearst97,
  author =       "Marti A. Hearst",
  title =        "TextTiling: {S}egmenting Text into Multi-paragraph
                 Subtopic Passages",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "33--64",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Hearst99,
  author =       "Marti Hearst",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the ACL",
  title =        "Untangling Text Data Mining",
  address =      "College Park, Maryland",
  year =         "1999",
  pages = 	 "3--10"
}

@InProceedings{Hee99,
  author =       "Peter A. Heeman",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1999 Joint SIGDAT Conference on
                 Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and
                 Very Large Corpora (EMNLP/VLC-99)",
  title =        "{POS} Tags and Decision Trees for Language Modeling",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "College Park, MD",
  pages =        "129--137",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{HeemanAllen94,
  author =       "Peter A. Heeman and James Allen",
  booktitle =    ACL94,
  title =        "Detecting and Correcting Speech Repairs",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Las Cruces, NM",
  pages =        "295--302",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{HeemanAllen99,
  author =       "Peter A. Heeman and James Allen",
  title =        "Speech Repairs, Intonational Phrases and Discourse
                 Markers: {M}odeling Speakers' Utterances in Spoken
                 Dialog",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InCollection{Hei95,
  author =       "Juha {Heikkil\"{a}}",
  editor =       "Fred Karlsson and Atro Voutilainen and Juha
                 Heikkil{\"{a}} and Arto Anttila",
  booktitle =    "Constraint Grammar: {A} Language-Independent System
                 for Parsing Unrestricted Text",
  title =        "A {TWOL}-based lexicon and feature system for
                 {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Mouton de Gruyter",
  address =      "Berlin",
  pages =        "103--131",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InCollection{Henderson,
  author =       "Leslie Henderson",
  editor =       "William Marslen-Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Representation and Process",
  title =        "On Mental Representation of Morphology and Its
                 Diagnosis by Measures of Visual Access Speed",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "357--391",
  year =         "1989",
}

@PhdThesis{Henderson94,
  author =       "James Henderson",
  title =        "Description Based Parsing in a Connectionist Network",
  school =       "University of Pennsylvania",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InCollection{Hendrix,
  author =       "Gary Hendrix",
  editor =       "Barbara J. Grosz and Karen Sparck-Jones and Bonnie
                 Lynn Webber",
  booktitle =    "Readings in Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "Semantic Aspects of Translation",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos",
  pages =        "267--283",
  year =         "1978/1986",
  note =         "Originally appeared in Don Walker (ed.), {\em
                 Understanding spoken language}, 1978",
}

@Article{Her90,
  author =       "H. Hermansky",
  title =        "Perceptual Linear Predictive ({PLP}) Analysis of
                 Speech",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "87",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1738--1752",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1990",
  annotate =     "This paper describes an auditory model which makes use
                 of three well known properties of hearing:
                 Critical-band masking patterns, Equal-loudness
                 contours, The intensity/loudness power law. These
                 properties are used to derive an estimate of the
                 auditory spectrum. This results in a new technique for
                 speech analysis, which is based on traditional Linear
                 Predictive analysis, and is called Perceptual Linear
                 Prediction (PLP). This model was used in speaker
                 independent speech recognition experiments. The model
                 was effective in suppressing speaker dependent
                 information in the speech signal and showed an
                 advantage over traditional Linear Predictive analysis
                 as a speaker independent speech recognition front
                 end.",
}

@Article{Hermansky90,
  author =       "H. Hermansky",
  title =        "Perceptual Linear Predictive ({PLP}) Analysis of
                 Speech",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "87",
  number =       "4",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1990",
  annotate =     "This paper describes an auditory model which makes use
                 of three well known properties of hearing:
                 Critical-band masking patterns, Equal-loudness
                 contours, The intensity/loudness power law. These
                 properties are used to derive an estimate of the
                 auditory spectrum. This results in a new technique for
                 speech analysis, which is based on traditional Linear
                 Predictive analysis, and is called Perceptual Linear
                 Prediction (PLP). This model was used in speaker
                 independent speech recognition experiments. The model
                 was effective in suppressing speaker dependent
                 information in the speech signal and showed an
                 advantage over traditional Linear Predictive analysis
                 as a speaker independent speech recognition front
                 end.",
}

@InProceedings{Hermansky91,
  author =       "H. Hermansky and A. Bayya and N. Morgan and P. Kohn",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-91",
  title =        "Compensation for the effect of the communication
                 channel in Perceptual Linear Predictive ({PLP})
                 analysis of speech",
  address =      "Genova, Italy",
  pages =        "1367--1370",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Hermansky92a,
  author =       "H. Hermansky and N. Morgan and A. Bayya and P. Kohn",
  booktitle =    icassp92,
  title =        "{RASTA-PLP} Speech Analysis Technique",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "San Francisco, CA",
  pages =        "I.121--124",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Hermansky92b,
  author =       "H. Hermansky and N. Morgan",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "Towards Handling the Acoustic Environment in Spoken
                 Language Processing",
  pages =        "85--88",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{hermjakob-naacl00,
 author		= {Hermjakob, Ulf},
 title		= {Rapid parser development: a machine learning approach for {K}orean},
 booktitle	= {Proc.\ NAACL},
 year		= 2000,
 pages		= {118--123},
 location 	= {Seattle, Washington},
month = {May},
}

@Book{HertzEtal91,
  author =       "J. Hertz and A. Krogh and R. G. Palmer",
  title =        "Introduction to the Theory of Neural Computation",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley Publishing Company",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Conference{hier:92,
  author =       "Jim L. Hieronymus",
  booktitle =    icassp,
  title =        "Use of Acoustic Sentence Level and Lexical Stress in
                 {HSMM} Speech Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Hill,
  author =       "Archibald A. Hill",
  title =        "Laymen, Lexicographers, and Linguists",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "245--258",
  year =         "1970",
}

@InCollection{Hin69,
  author =       "Jaako Hintikka",
  editor =       "J. W. Davis and D. J. Hockney and W. K. Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Philosophical Logic",
  title =        "Semantics for Propositional Attitudes",
  publisher =    "D. Reidel",
  address =      "Dordrecht, Holland",
  pages =        "21--45",
  year =         "1969",
}

@InProceedings{HinAll89,
  author =       "Elizabeth A. Hinkelman and James Allen",
  booktitle =    ACL89,
  title =        "Two constraints on speech act ambiguity",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Vancouver, Canada",
  pages =        "212--219",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Hindle83,
  author =       "Don Hindle",
  booktitle =    ACL83,
  title =        "Deterministic parsing of syntactic non-fluencies",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "123--128",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{HindleRooth,
  author =       "Don Hindle and Mats Rooth",
  booktitle =    ACL91,
  title =        "Structural ambiguity and lexical relations",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "229--236",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{HindleRooth90,
  author =       "Don Hindle and Mats Rooth",
  booktitle =    DARPA90,
  title =        "Structural ambiguity and lexical relations",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Hidden Valley, PA",
  pages =        "257--262",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Hir84,
  author =       "Graeme Hirst",
  booktitle =    AAAI84,
  title =        "A semantic process for syntactic disambiguation",
  pages =        "148--152",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InCollection{Hir88,
  author =       "Graeme Hirst",
  editor =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Lexical ambiguity resolution: Perspectives from
                 psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial
                 intelligence",
  title =        "Resolving lexical ambiguity computationally with
                 spreading activation and polaroid words",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  pages =        "73--108",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{HirCha82,
  author =       "Graeme Hirst and Eugene Charniak",
  booktitle =    AAAI82,
  title =        "Word sense and case slot disambiguation",
  pages =        "95--98",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{HirLit93,
  author =       "Julia Hirschberg and Diane J. Litman",
  title =        "Empirical Studies on the Disambiguation of Cue
                 Phrases",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "501--530",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{HirNak:96,
  author =       "Julia Hirschberg and Christine Nakatani",
  booktitle =    ACL96,
  title =        "A Prosodic Analysis of Discourse Segments in
                 Direction-Giving Monologues",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Santa Cruz, CA",
  pages =        "286--293",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{HirPao93,
  author =       "Lynette Hirschman and Christine Pao",
  booktitle =    EUROSPEECH93,
  title =        "The cost of errors in a spoken language system",
  pages =        "1419--1422",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{HirPie86,
  author =       "Julia Hirschberg and Janet Pierrehumbert",
  booktitle =    ACL86,
  title =        "The Intonational Structuring of Discourse",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "136--144",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Article{hirschberg:92,
  author =       "Michelle Q. Wang and Julia Hirschberg",
  title =        "Automatic Classification of Intonational Phrasing
                 Boundaries",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "175--196",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{HirschbergNakatani:aaai98,
  author =       "Julia Hirschberg and Christine H. Nakatani",
  editor =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Nancy Green",
  booktitle =    "Applying Machine Learning to Discourse Processing.
                 Papers from the 1998 {AAAI} Spring Symposium. {\rm
                 Tech. rep. SS-98-01}",
  title =        "Using Machine Learning to Identify Intonational
                 Segments",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  pages =        "52--59",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Book{Hirst,
  author =       "Graeme Hirst",
  title =        "Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of
                 Ambiguity",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Book{Hirst-ms,
  author =       "Graeme Hirst",
  title =        "Anaphora in Natural Language Understanding: {A}
                 survey",
  number =       "119",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1981",
  series =       "Lecture notes in computer science",
}

@Book{hkp,
  author =       "John Hertz and Andres Krogh and Richard G. Palmer",
  title =        "Introduction to the Theory of Neural Computation",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{Hob97,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs and Douglas Appelt and John Bear and
                 David Israel and Megumi Kameyama and Mark E. Stickel
                 and Mabry Tyson",
  editor =       "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
  booktitle =    "Finite-State Language Processing",
  title =        "{FASTUS}: {A} Cascaded Finite-State Transducer for
                 Extracting Information from Natural-Language Text",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "383--406",
  year =         "1997",
  callnumber =   "Engineering QA76.9.N38.F56 1997",
}

@InProceedings{HobBea90,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear",
  booktitle =    COLING90,
  title =        "Two Principles of Parse Preference",
  address =      "Helsinki",
  pages =        "162--167",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Hobbs,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs and Mark E. Stickel and Paul Martin and
 Douglas Edwards",
  booktitle =    ACL88,
  title =        "Interpretation as Abduction",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Buffalo, NY",
  pages =        "95--103",
  month =        June,
  year =         "1988",
}

@TechReport{Hobbs90-tr,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs and Mark E. Stickel and Douglas Appelt and Paul Martin",
  title =        "Interpretation as Abduction",
  number =       "Technical Report 499",
  institution = "AI Center, SRI International",
  address =      "Menlo Park, California",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Hobbs93,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs and Mark E. Stickel and Douglas Appelt and Paul Martin",
  title =        "Interpretation as Abduction",
  journal =	 "Artificial Intelligence",
  volume = 	 "63",
  pages = 	 "69--142",
  year =	 "1993",
}

@Article{Hobbs78,
  author =       "Jerry R. Hobbs",
  title =        "Resolving Pronoun References",
  journal =      "Lingua",
  volume =       "44",
  pages =        "311--338",
  year =         "1978",
}



@InProceedings{HockenmaierSteedman:LREC2002,
  author = 	 {Julia Hockenmaier and Mark Steedman},
  title = 	 {Acquiring {C}ompact  {L}exicalized {G}rammars from a {C}leaner {T}reebank},
  booktitle = 	 LREC02,
 pages = 	 {1974--1981},
 year = 	 {2002}, 
  address = 	 {Las Palmas},
  monthx = 	 {May}, 
}


@InProceedings{Hock:02,
  author = 	 {Julia Hockenmaier and Mark Steedman},
  title = 	 "Generative Models for Statistical Parsing with {Combinatory Categorial Grammar}",
  booktitle = 	 ACL02,
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  year = 	 {2002},
}

@InProceedings{Clark:02,
  author = 	 {Stephen Clark and Julia Hockenmaier and Mark Steedman},
  title = 	 "{B}uilding {D}eep {D}ependency {S}tructures 
using a Wide-Coverage {CCG} Parser",
  booktitle = 	 ACL02,
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  year = 	 {2002}, 
}

@article{HeberSavage05,
 author="Steffen Heber and Carla D. Savage", 
 title="Common intervals of trees", 
 journal="Information Processing Letters", 
 Volume= 93,
 Issue= 2, 
 year= 2005,
 Pages="69--74",
 url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V0F-4DN9PCC-5/2/41e3a343b96fa5960f2d437a3ed97ce9"
}

@InProceedings{HeberStoye01,
    author = "Steffen Heber and Jens Stoye",
    title = "Finding All Common Intervals of k Permutations",
    booktitle = "Combinatorial Pattern Matching, 12th Annual Symposium",
    publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
    notes ="vol. 2089 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
    pages = "207--218",
    year = "2001",
    url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/475115.html" 
}

@PhdThesis{Hockenmaier:2003,
  author =       {Julia Hockenmaier},
  title =        {Data and models for statistical parsing with {Combinatory Categorial Grammar}},
  school =       {School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh},
  year =         {2003},
}

@InProceedings{clarkHockenmaier:2002,
 author = {Stephen Clark and Julia Hockenmaier},
 title = {Evaluating a Wide-Coverage {C}{C}{G} Parser},
 booktitle =    {Proceedings of the LREC Beyond PARSEVAL workshop},
 address = {Las Palmas, Spain},
 year = {2002},
}

@InCollection{Hock84,
  author =       "Charles F. Hockett",
  editor =       "James E. Copeland",
  booktitle =    "New Directions in Linguistics and Semiotics",
  title =        "The Uniqueness Fallacy",
  publisher =    "Rice University Press",
  address =      "Houston",
  pages =        "35--46",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{Hockett,
  author =       "Charles F. Hockett",
  title =        "Two Models of Grammatical Description",
  journal =      "Word",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "210--231",
  year =         "1954",
}

@TechReport{Hofmann98,
  author =       "Thomas Hofmann and Jan Puzicha",
  title =        "Statistical Models For Co-occurrence Data",
  type =         "Memo",
  institution =  "Massachussetts Institute of Technology Artificial
                 Intelligence Laboratory",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{HofmannSIGIR99,
  author =       "Thomas Hofmann",
  booktitle =    "22nd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on
                 Research and Development in Information Retrieval",
  title =        "Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing",
  address =      "Berkeley, California",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{HofmannUAI99,
  author =       "Thomas Hofmann",
  booktitle =    "Uncertainity in Artificial Intelligence, UAI'99",
  title =        "Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis",
  address =      "Stockholm",
  year =         "1999",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.brown.edu/~th/papers/Hofmann-UAI99.pdf"
}

@Book{HofstadterMarot,
  author =       "Douglas R. Hofstadter",
  title =        "Le Ton beau de Marot",
  publisher =    "Basic Books",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{HogPer75,
  author =       "T. W. Hogaboam and C. A. Perfetti",
  title =        "Lexical ambiguity and sentence comprehension",
  journal =      JVLVB,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "265--274",
  year =         "1975",
}

@InCollection{HolEis88,
  author =       "Jennifer K. Holbrook and Kurt P. Eiselt and Richard H.
                 {Granger, Jr} and Edward H. Matthei",
  editor =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Lexical ambiguity resolution: Perspectives from
                 psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial
                 intelligence",
  title =        "(Almost) never letting go: {I}nference retention
                 during text understanding",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{Holmes89,
  author =       "V. M. Holmes and L. Stowe and L. Cupples",
  title =        "Lexical Expectations in Parsing Complement-Verb
                 sentences",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "668--689",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{Holmes94,
  author =       "David I. Holmes",
  title =        "Authorship Attribution",
  journal =      "Computers and the Humanities",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "87--106",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{HonLee90,
  author =       "H. W. Hon and K. F. Lee",
  booktitle =    icassp90,
  title =        "On Vocabulary-Independent Speech Modeling",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "725--728",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{hong-lee-rim:2009:Short,
  author    = {Hong, Gumwon  and  Lee, Seung-Wook  and  Rim, Hae-Chang},
  title     = {Bridging Morpho-Syntactic Gap between Source and Target Sentences for {English-Korean} Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers},
  year      = {2009},
  pages     = {233--236},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P09/P09-2059},
  annotate="pre-processing for English-to-korean, adding particles for grammatical function"
}

@InCollection{Hooper76,
  author =       "Joan B. Hooper",
  editor =       "W. Christie",
  booktitle =    "Current Progress in Historical Linguistics",
  title =        "Word frequency in lexical diffusion and the source of
                 morphophonological change",
  publisher =    "North Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "96--105",
  year =         "1976",
}

@article{hoory06,
 Author="Shlomo Hoory and Nathan Linial and Avi Wigderson",
 title="Expander Graphs and their Applications",
 journal="Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.",
 volume= 43,
 year=2006, 
 pages="439--561"
}

@Book{HopUll,
  author =       "John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman",
  title =        "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and
                 Computation",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  year =         "1979",
}

@InProceedings{hopkins-aaai02,
 author="Mark Hopkins",
 title="Strategies for Determining Causes of Events",
 booktitle="AAAI",
 year=2002,
}

@InProceedings{hopkins-emnlp10,
  author    = {Hopkins, Mark  and  Langmead, Greg},
  title     = {{SCFG} Decoding Without Binarization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {October},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Cambridge, MA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {646--655},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D10-1063}
}

@InProceedings{hopkins-may-emnlp11,
  author    = {Hopkins, Mark  and  May, Jonathan},
  title     = {Tuning as Ranking},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {July},
  year      = {2011},
  address   = {Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {1352--1362},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D11-1125}
}

@InCollection{Householder95,
  author =       "Fred W. Householder",
  editor =       "E. F. K. Koerner and R. E. Asher",
  booktitle =    "Concise History of the Language Sciences",
  title =        "Dionysius {T}hrax, The {\em {T}echnai}, and {S}extus
                 {E}mpiricus",
  publisher =    "Elsevier Science",
  address =      "Oxford",
  pages =        "99--103",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{Howes51,
  author =       "Davis H. Howes and Richard L. Solomon",
  title =        "Visual Duration Threshold as a function of
                 word-probability",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology",
  volume =       "41",
  pages =        "401--410",
  year =         "1951",
}

@Article{Howes57,
  author =       "David Howes",
  title =        "On the relation between the intelligibility and
                 frequency of occurrence of {E}nglish words",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "296--305",
  year =         "1957",
}

@Book{hpsg,
  author =       "Carl Pollard and Ivan A. Sag",
  title =        "Information-Based Syntax and Semantics: {V}olume 1:
                 {F}undamentals",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{hpsg-parser,
  author =       "Derek Proudian and Carl Pollard",
  booktitle =    ACL85,
  title =        "Parsing Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  pages =        "167--171",
  month =        July,
  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{hpsg2,
  author =       "Carl Pollard and Ivan A. Sag",
  title =        "Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Hu96,
  author =       "Jianying Hu and Michael K. Brown and William Turin",
  title =        "{HMM} Based On-Line Handwriting Recognition",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1039--1045",
  month =        Oct,
  year =         "1996",
}

@Unpublished{Huang00,
  author =       "Chu-Ren Huang",
  title =        "From Quantitative to Qualitative Studies:
                 {D}evelopments in Computational and Corpus Linguistics
                 of {C}hinese",
  year =         "2000",
  note =         "Manuscript",
}

@Unpublished{Huang95,
  author =       "Chu-Ren Huang",
  title =        "The Morpho-lexical Meaning of Mutual Information: {A}
                 Corpus-based Linguistic Approach Towards a Definition
                 of Mandarin Words",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Presented at The 1995 Annual Meeting of the
                 Linguistics Society of America (New Orleans)",
}

@InProceedings{huang-emnlp10,
  author    = {Huang, Liang  and  Mi, Haitao},
  title     = {Efficient Incremental Decoding for Tree-to-String Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {October},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Cambridge, MA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {273--283},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D10-1027}
}

@inproceedings{huang-acl10,
  author="Liang Huang and Kenji Sagae",
  year=2010,
  title="Dynamic Programming for Linear-time Incremental Parsing",
  booktitle="Proceedings of ACL 2010",
}

@InProceedings{huang-cmejrek-zhou:2010:EMNLP,
  author    = {Huang, Zhongqiang  and  Cmejrek, Martin  and  Zhou, Bowen},
  title     = {Soft Syntactic Constraints for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation Using Latent Syntactic Distributions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {October},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Cambridge, MA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {138--147},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D10-1014}
}

@InProceedings{huang-naacl06,
  author    = {Huang, Bryant  and  Knight, Kevin},
  title     = {Relabeling Syntax Trees to Improve Syntax-Based Machine Translation Quality},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Main Conference},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2006},
  address   = {New York City, USA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {240--247},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N/N06/N06-1031}
}

@InProceedings{Huang-amta06,
 author="Liang Huang and Kevin Knight and Aravind Joshi",
 year=2006,
 title="Statistical Syntax-Directed Translation with Extended Domain of Locality",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the 7th Biennial Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA)",
 address="Boston, MA",
 url = "http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~lhuang3/amta06-sdtedl.pdf"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{huang-renals-icassp2010,
  AUTHOR = {Songfang Huang and Steve Renals},
  TITLE = {Power Law Discounting for N-Gram Language Models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP'10)},
  ADDRESS = {Dallas, Texas, USA},
  MONTH = March,
  YEAR = 2010
}


@InProceedings{HuangEtal91,
  author =       "X. Huang and K. Lee and H. Hon and M. Hwang",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "Improved Acoustic Modeling for the {SPHINX} Speech
                 Recognition System",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "345--348",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{HuangJack89,
  author =       "X. D. Huang and M. A. Jack",
  title =        "Semi-continuous hidden {M}arkov models for speech
                 signals",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "239--252",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{HuangLee91,
  author =       "X. D. Huang and K. F. Lee",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "On Speaker-Independent, Speaker-Dependent, and
                 Speaker-Adaptive Speech Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "877--880",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Unpublished{HUB4,
  author =       "Linguistic Data Consortium",
  title =        "{CSR} Hub-4 Language Model",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "Catalog no. LDC98T31",
}

@InCollection{Huck-ojeda,
  author =       "Geoffrey J. Huck and Almerindo E. Ojeda",
  editor =       "Geoffrey J. Huck and Almerindo E. Ojeda",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics 20: {D}iscontinuous
                 Constituency",
  title =        "Introduction",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  pages =        "1--10",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Book{Hudson,
  author =       "Richard A. Hudson",
  title =        "Word Grammar",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{Huffman,
  author =       "D. A. Huffman",
  title =        "The Synthesis of Sequential Switching Circuits",
  journal =      "Journal of the Franklin Institute",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "161--191",
  year =         "1954",
  note =         "Continued in Volume 4",
}

@Article{HulSri82,
  author =       "Jonathan J. Hull and Sargur N. Srihari",
  title =        "Experiments in Text Recognition with Binary {\em
                 n}-gram and {V}iterbi algorithms",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "PAMI-4",
  pages =        "520--530",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1982",
}

@InProceedings{Hunt1988,
  author =       "Melvyn J. Hunt and Claude Lefebvre",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Intl.\ Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing",
  title =        "Speaker Dependent and Independent Speech Recognition
                 Experiments with an Auditory Model",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "215--218",
  year =         "1988",
  annotate =     "The first stage of this model consists of a bank of 32
                 digital filters. Although not trying to model
                 physiological mechanisms, the responses of these
                 filters were designed to reflect basilar membrane
                 tuning curves. The filters were spaced half a bark
                 apart to cover the range from 100 Hz to about 3.3 kHz.
                 The slope of the filters was about 6 dB/octave on the
                 low frequency side and 100 dB/octave on the high
                 frequency side. \newline Two 32-point spectral
                 representations were produced by passing the output of
                 the filtering stage through two separate non-linear
                 processes. One process was used to detect onsets and
                 the other to detect periodicity in the speech signal.
                 \newline This model was used as a front end for a
                 speech recognizer. Performance was compared with a
                 model consisting of the log-energy output of a
                 20-channel mel-scale FFT-based filterbank. The auditory
                 model resulted in better recognition scores for all
                 conditions tested.",
}

@InProceedings{HuntBlack96,
  author =       "Andrew J. Hunt and Alan W. Black",
  booktitle =    icassp96,
  title =        "Unit selection in a concatenative speech synthesis
                 system using a large speech database",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Atlanta, GA",
  pages =        "373--376",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InCollection{Huybregts,
  author =       "Riny Huybregts",
  editor =       "Ger de Haan and Mieke Trommele and Wim Zonneveld",
  booktitle =    "Van Periferie naar Kern",
  title =        "The weak inadequacy of context-free phrase structure
                 grammars",
  publisher =    "Foris",
  address =      "Dordrecht$\dag$",
  year =         "1984",
  note =         "Cited in Pullum (1991)",
}

@InProceedings{Hwa99,
  author =       "Rebecca Hwa",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the ACL",
  title =        "Supervised Grammar Induction using Training Data with
                 Limited Constituent Information",
  address =      "College Park, Maryland",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{Hwa02,
  author =       "Rebecca Hwa and Philip Resnik and Amy Weinberg and Okan Kolak",
  booktitle =    ACL02,
  title =        "Evaluating Translational Correspondence using Annotation Projection",
  year=2002,
  url="http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~hwa/acl02.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{albrecht-acl07,
 author="Joshua Albrecht and Rebecca Hwa",
 year=2007,
 title="Regression for Sentence-Level MT Evaluation with Pseudo References",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the ACL",
 adderss="Prague, Czech Republic",
 url="http://www.cs.pitt.edu/~hwa/jsarh07b.pdf"
}


@InProceedings{Hwang1992,
  author =       "M. Y. Hwang and X. Huang",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Intl.\ Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing",
  title =        "Subphonetic Modeling with {M}arkov States --- Senone",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "San Francisco, California, USA",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Book{HymFou81,
  author =       "Dell Hymes and John Fought",
  title =        "American Structuralism",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1981",
  series =       "Janua Linguarum Series Minor, no. 102",
}

@InProceedings{Ingria,
  author =       "Robert J. P. Ingria",
  booktitle =    ACL90,
  title =        "The Limits of Unification",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  pages =        "194--204",
  month =        June,
  year =         "1990",
}

@Misc{Inkelas95,
  author =       "Sharon Inkelas and Orhan Orgun",
  title =        "Level (non)ordering in recursive morphology: evidence
                 from Turkish",
  year =         "1995",
  howpublished = "Presented at the Conference on morphology and its
                 interactions with syntax and phonology",
}

@InCollection{InkOrg,
  author =       "Sharon Inkelas and Orhan Orgun",
  editor =       "Richard Wiese",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Workshop on Recent Developments in
                 Lexical Phonology",
  title =        "Level Economy, Derived Environment Effects, and the
                 Treatment of Exceptions",
  publisher =    "H. Heine Universit{\" }at",
  address =      "D{\" }usseldorf",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{Intrator90,
  author =       "N. Intrator",
  editor =       "D. S. Touretzky and R. P. Lippmann",
  booktitle =    nips,
  title =        "A Neural Network For Feature Extraction",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  pages =        "719--726",
  year =         "1990",
}

@PhdThesis{IntratorPhd,
  author =       "N. Intrator",
  title =        "Feature Extraction Using an Exploratory Projection
                 Pursuit Neural Network",
  school =       "Brown University",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{IntratorTajchman91,
  author =       "N. Intrator and G. Tajchman",
  editor =       "B. H. Juang and S. Y. Kung and C. A. Kamm",
  booktitle =    "Neural Networks for Signal Processing: Proceedings of
                 1991 IEEE-SP Workshop",
  title =        "Unsupervised Feature Extraction From a Cochlear Model
                 for Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "IEEE",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{ipp,
  author =       "Roger C. Schank and Michael Lebowitz and Lawrence
                 Birnbaum",
  title =        "An integrated understander",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--30",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{Irons61,
  author =       "Edgar T. Irons",
  title =        "A Syntax Directed Compiler for {ALGOL} 60",
  journal =      CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "51--55",
  year =         "1961",
}

% article{MarkelGray76}

@InProceedings{isozaki-EtAl:2010:WMT,
  author    = {Isozaki, Hideki  and  Sudoh, Katsuhito  and  Tsukada, Hajime  and  Duh, Kevin},
  title     = {Head Finalization: A Simple Reordering Rule for SOV Languages},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Fifth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation and Metrics},
  year      = {2010},
  pages     = {244--251},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W10-1736}
}

@Article{Ita75,
  author =       "F. Itakura",
  title =        "Minimum Prediction Residual Principle Applied to
                 Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "ASSP-32",
  pages =        "67--72",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
}

@InProceedings{Itahashi92,
  author =       "S. Itahashi and T. Yamashita",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "A Discrimination Method Between Japanese Dialects",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "1015--1018",
  year =         "1992",
}

% article{MarkelGray76}

@Article{Itakura75,
  author =       "F. Itakura",
  title =        "Minimum Prediction Residual Principle Applied to
                 Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "IEEE--ASSP",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "67--72",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
}

@Book{iwpt3,
  title =        iwpt3,
  address =      "Tilburg, The Netherlands/Durbuy, Belgium",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1993",
  booktitle =    iwpt3,
}

@InProceedings{Iye97,
  author =       "Rukmini Iyer and Mari Ostendorf",
  booktitle =    EUROSPEECH97,
  title =        "Transforming out-of-domain estimates to improve
                 in-domain language models",
  pages =        "1975--1978",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Iyer99,
  author =       "Rukimini M. Iyer and Mari Ostendorf",
  title =        "Modeling Long Distance Dependencies in Language: Topic
                 Mixtures Versus Dynamic Cache Model",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing",
  volume =       "7",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{Iyer:94,
  author =       "Rukmini Iyer and Mari Ostendorf and J. Robin
                 Rohlicek",
  booktitle =    "ARPA Human Language Technologies Workshop",
  title =        "Language Modeling with Sentence-Level Mixtures",
  address =      "Plainsboro, N.J.",
  pages =        "82--86",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{j:cle,
  editor =       "Hiyan Alshawi",
  title =        "The Core Language Engine",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1992",
  callnumber =   "Main Stack P99.C583 1992",
}

@Book{Jack,
  author =       "Ray Jackendoff",
  title =        "{X}-bar Syntax: {A} Study of Phrase Structure",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1977",
  series =       "Linguistic Inquiry Monograph no. 2",
}

@Article{Jack75,
  author =       "Ray Jackendoff",
  title =        "Morphological and Semantic Regularities in the
                 Lexicon",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "639--671",
  year =         "1975",
}

@Book{Jack82,
  author =       "Ray Jackendoff",
  title =        "Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Book{Jackendoff72,
  author =       "Ray Jackendoff",
  title =        "Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, Massachusetts",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Book{Jackendoff83,
  author =       "Ray Jackendoff",
  title =        "Semantics and Cognition",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{Jackson92,
  author =       "Eric Jackson",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "Integrating Two Complementary Approaches to Spoken
                 Language Understanding",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "I.333--336",
  year =         "1992",
}

@PhdThesis{Jacobs:85,
  author =       "Paul Jacobs",
  title =        "A Knowledge-Based Approach to Language Generation",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1985",
  note =         "Available as University of California at Berkeley
                 Computer Science Division Tech. rep. \#86/254",
}

@Article{JacobsAI87,
  author =       "Paul Jacobs",
  title =        "Knowledge-Based Natural Language Generation",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  volume =       "33",
  pages =        "325--378",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{scissors,
  author="Jacobs, P. and Rau, L.", 
  title="Innovations in Text Interpretation",
  journal="Artificial Intelligence",
  volume="63",
  month="October",
  year="1993",
  note="Special Issue on Text Understanding"
}


@Article{Jain,
  author =       "Ajay N. Jain",
  title =        "Parsing Complex Sentences with Structured
                 Connectionist Networks",
  journal =      "Neural Computation",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "110--120",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Jakobson,
  author =       "Roman Jakobson",
  editor =       "Edgard Blancquaert and Willem {P\'{e}e}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Third International Congress of
                 Phonetic Sciences",
  title =        "Observations sur le classement phonologique des
                 consonnes",
  address =      "Ghent",
  pages =        "34--41",
  year =         "1939",
}

@Book{JakobsonAphasia,
  author =       "Roman Jakobson",
  title =        "Child Language, Aphasia, and Phonological Universals",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1968",
}

@Book{JakobsonFantHalle63,
  author =       "Roman Jakobson and Gunnar Fant and Morris Halle",
  title =        "Preliminaries to Speech Analysis",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, Mass",
  year =         "1952",
}

@Book{JAnd95,
  author =       "James A. Anderson",
  title =        "An Introduction to Neural Networks",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1995",
}

@TechReport{jarvinen,
  author =       "Timo {J\"{a}rvinen} and Pasi Tapanainen",
  title =        "A Dependency Parser for {E}nglish",
  number =       "TR-1",
  institution =  "Department of General Linguistics, University of
                 Helsinki",
  address =      "Helsinki",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{JebPen98, 
  author = "Jebara, T. and Pentland, A.", 
  title = "Maximum conditional likelihood via bound maximization and the {CEM} algorithm", 
  booktitle = "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 11", 
  year = "1998" 
}


@Article{Jeff73,
  author =       "Gail Jefferson",
  title =        "A case of precision timing in ordinary conversation:
                 Overlapped tag-positioned address terms in closing
                 sequences",
  journal =      "Semiotica",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "47--96",
  year =         "1973",
}

%Kay, Paul. 1987.  Linguistic competence and folk theories of language: Two {E}nglish hedges
%.
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%        Dorothy Holland and Naomi Quinn, 67-77. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
%
%Lakoff, George. 1972.  Hedges:  a study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concep
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@Article{Jefferson84,
  author =       "Gail Jefferson",
  title =        "Notes on a systematic deployment of the
                 acknowledgement tokens `yeah' and `mm hm'",
  journal =      "Papers in Linguistics",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "197--216",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{Jefferson93,
  author =       "Gail Jefferson",
  title =        "Caveat Speaker: Preliminary Notes on Recipient
                 Topic-Shift Implicature",
  journal =      "Research on Language and Social Interaction",
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--30",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "Originally published 1983",
}

@Book{Jeffreys48,
  author =       "H. Jeffreys",
  title =        "Theory of Probability",
  publisher =    "Clarendon Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1948",
  note =         "2nd edn Section 3.23",
}

@Misc{Jekat,
  author =       "Jekat, Susanne and Alexandra Klein and Elisabeth Maier and Ilona Maleck and Marion Mast and Joachim Quantz",
  title =        "{Dialogue Acts in VERBMOBIL}
                 Verbmobil--Report--65--95",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{Jel69,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek",
  title =        "A fast sequential decoding algorithm using a stack",
  journal =      "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "675--685",
  year =         "1969",
}

@Article{Jel75,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek and Robert L. Mercer and Lalit. R.
                 Bahl",
  title =        "Design of a Linguistic Statistical Decoder for the
                 Recognition of Continuous Speech",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
  volume =       "IT-21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "250--256",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1975",
}

@Article{Jel76,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek",
  title =        "Continuous Speech Recognition by Statistical Methods",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "532--557",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1976",
}

@InCollection{Jel90,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek",
  editor =       "Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee",
  booktitle =    "Readings in Speech Recognition",
  title =        "Self-organized language modeling for speech
                 recognition",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos",
  pages =        "450--506",
  year =         "1990",
  note =         "Originally distributed as IBM technical report in
                 1985",
}

@Book{Jel97,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek",
  title =        "Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1997",
}

@TechReport{Jelinek00,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek",
  title =        "Stochastic Analysis of Structured Language Modeling",
  institution =  "Center for Language and Speech Modeling, Johns Hopkins
                 University",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Jelinek80,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek and Robert L. Mercer",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings, Workshop on Pattern Recognition in
                 Practice",
  title =        "Interpolated Estimation of {Markov} Source Parameters
                 from Sparse Data",
  publisher =    "North Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "381--397",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{Jelinek91,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek and John D. Lafferty",
  title =        "Computation of the Probability of Initial Substring
                 Generation by Stochastic Context-Free Grammars",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "315--323",
  year =         "1991",
  annote =       "As the title implies. Uses various applications of
                 dynamic programming and recurrence resolution to
                 compute prefix posterior probabilities. Involves matrix
                 inversion, resulting in complexity cubic in the length
                 of the prefix and the size of the grammar.",
}

@InProceedings{Jelineketal94,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek and John D. Lafferty and David M.
                 Magerman and Robert L. Mercer and Adwait Ratnaparkhi
                 and Salim Roukos",
  booktitle =    "ARPA Human Language Technologies Workshop",
  title =        "Decision Tree Parsing using a Hidden Derivation
                 Model",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Plainsboro, N.J.",
  pages =        "272--277",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{JelLaf91,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek and John D. Lafferty",
  title =        "Computation of the Probability of Initial Substring
                 Generation by Stochastic Context-Free Grammars",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "315--323",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{JelMer80,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek and Robert L. Mercer",
  editor =       "Edzard S. Gelsema and Laveen N. Kanal",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings, Workshop on Pattern Recognition in
                 Practice",
  title =        "Interpolated estimation of {M}arkov source parameters
                 from sparse data",
  publisher =    "North Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "381--397",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{JelMerBahBak,
  author =       "Frederick Jelinek and R. L. Mercer and L. R. Bahl and
                 J. K. Baker",
  title =        "Perplexity -- a measure of the difficulty of speech
                 recognition tasks",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "62",
  pages =        "S63",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  note =         "Supplement 1",
}

@Article{JenkinsEtal83,
  author =       "J. J. Jenkins and W. Strange and T. R. Edman",
  title =        "Identification of Vowels in 'Vowelless' Syllables",
  journal =      "Perception and Psychophysics",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "441--450",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{Jennings,
  author =       "F. Jennings and B. Randall and L. K. TYler",
  title =        "Graded Effects of Verb Subcategory Preferences on
                 Parsing: {S}upport for Constraint-satisfaction models",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "485--504",
  year =         "1997",
}

@article{jensen-90,
     author = "Finn V. Jensen and Steffen L. Lauritzen and Kristian G. Olesen",
     title = "Bayesian updating in causal probabilistic networks by local computations",
     journal = "Computational Statistics Quarterly",
     volume = "4",
     pages = "269--282",
     year = "1990"  }

@InProceedings{ jensen-uai94,
    author = "Finn V. Jensen and Frank Jensen",
    title = "Optimal junction trees",
    booktitle="Uncertainty and Artificial Intelligence",
    year=1994,
    url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/jensen94optimal.html" }



@Book{Jensen95,
  author =       "Finn Jensen",
  title =        "Bayesian Networks",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{Jescheniak,
  author =       "J. D. Jescheniak and W. J. M. Levelt",
  title =        "Word frequency effects in speech production:
                 {R}etrieval of syntactic information and of
                 phonological form",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory
                 and Cognition",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "824--843",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Jespersen,
  author =       "Otto Jespersen",
  title =        "The Philosophy of Grammar",
  publisher =    "W. W. Norton",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1924/1965",
}

@Book{Jespersen23,
  author =       "Otto Jespersen",
  title =        "Language",
  publisher =    "Henry Holt",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1922",
}

@Book{JespersenGrammar,
  author =       "Otto Jespersen",
  title =        "Essentials of English Grammar",
  year =         "1933",
}

@InProceedings{JimenezMarzal-spr00,
  author    = {V\'{\i}ctor M. Jim{\'e}nez and
               Andr{\'e}s Marzal},
  title     = {Computation of the N Best Parse Trees for Weighted and Stochastic
               Context-Free Grammars},
  booktitle = {Advances in Pattern Recognition, Joint IAPR International
               Workshops SSPR 2000 and SPR 2000, [8th International Workshop
               on Structural and Syntactic Pattern Recognition, 3rd International
               Workshop on Statistical Techniques in Pattern Recognition],
               Alicante, Spain, August 30 - September 1, 2000, Proceedings},
  year      = {2000},
  pages     = {183-192},
  ee        = {http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/bibs/1876/18760183.htm},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@InProceedings{JimenezMarzal-wea03,
  author    = {V\'{\i}ctor M. Jim{\'e}nez and
               Andr{\'e}s Marzal},
  title     = {A Lazy Version of Eppstein's {\it } Shortest Paths Algorithm},
  booktitle = {Experimental and Efficient Algorithms, Second International
               Workshop, WEA 2003, Ascona, Switzerland, May 26-28, 2003,
               Proceedings},
  year      = {2003},
  pages     = {179-190},
  ee        = {http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2647/26470179.htm},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@InProceedings{Jing00a,
  author =       "Hongyan Jing",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 6th Applied Natural Language
                 Processing Conference (ANLP'00)",
  title =        "Sentence simplification in automatic text
                 summarization",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Jing98a,
  author =       "Hongyan Jing and Regina Barzilay and Kathleen McKeown
                 and Michael Elhadad",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {AAAI}-98 {S}pring {S}ymposium on
                 {I}ntelligent {T}ext {S}ummarization",
  title =        "Summarization evaluation methods: Experiments and
                 analysis",
  address =      "Stanford",
  pages =        "60--68",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{JingMcK98,
  author =       "Hongyan Jing and Kathleen R. McKeown",
  booktitle =    COLING98,
  title =        "Combining Multiple, Large-Scale Resources in a
                 Reusable Lexicon for Natural Language Generation",
  publisher =    "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "607--613",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{JMiller94,
  author =       "Joanne L. Miller",
  title =        "On the internal structure of phonetic categories: a
                 progress report",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "271--275",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Joe95,
  author =       "W. J. Ebel and J. Picone",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the January 1995 ARPA Spoken Language
                 Systems Technology Workshop",
  title =        "Human Speech Recognition Performance on the 1994 {CSR}
                 {S}poke 10 Corpus",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Austin, TX",
  pages =        "53--59",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{DBLP:conf/emnlp/JohanssonN08,
  author    = {Richard Johansson and
               Pierre Nugues},
  title     = {Dependency-based Semantic Role Labeling of PropBank},
  booktitle = {EMNLP},
  year      = {2008},
  pages     = {69-78},
  ee        = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D08-1008},
  crossref  = {DBLP:conf/emnlp/2008},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@Book{Joh88,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  title =        "Attribute-Value Logic and the Theory of Grammar",
  publisher =    "Chicago University Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1988",
  series =       "CSLI Lecture Notes",
}

@Article{Joh89,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  title =        "Parsing as deduction: {T}he use of knowledge of
                 language",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "105--128",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Joh90,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  booktitle =    ACL90,
  title =        "Expressing Disjunctive and Negative Feature
                 Constraints with Classical First-Order Logic",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  pages =        "173--179",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InCollection{Joh91,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  editor =       "Robert C. Berwick and Steven P. Abney and Carol
                 Tenny",
  booktitle =    "Principle-Based Parsing: Computation and
                 Psycholinguistics",
  title =        "Deductive Parsing: The Use of Knowledge of Language",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "39--64",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{johnson-emnlp07,
  author    = {Johnson, Mark},
  title     = {Why Doesn't {EM} Find Good {HMM} {POS}-Taggers?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2007},
  address   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {296--305},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D07/D07-1031}
}

@article{johnson-split,
 author = {Johnson, Mark},
 title = {{PCFG} models of linguistic tree representations},
 journal = {Computational Linguistics},
 volume = 24,
 number = 4,
 year = 1998,
 issn = {0891-2017},
 pages = {613--632},
 publisher = {MIT Press},
 address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
}

@InProceedings{Johnson+Griffiths+Goldwater:2007,
 title=" Bayesian Inference for {PCFG}s via {M}arkov chain {M}onte {C}arlo",
 author="Mark Johnson and Thomas L. Griffiths and Sharon Goldwater",
 booktitle=NAACL07,
 year=2007,
}

@InProceedings{Johnson01a,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2001)",
  title =        "Joint and conditional estimation of tagging and
                 parsing models",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  pages =        "314--321",
  year =         "2001",
}


@InProceedings{Johnson-acl02,
  author = "Mark Johnson",
  title = "A Simple Pattern-Matching Algorithm for Recovering Empty Nodes and Their Antecedents",
  booktitle =    ACL02,
  year =         2002,
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  url = "citeseer.nj.nec.com/johnson02simple.html" }

@article{Johnson-dop,
 author="Mark Johnson",
 title="The {DOP} estimation method is biased and inconsistent",
 journal="Computational Linguistics",
 volume=28,
 issue=1, 
 pages="71--76",
 year=2002,
 url="http://titan.cog.brown.edu:16080/~mj/papers/dop.pdf",
}

@Book{Johnson72,
  author =       "C. Douglas Johnson",
  title =        "Formal Aspects of Phonological Description",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1972",
  note =         "Monographs on Linguistic Analysis No. 3",
}

@InProceedings{Johnson84,
  author =       "Mark Johnson",
  booktitle =    COLING84,
  title =        "A discovery procedure for certain phonological rules",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  pages =        "344--347",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InProceedings{johnson-acl07,
  author    = {Johnson, Mark},
  title     = {Transforming Projective Bilexical Dependency Grammars into efficiently-parsable {CFGs} with Unfold-Fold},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2007},
  location   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  pages     = {168--175},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P07-1022}
}

@Book{Johnson97,
  author =       "Keith Johnson",
  title =        "Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics",
  publisher =    "Blackwell",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Johnson99c,
  author =       "Mark Johnson and Stuart Geman and Stephen Canon and
                 Zhiyi Chi and Stefan Riezler",
  booktitle =    "The Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics",
  title =        "Estimators for Stochastic ``Unification-Based''
                 Grammars",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "535--541",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{Jones,
  author =       "Mark A. Jones and Jason Eisner",
  booktitle =    "AAAI-92 Workshop on Statistically-Based NLP
                 Techniques",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Parser and Its Application",
  address =      "San Jose, CA",
  pages =        "20--27",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Book{Jones47,
  author =       "Daniel Jones",
  title =        "An English Pronouncing Dictionary",
  publisher =    "E. P. Dutton and Company",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1947",
}

@InProceedings{JonesEisner2,
  author =       "Mark A. Jones and Jason Eisner",
  booktitle =    "AAAI-92",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Parser Applied to Software Testing
                 Documents",
  address =      "San Jose, CA",
  pages =        "322--328",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{JonesMartin97,
  author =       "Michael P. Jones and James H. Martin",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Applied Natural
                 Language Processing {(ANLP'97)}",
  title =        "Contextual Spelling Correction Using Latent Semantic
                 Analysis",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "166--173",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Joos,
  author =       "Martin Joos",
  title =        "Semantic Axiom Number One",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "257--265",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Article{Joos-other,
  author =       "Martin Joos",
  title =        "Review of {E}ric {H}amp \em {A} glossary of {A}merican
                 technical linguistic usage \rm",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "279--288",
  year =         "1958",
}

@Book{Jordan99,
  editor =       "Michael I. Jordan",
  title =        "Learning in Graphical Models",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1999",
}

@TechReport{Jordan:93,
  author =       "Michael I. Jordan and Robert A. Jacobs",
  title =        "Hierarchical Mixtures of Expert and the {EM}
                 Algorithm",
  type =         "Memo",
  number =       "1440",
  institution =  "Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Jordan:94,
  author =       "Michael I. Jordan and Robert A. Jacobs",
  title =        "Hierarchical Mixtures of Experts and the {EM}
                 Algorithm",
  journal =      "Neural Computation",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "181--214",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Jordan-ml99,
  author="M. I. Jordan and Z. Ghahramani and T. S. Jaakkola and L. K. Saul",
  title="Introduction to Variational Methods for Graphical Models",
  journal="Machine Learning",
  volume=37,
  pages="183--233",
  year=1999,
}

@incollection{joshi-schabes-tag,
  author="Joshi, A.K. and Schabes, Y.",
  title="Tree-Adjoining Grammars",
  booktitle="Handbook of Formal Languages", 
  editor="G. Rozenberg and A. Salomaa",
  volume=3,
  publisher="Springer",
  address="Berlin",
  year=1997, 
  pages="69--124",
}

@InCollection{Jos99,
  author =       "Aravind K. Joshi and Phil Hopely",
  editor =       "Andr\'{a}s Kornai",
  booktitle =    "Extended Finite State Models of Language",
  title =        "A Parser from Antiquity",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "6--15",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{Joshi75,
  author =       "A. K. Joshi and L. S. Levy and M. Takahashi",
  title =        "Tree Adjunct Grammars",
  journal =      "Journal of Computer and System Sciences",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "136--163",
  year =         "1975",
  callnumber =   "Engineering QA76.A1.J65",
  issue =        "1",
}

@InProceedings{JosSri94,
  author =       "Aravind K. Joshi and B. Srinivas",
  booktitle =    COLING94,
  title =        "Disambiguation of Super Parts of Speech (or
                 Supertags): {A}lmost Parsing",
  address =      "Kyoto",
  pages =        "154--160",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{JosVij89,
  author =       "Aravind K. Joshi and K. Vijay-Shanker",
  booktitle =    ACL89,
  title =        "Treatment of Long Distance Dependencies in {LFG} and
                 {TAG}: Functional Uncertainty in {LFG} is a Corollary
                 in {TAG}",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Vancouver, Canada",
  pages =        "220--227",
  month =        June,
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{ joshi-94-complexity,
    author = "Aravind K. Joshi and Tilman Becker and Owen Rambow",
    title = "Complexity of Scrambling: {A} New Twist to the Competence -- Performance Distinction",
    booktitle="3e Colloque International sur les grammaires d'Arbres Adjoints",
    url="http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/joshi94complexity.html",
    year=1994
}


@InProceedings{JulTan93,
  author =       "Cornell Juliano and Michael K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    cogsci:93,
  title =        "Contingent frequency effects in syntactic ambiguity
                 resolution",
  address =      "Boulder, CO",
  pages =        "593--598",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Unpublished{Juola99,
  author =       "Patrick Juola",
  title =        "Measuring Linguistic Complexity",
  year =         "1999",
  note =         "Presented at the 4th Conference on Conceptual
                 Structure, Discourse, and Language (CSDL-4), Georgia",
}

@InCollection{Jur00,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Alan Bell and Michelle Gregory and
                 William D. Raymond",
  editor =       "Joan Bybee and Paul Hopper",
  booktitle =    "Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure",
  title =        "Probabilistic Relations between Words: Evidence from
                 Reduction in Lexical Production",
  publisher =    "Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "2001",
   pages = "229--254",
}

@Unpublished{Jurafsky-Miyake:96,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Akira Miyake",
  title =        "Proposal to the {M}c{D}onnell-{P}ew {F}oundation: {A}
                 Capacity-Constrained Probabilistic Approach to Aphasic
                 Sentence Comprehension",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "Submitted Feb 1996",
}

@Unpublished{Jurafsky-sger:96,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "{NSF} Grant #{IRI}-9704046: {SGER}: {U}sing text
                 coherence and verbal valence in long-distance {\em
                 N}-grams",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "Submitted to CISE/IRI/Interactive Systems October
                 1996",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:88-cant,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    BLS88,
  title =        "On the Semantics of the {C}antonese Changed Tone",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "304--318",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:88-coling,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    COLING88,
  title =        "Issues in Relating Syntax and Semantics",
  address =      "Budapest",
  pages =        "278--284",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:90,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    COLING90,
  title =        "Representing and Integrating Linguistic Knowledge",
  address =      "Helsinki",
  pages =        "199--204",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:91,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    cogsci:91,
  title =        "An On-line Model of Human Sentence Interpretation",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "449--454",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:92,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    AAAI92,
  title =        "An On-Line Computational Model of Human Sentence
                 Interpretation",
  address =      "San Jose, CA",
  pages =        "302--308",
  year =         "1992",
}

@PhdThesis{Jurafsky:92-thesis,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "An On-line Computational Model of Human Sentence
                 Interpretation: {A} Theory of the Representation and
                 Use of Linguistic Knowledge",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1992",
  note =         "Available as University of California at Berkeley
                 Computer Science Division Tech. rep. \#92/676",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:93a,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  editor =       "Joshua Guenter and Barbara Kaiser and Cheryl Zoll",
  booktitle =    BLS93,
  title =        "Universals in the Semantics of the Diminutive",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "423--436",
  year =         "1993",
  editors =      "Joshua Guenter and Barbara Kaiser and Cheryl Zoll",
}

@TechReport{Jurafsky:93b,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "A Cognitive Model of Sentence Interpretation: the
                 Construction Grammar approach",
  number =       "TR-93-077",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:94-aaai,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Chuck Wooters and Gary Tajchman
                 and Jonathan Segal and Andreas Stolcke and Nelson
                 Morgan",
  booktitle =    "AAAI Workshop on Integrating Speech and Natural
                 Language Processing",
  title =        "Integrating Advanced Models of Syntax, Phonology, and
                 Accent/Dialect with a Speech Recognizer",
  address =      "Seattle",
  pages =        "107--115",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:94-icslp,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Chuck Wooters and Gary Tajchman
                 and Jonathan Segal and Andreas Stolcke and Eric Fosler
                 and Nelson Morgan",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
  title =        "The {B}erkeley Restaurant Project",
  address =      "Yokohama, Japan",
  pages =        "2139--2142",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Unpublished{Jurafsky:95,
  author =       "Dan Jurafsky and Barbara Fox and Nelson Morgan and
                 Andreas Stolcke",
  title =        "{NSF} Proposal: {P}robabilistic Context-Free Grammars
                 For Spontaneous Speech Recognition",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Submitted to CISE/IRI/Interactive Systems October
                 1995",
}

@Article{Jurafsky:95-cogsci,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Model of Lexical and Syntactic Access
                 and Disambiguation",
  journal =      "\em Cognitive Science",
  year =         "in press",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:95-icassp,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Chuck Wooters and Gary Tajchman
                 and Jonathan Segal and Andreas Stolcke and Eric Fosler
                 and Nelson Morgan",
  booktitle =    icassp95,
  title =        "Using a Stochastic Context-Free Grammar as a Language
                 Model for Speech Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "189--192",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Unpublished{Jurafsky:95-inaid,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "{CRCW} Grant-In-Aid Proposal: {A} Probabilistic
                 Valence Dictionary for Spontaneous {E}nglish Speech",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Submitted to CU Boulder Graduate School CRCW December
                 1, 1995",
}

@Unpublished{Jurafsky:96,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "Universal tendencies in the semantics of the
                 diminutive: {S}tructured polysemy and the semantic
                 shift from children to second-order predicates",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Submitted to {\em Language}",
}

@Article{Jurafsky:96-cogsci,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Model of Lexical and Syntactic Access
                 and Disambiguation",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "137--194",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{Jurafsky:96-dim,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  title =        "Universal tendencies in the semantics of the
                 diminutive",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "72",
  pages =        "533--578",
  year =         "1996",
}

@TechReport{Jurafsky:97-damsl,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Elizabeth Shriberg and Debra
                 Biasca",
  title =        "{S}witchboard {SWBD-DAMSL} {L}abeling {P}roject
                 {C}oder's {M}anual, {D}raft 13",
  number =       "97-02",
  institution =  "University of Colorado Institute of Cognitive
                 Science",
  year =         "1997",
  note =         "Also available as
                 \verb+http://www.colorado.edu/ling/jurafsky/manual.august1.html+",
}

@InProceedings{Jurafsky:icslp98red,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Alan Bell and Eric Fosler-Lussier
                 and Cynthia Girand and William D. Raymond",
  booktitle =    icslp98,
  title =        "Reduction of {E}nglish function words in
                 {S}witchboard",
  volume =       "7",
  address =      "Sydney",
  pages =        "3111--3114",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{JurafskyEtAl:acl,
  author =       "D. Jurafsky and E. Shriberg and B. Fox and T. Curl",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {COLING-ACL} Workshop on Discourse
                 Relations and Discourse Markers",
  title =        "Lexical, Prosodic, and Syntactic Cues for Dialog
                 Acts",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "114--120",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{Jurafskyprag,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky",
  editor =       "Laurence R. Horn and Gregory Ward",
  booktitle =    "Handbook of Pragmatics",
  title =        "Pragmatics and Computational Linguistics",
  publisher =    "Blackwell",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{JuretalASRU:97,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Rebecca Bates and Noah Coccaro and
                 Rachel Martin and Marie Meteer and Klaus Ries and
                 Elizabeth Shriberg and Andreas Stolcke and Paul Taylor
                 and Carol {Van Ess-Dykema}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Workshop on Speech
                 Recognition and Understanding",
  title =        "Automatic Detection of Discourse Structure for Speech
                 Recognition and Understanding",
  address =      "Santa Barbara",
  pages =        "88--95",
  year =         "1997",
}

@TechReport{JuretalTR:98,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Rebecca Bates and Noah Coccaro and
                 Rachel Martin and Marie Meteer and Klaus Ries and
                 Elizabeth Shriberg and Andreas Stolcke and Paul Taylor
                 and Carol {Van Ess-Dykema}",
  title =        "Switchboard Discourse Language Modeling Project
                 Report",
  type =         "Research Note",
  number =       "30",
  institution =  "Center for Speech and Language Processing, Johns
                 Hopkins University",
  address =      "Baltimore, MD",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{JurLabPhon01,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Alan Bell and Cynthia Girand",
  editor =       "Natasha Warner and Carlos Gussenhoven",
  booktitle =    "Papers in Laboratory Phonology 7",
  title =        "The Role of the Lemma in Form Variation",
  address = "Berlin/New York",
  publisher = "Mouton de Gruyter",
  pages = "1--34",
  year =         "2002",
}

@InProceedings{JurShrEtAl:98,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Elizabeth E. Shriberg and Barbara
                 Fox and Traci Curl",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of ACL/COLING-98 Workshop on Discourse
                 Relations and Discourse Markers",
  title =        "Lexical, Prosodic, and Syntactic Cues for Dialog
                 Acts",
  organization = "ACL",
  pages =        "114--120",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{JurShrFoxCur,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and Elizabeth E. Shriberg and Barbara
                 Fox and Traci Curl",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of ACL/COLING-98 Workshop on Discourse
                 Relations and Discourse Markers",
  title =        "Lexical, Prosodic, and Syntactic Cues for Dialog
                 Acts",
  organization = "ACL",
  address = "Montreal",
  pages =        "114--120",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{JustCarpenter1980,
  author =       "Marcel Adam Just and Patricia A. Carpenter",
  title =        "A Theory of Reading: {F}rom Eye Fixations to
                 Comprehension",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  volume =       "87",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "123--154",
  year =         "1980",
}

@PhdThesis{Kahn,
  author =       "Dan Kahn",
  title =        "Syllable-based generalizations in {E}nglish
                 phonology",
  school =       "MIT",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InProceedings{Kai,
  author =       "Atsuhiko Kai and Seiichi Nakagawa",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "A Frame-Synchronous Continuous Speech Recognition
                 Algorithm Using a Top-Down Parsing of Context-Free
                 Grammar",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "I.257--260",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Book{Kaisse85,
  author =       "E. Kaisse",
  title =        "Connected Speech: the Interaction of Syntax and
                 Phonology",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{kallmeyer-tag04,
    author = {Laura Kallmeyer and SinWon Yoon},
    title = {Tree-local {MCTAG} with Shared Nodes: Word Order Variation in {G}erman and {K}orean},
    booktitle = {Proc.\ TAG+7},
	month = {May},
    year = 2004,
    address = {Vancouver}
}

@InCollection{Kamm94,
  author =       "Candace A. Kamm",
  editor =       "David B. Roe and Jay G. Wilpon",
  booktitle =    "Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines",
  title =        "User Interfaces for Voice Applications",
  publisher =    "National Academy Press",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "422--442",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Kap72,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan",
  title =        "Augmented {T}ransition {N}etworks as Psychological
                 Models of Sentence Comprehension",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "77--100",
  year =         "1972",
}

@InCollection{Kap73,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan",
  editor =       "Randall Rustin",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "A General Syntactic Processor",
  publisher =    "Algorithmics Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "193--241",
  year =         "1973",
}

@InCollection{Kap87,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan",
  editor =       "P. Whitelock and M. M. Wood and H. L. Somers and R.
                 Johnson and P. Bennett",
  booktitle =    "Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications",
  title =        "Three seductions of Computational Psycholinguistics",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "London",
  pages =        "149--188",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InCollection{KapBre82,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan and Joan Bresnan",
  editor =       "Joan Bresnan",
  booktitle =    "The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations",
  title =        "Lexical-Functional Grammar: {A} Formal System for
                 Grammatical Representation",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "173--281",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{KapKay94,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan and Martin Kay",
  title =        "Regular Models of Phonological Rule Systems",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "331--378",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Unpublished{KaplanKay81,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan and Martin Kay",
  title =        "Phonological Rules and Finite-State Transducers",
  year =         "1981",
  note =         "Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the
                 Linguistics Society of America. New York",
}

@InProceedings{KapMax88,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan and John T. {Maxwell, III}",
  booktitle =    COLING88,
  title =        "An Algorithm for Functional Uncertainty",
  address =      "Budapest",
  pages =        "297--302",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{KapZae89,
  author =       "Ronald M. Kaplan and Annie Zaenen",
  editor =       "Mark R. Baltin and Anthony S. Kroch",
  booktitle =    "Alternative Conceptions of Phrase Structure",
  title =        "Long-Distance Dependencies, Constituent Structure, and
                 Functional Uncertainty",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "17--42",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Kar83,
  author =       "Lauri Karttunen",
  booktitle =    "Texas Linguistics Forum 22",
  title =        "{KIMMO}: {A} general morphological processor",
  pages =        "165--186",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InCollection{Kar89,
  author =       "Lauri Karttunen",
  editor =       "Mark R. Baltin and Anthony S. Kroch",
  booktitle =    "Alternative Conceptions of Phrase Structure",
  title =        "Radical Lexicalism",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "43--65",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InCollection{Kar93,
  author =       "Lauri Karttunen",
  editor =       "John Goldsmith",
  booktitle =    "The Last Phonological Rule",
  title =        "Finite-State Constraints",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  pages =        "173--194",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Kar95,
  editor =       "Fred Karlsson and Atro Voutilainen and Juha
                 Heikkil{\"{a}} and Arto Anttila",
  title =        "Constraint Grammar: {A} Language-Independent System
                 for Parsing Unrestricted Text",
  publisher =    "Mouton de Gruyter",
  address =      "Berlin",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InCollection{Kar99,
  author =       "Lauri Karttunen",
  editor =       "Andr\'{a}s Kornai",
  booktitle =    "Extended Finite State Models of Language",
  title =        "Comments on {Joshi}",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "16--18",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{Karlgren,
  author =       "Hans Karlgren",
  title =        "Why Trees in Syntax",
  journal =      "Studia Linguistica",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--33",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InProceedings{Karp72,
 author="Richard M. Karp",
 title="Reducibility among Combinatorial Problems",
 booktitle="Complexity of Computer Computations",
 pages="85--103",
 editor="R. E. Miller and J. W. Thatcher",
 year=1972,
 callnumber="Carlson	 QA76.6 .S92 1972"
}


@Article{Karp:87,
  author =       "Richard M. Karp and Michael O. Rabin",
  title =        "Efficient randomized pattern-matching algorithms",
  journal =      "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "249--260",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{Kartopt,
  author =       "Lauri Karttunen",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of FSMNLP'98: International Workshop on
                 Finite-State Methods in Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "The Proper Treatment of Optimality in Computational
                 Phonology",
  address =      "Bilkent University. Ankara, Turkey",
  pages =        "1--12",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{Karttunen,
  author =       "Lauri Karttunen",
  editor =       "John Goldsmith",
  booktitle =    "The Last Phonological Rule",
  title =        "Finite-State Constraints",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{Karttunen83,
  author =       "Lauri Karttunen",
  booktitle =    "Texas Linguistics Forum 22",
  title =        "{KIMMO}: {A} general morphological processor",
  year =         "1983",
}

@TechReport{Kas,
  author =       "T. Kasami",
  title =        "An efficient recognition and syntax analysis algorithm
                 for context-free languages",
  number =       "AFCRL-65-758",
  institution =  "Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Bedford, MA$\dag$",
  year =         "1965",
}

@Article{KashyapOomen83,
  author =       "R. L. Kashyap and B. J. Oommen",
  title =        "Spelling correction using probabilistic methods",
  journal =      "Pattern Recognition Letters",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "147--154",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{KasRou86,
  author =       "Robert T. Kasper and William C. Rounds",
  booktitle =    ACL86,
  title =        "A Logical Semantics for Feature Structures",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "257--266",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Article{Katz87,
  author =       "Slava M. Katz",
  title =        "Estimation of Probabilities from Sparse Data for the
                 Language Model Component of Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "35",
  year =         "1987",
  issue =        "3",
  pages =        "400--401"
}

%	JOURNAL = "IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing",

@Article{katz:87,
  author =       "Slava M. Katz",
  title =        "Estimation of Probabilities from sparse data for the
                 Language Model component of a speech recogniser",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "400--401",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{kautz-selman-03,
 title="Ten Challenges Redux: Recent Progress in Propositional Reasoning and Search",
 author="Henry Kautz and Bart Selman",
 booktitle="Ninth International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2003)", 
 address="Cork, Ireland",
 year=2003,
 url="http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/kautz/papers/cp03kautz-final.pdf"
}

@Article{Kawamoto93,
  author =       "Alan H. Kawamoto",
  title =        "Nonlinear Dynamics in the Resolution of Lexical
                 Ambiguity",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "474--516",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{Kay67,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  booktitle =    "Proc. 2eme Conference Internationale sur le Traitement
                 Automatique des Langues",
  title =        "Experiments with a Powerful Parser",
  address =      "Grenoble",
  year =         "1967",
}

@InCollection{Kay73,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  editor =       "Randall Rustin",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "The {MIND} System",
  publisher =    "Algorithmics Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "155--188",
  year =         "1973",
}

@InCollection{Kay77,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  editor =       "Antonio Zampolli",
  booktitle =    "Linguistics Structures Processing",
  title =        "Morphological and syntactic analysis",
  publisher =    "North Holland",
  year =         "1977",
}

@InProceedings{Kay79,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  booktitle =    BLS79,
  title =        "Functional Grammar",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "142--158",
  year =         "1979",
}

@InCollection{Kay82,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  editor =       "Sture All{\'e}n",
  booktitle =    "Text Processing: {T}ext Analysis and Generation, Text
                 Typology and Attribution",
  title =        "Algorithm schemata and data structures in syntactic
                 processing",
  publisher =    "Almqvist and Wiksell",
  address =      "Stockholm",
  pages =        "327--358",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InProceedings{kay84,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  booktitle =    COLING84,
  title =        "Functional Unification Grammar: {A} Formalism for
                 Machine Translation",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  pages =        "75--78",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InCollection{Kay85,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  editor =       "David R. Dowty and Lauri Karttunen and Arnold Zwicky",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Parsing",
  title =        "Parsing in functional unification grammar",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "251--278",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Article{Kay90,
  author =       "Paul Kay",
  title =        "Even",
  journal =      "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "59--216",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Kaybinyan,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Third Conference of the European
                 Chapter of the ACL (EACL-87)",
  title =        "Nonconcatenative Finite-State Morphology",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  pages =        "2--10",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{KayFil99,
  author =       "Paul Kay and Charles J. Fillmore",
  title =        "Grammatical Constructions and Linguistic
                 Generalizations: {T}he {What's} {X} {Doing} {Y?}
                 Construction",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--33",
  year =         "1999",
}

%  author = {W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers},

@InBook{KayForward,
  author =       "Martin Kay",
  title =        "Forward to {W}. {J}. Hutchins and {H}. {L}. Somers,
                 {\em An Introduction to Machine Translation}",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  pages =        "xi--xii",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Keating94,
  author =       "Patricia A. Keating and Dani Byrd and Edward Flemming
                 and Yuichi Todaka",
  title =        "Phonetic analysis of word and segment variation using
                 the {TIMIT} corpus of {A}merican {E}nglish",
  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "131--142",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Kegl95,
  author =       "Judy Kegl",
  title =        "Levels of Representation and Units of Access Relevant
                 to Agrammatism",
  journal =      "Brain \& Language",
   volume = "50",
  pages =        "151--200",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Kempen-ijcai,
  author =       "Gerard Kempen",
  booktitle =    IJCAI87,
  title =        "A Framework for Incremental Syntactic Tree Formation",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Kempen-vosse,
  author =       "Gerard Kempen and Theo Vosse",
  title =        "Incremental Syntactic Tree Formation in Human Sentence
                 Processing: a Cognitive Architecture Based on
                 Activation Decay and Simulated Annealing",
  journal =      "Connection Science",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{KerChuGal90,
  author =       "Mark D. Kernighan and Kenneth W. Church and William A.
                 Gale",
  booktitle =    COLING90,
  title =        "A Spelling Correction Program Base on a Noisy Channel
                 Model",
  volume =       "II",
  address =      "Helsinki",
  pages =        "205--211",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Khu99,
  author =       "Sanjeev Khudanpur and Jun Wu",
  booktitle =    icassp99,
  title =        "A Maximum Entropy Language Model Integrating {N}-grams
                 and Topic Dependencies for Conversational Speech
                 Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "553--556",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{Kiessling:93,
  author =       "A. Kie{\ss}ling and R. Kompe and H. Niemann and E.
                 N{\"o}th and A. Batliner",
  editor =       "David House and Paul Touati",
  booktitle =    "{ESCA Workshop on Prosody}",
  title =        "``{Roger}'', ``{Sorry}'', ``{I'm still listening}'':
                 Dialog Guiding Signals in Informational Retrieval
                 Dialogs",
  address =      "Lund, Sweden",
  pages =        "140--143",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Kiessling:97,
  author =       "Andreas Kie{\ss}ling",
  title =        "{Extraktion und Klassifikation prosodischer Merkmale
                 in der automatischen Sprachverarbeitung}",
  publisher =    "Shaker",
  address =      "Aachen, Germany",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{KiesslingEtAl:92,
  author =       "A. Kie{\ss}ling and R. Kompe and H. Niemann and E.
                 N{\"oth} and A. Batliner",
  booktitle =    icassp92,
  title =        "{DP}-Based Determination of {$F_0$} Contours from
                 Speech Signals",
  volume =       "II",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "17--20",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{Kim,
  author =       "Al Kim and Bangalore Srinivas and John Trueswell",
  editor =       "Paola Merlo and Suzanne Stevenson",
  booktitle =    "Sentence Processing and the lexicon: formal,
                 computational, and experimental perspectives",
  title =        "The convergence of lexicalist perspectives in
                 Psycholinguistics and Computational Linguistics",
  publisher =    "Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages = "109--136",
  year =         "2002",
}

@InCollection{Kim75,
  author =       "John P. Kimball",
  editor =       "John P. Kimball",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics 4",
  title =        "Predictive Analysis and Over-the-Top Parsing",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  pages =        "155--179",
  year =         "1975",
}

@InCollection{Kim84,
  author =       "D. O. Kim",
  editor =       "C. I. Berlin",
  booktitle =    "Hearing Science: Recent Advances",
  title =        "Functional Roles of the inner- and outer-hair-cell
                 subsystems in the cochlea and brainstem",
  publisher =    "Colleg-Hill Press",
  address =      "San Diego, CA",
  pages =        "241",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{Kimball,
  author =       "John P. Kimball",
  title =        "Seven principles of surface structure parsing in
                 natural language",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--47",
  year =         "1973",
  annote =       "",
}

@Article{Kin88,
  author =       "Walter Kintsch",
  title =        "The Role of Knowledge in Discourse Comprehension: {A}
                 Construction-Integration Model",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "163--182",
  year =         "1988",
}

@PhdThesis{King89,
  author =       "P. King",
  title =        "A Logical Formalism for Head-Driven Phrase Structure
                 Grammar",
  school =       "University of Manchester$\dag$",
  year =         "1989",
  note =         "Cited in Carpenter (1992))",
  city =         "Manchester, England",
}

@Article{KingJust91,
  author =       "J. King and M. A. Just",
  title =        "Individual differences in syntactic processing: {T}he
                 role of working memory",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "580--602",
  year =         "1991",
}

@TechReport{Kingsbury91,
  author =       "B. E. D. Kingsbury and K. Asanovi\'c and J. Wawrzynek
                 and B. Irissou and N. Morgan",
  title =        "{Recent Work in VLSI Elements for Digital
                 Implementations of Artificial Neural Networks}",
  number =       "TR-91-074",
  institution =  icsi,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{Kiparsky,
  author =       "Paul Kiparsky",
  editor =       "Steven Anderson and Paul Kiparsky",
  booktitle =    "A Festschrift for Morris Halle",
  title =        "``Elsewhere'' in phonology",
  publisher =    "Holt, Rinehart",
  year =         "1973",
}

@InProceedings{Kipper00,
  author =       "Karin Kipper and Hoa Trang Dang and William Schuler
                 and Martha Palmer",
  booktitle =    "TAG+5 Fifth International Workshop on Tree Adjoining
                 Grammars and Related Formalisms",
  title =        "Building a class-based verb lexicon using {TAG}s",
  address =      "Paris",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2000",
  pages        = { 147-154 }
}

@PhdThesis{kipper05,
  author =       {Kipper Schuler, Karin},
  title =        {VerbNet: A broad-coverage, comprehensive verb lexicon},
  school =       {University of Pennsylvania},
  year =         2005
}

@InProceedings{Kiraz,
  author =       "George Anton Kiraz",
  booktitle =    ACL97,
  title =        "Compiling Regular Formalisms with Rule Features into
                 Finite-State Automata",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Madrid, Spain",
  pages =        "329--336",
  year =         "1997",
}



@article{Kirkpatrick-science83,
author = {Kirkpatrick, S. and Gelatt, C. D., Jr. and Vecchi, M. P.},
title = {{Optimization by Simulated Annealing}},
journal = {Science},
volume = {220},
number = {4598},
pages = {671-680},
doi = {10.1126/science.220.4598.671},
year = {1983},
URL = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/220/4598/671},
}



@Article{Kiss,
  author =       "Charles W. Kisseberth",
  title =        "On the Abstractness of Phonology: {T}he evidence from
                 {Yawelmani}",
  journal =      "Papers in Linguistics",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "248--282",
  year =         "1969",
}

@Article{Kisseberth70,
  author =       "Charles W. Kisseberth",
  title =        "On the Functional Unity of Phonological Rules",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "291--306",
  year =         "1970",
}

@InProceedings{Kita91,
  author =       "Kenji Kita and Wayne H. Ward",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "Incorporating {LR} Parsing into {SPHINX}",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "I.269--272",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Kita96,
  author =       "Kenji Kita and Yoshikazu Fukui and Masaaki Nagata and
                 Tsuyoshi Morimoto",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Automatic Acquisition of Probabilistic Dialogue
                 Models",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "196--199",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{KitaEtAl:96,
  author =       "Kenji Kita and Yoshikazu Fukui and Masaaki Nagata and
                 Tsuyoshi Morimoto",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Automatic Acquisition of Probabilistic Dialogue
                 Models",
  volume =       "1",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "196--199",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{KKN+:eurospeech95,
  author =       "R. Kompe and A. Kie{\ss}ling and H. Niemann and E.
                 N{\"o}th and E. Schukat-Talamazzini and A. Zottmann and
                 A. Batliner",
  booktitle =    eurospeech95,
  address =    "Madrid",
  title =        "Prosodic scoring of word hypotheses graphs",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "1333--1336",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{Klatt75,
  author =       "D. H. Klatt",
  title =        "Voice onset time, friction, and aspiration in
                 word-initial consonant clusters",
  journal =      "Journal of Speech and Hearing Research",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "686--706",
  year =         "1975",
}

@Article{Klatt75b,
  author =       "Dennis H. Klatt",
  title =        "Vowel Lengthening is Syntactically Determined in a
                 Connected Discourse",
  journal =      "Journal of Phonetics",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "129--140",
  year =         "1975",
}

@Article{Klatt77,
  author =       "Dennis H. Klatt",
  title =        "Review of the {ARPA} Speech Understanding Project",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1345--1366",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1977",
}

@InCollection{Klatt80,
  author =       "D. H. Klatt",
  editor =       "R. A. Cole",
  booktitle =    "Perception and Production of Fluent Speech",
  title =        "Speech Perception: {A} Model of Acoustic-Phonetic
                 Analysis and Lexical Access",
  address =      "Hillsdale, N.J.",
  year =         "1980",
  publisher =    LEA,
}

@InCollection{Klatt86,
  author =       "D. H. Klatt",
  editor =       "J. Perkell and D. H. Klatt",
  booktitle =    "Invariance and Variability in Speech Processes",
  title =        "The Problem of Variability in Speech Recognition and
                 in Models of Speech Perception",
  year =         "1986",
  publisher =    LEA,
}

@InCollection{Klatt89,
  author =       "D. H. Klatt",
  editor =       "W. Marslen-Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Representation and Process",
  title =        "Review of Selected Models of Speech Perception",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1989",
}

@TechReport{Kleene51,
  author =       "S. C. Kleene",
  title =        "Representation of events in nerve nets and finite
                 automata",
  number =       "RM-704",
  institution =  "RAND Corporation",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1951",
  note =         "RAND Research Memo\-randum$\dag$",
}

@InCollection{Kleene56,
  author =       "S. C. Kleene",
  editor =       "Claude Shannon and John McCarthy",
  booktitle =    "Automata Studies",
  title =        "Representation of events in nerve nets and finite
                 automata",
  publisher =    "Princeton University Press",
  address =      "Princeton, NJ",
  pages =        "3--41",
  year =         "1956",
}

@InProceedings{klein-ijcai03,
  author = {Dan Klein and Christopher D. Manning},
  title  = {Factored {A*} Search for Models over Sequences and Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = 2003,
}

@InProceedings{klein-naacl03,
  author = {Dan Klein and Christopher D. Manning},
  title  = {A* Parsing: Fast Exact {Viterbi} Parse Selection},
  booktitle = NAACL03,
  year = 2003,
  url="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~klein/papers/pcfg-astar.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{klein03accurate,
  author    = {Dan Klein  and  Christopher D. Manning},
  title     = {Accurate Unlexicalized Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {July},
  year      = {2003},
  address   = {Sapporo, Japan},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {423--430},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P03-1054},
  doi       = {10.3115/1075096.1075150}
}

@InProceedings{KleinManning04,
 author = {Dan Klein and Christopher D. Manning},
 title = {Corpus-based induction of syntactic structure: models of dependency and constituency},
 booktitle = ACL04,
 year = 2004,
 pages = 478,
 location = {Barcelona, Spain},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1218955.1219016},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
 }


@Article{KleSim63,
  author =       "Sheldon Klein and Robert F. Simmons",
  title =        "A Computational Approach to Grammatical Coding of
                 {E}nglish Words",
  journal =      JACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "334--347",
  year =         "1963",
}

@Article{Klo75,
  author =       "John W. Klovstad and Lee F. Mondshein",
  title =        "The {CASPERS} Linguistic Analysis System",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "ASSP-23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118--123",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
}

@Article{klone,
  author =       "Ronald J. Brachman and James G. Schmolze",
  title =        "An overview of the {KL-ONE} knowledge representation
                 system",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "171--216",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{Kne96,
  author =       "R. Kneser",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Statistical Language Modeling using a Variable Context
                 Length",
  volume =       "1",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "494--497",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{KneNey93,
  author =       "R. Kneser and H. Ney",
  booktitle =    EUROSPEECH93,
  title =        "Improved Clustering Techniques for Class-Based
                 Statistical Language Modelling",
  pages =        "973--976",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{KnightACM89,
  author =       "Kevin Knight",
  title =        "Unification: {A} Multidisciplinary Survey",
  journal =      "ACM Computing Surveys",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "93--124",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{KnightLuk94,
 author="Kevin Knight and Steve Luk",
 title="Building a Large-Scale Knowledge Base for Machine Translation",
 booktitle="Proc. of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)", 
 year=1994
}

@article{Knight97,
  author="Kevin Knight",
  title="Automating Knowledge Acquisition for Machine Translation",
  journal="AI Magazine",
  volume=18,
  number=4, 
  year=1997, 
  url="http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/mt/aimag97.ps",
}

@article{Knight99,
 author="Kevin Knight",
 title="Decoding Complexity in Word-Replacement Translation Models",
 journal="Computational Linguistics", 
 volume=25,
 number=4, 
 year=1999,
 url="http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/projects/rewrite/decoding-cl.ps"
}

@InProceedings{knight-cicling05,
 author="Kevin Knight and Jonathan Graehl",
 title="An Overview of Probabilistic Tree Transducers for Natural Language Processing", 
 booktitle="Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLing)",
 year=2005, 
 pages="1--24",
 publisher="Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer-Verlag)"
}


@InCollection{Knill,
  author =       "K. Knill and S. J. Young",
  editor =       "Steven J. Young and Gerrit Bloothooft",
  booktitle =    "Corpus-based Methods in Language and Speech
                 Processing",
  title =        "Hidden {M}arkov {M}odels in Speech and Language
                 Processing",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "27--68",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Knorr1979,
  author =       "Siegfried G. Knorr",
  title =        "Reliable Voiced/Unvoiced Decision",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "27 No. 3",
  pages =        "263--267",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1979",
  annotate =     "The author describes a speech processing system which
                 is capable of giving reliable voiced/unvoiced
                 decisions. Only two features are used. The first is the
                 short-time spectral integration of the low-pass
                 filtered waveform. The second is the short-time
                 spectral integration of the high-pass filtered
                 waveform. The cutoff frequency for the lp filter is
                 1000 Hz. The cutoff frequency for the high-pass filter
                 is 5000 Hz. Performance of the system was greater than
                 99\%.",
}

@InCollection{Knut,
  author =       "Knud Lambrecht",
  editor =       "M. Shibatani. and S. A. Thomspon",
  booktitle =    "Essays in Semantics",
  title =        "The pragmatics of case. {O}n the relationship between
                 semantic, grammatical, and pragmatic roles in {E}nglish
                 and {F}rench",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "to appear",
}

@Book{Knuth,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "Sorting and Searching: The Art of Computer Programming
                 Volume 3",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  year =         "1973",
}

@article{knuthgrammar,
author = "D. Knuth",
title = "A generalization of {Dijkstra's} algorithm",
journal = "Info. Proc. Letters",
volume = 6, number = 1, 
pages="1--5",
year = 1977}

@InProceedings{Koehn-2004,
author="Philipp Koehn",
year=2004,
title="Pharaoh: a beam search decoder for phrase-based statistical machine translation models",
booktitle="The Sixth Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas", 
pages="115-124",
}

@InProceedings{Koehn-acl03,
 author="Philipp Koehn and Kevin Knight",
 title="Feature-Rich Statistical Translation of Noun Phrases",
 booktitle=ACL03,
 year=2003,
 address="Sapporo, Japan",
 url="http://www.isi.edu/~koehn/publications/nptrans2003.pdf",
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{koehn-acl07,
  author    = {Koehn, Philipp  and  Hoang, Hieu  and  Birch, Alexandra  and  Callison-Burch, Chris  and  Federico, Marcello  and  Bertoldi, Nicola  and  Cowan, Brooke  and  Shen, Wade  and  Moran, Christine  and  Zens, Richard  and  Dyer, Chris  and  Bojar, Ondrej  and  Constantin, Alexandra  and  Herbst, Evan},
    title = {Moses: Open source toolkit for statistical machine translation},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of ACL, Demonstration Session},
    year = {2007},
    pages = {177--180}
}

@InProceedings{Koehn-emnlp04,
  author    = {Koehn, Philipp},
  title     = {Statistical Significance Tests for Machine Translation Evaluation },
  booktitle = EMNLP04,
  year      = 2004,
  month     = {July},
  address   = {Barcelona, Spain},
  pages     = {388--395}
}

@InProceedings{koehn-emnlp07,
  author    = {Koehn, Philipp  and  Hoang, Hieu},
  title     = {Factored Translation Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)},
  pages     = {868--876},
  year		= {2007},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D07/D07-1091}
}

@InProceedings{Koehn-naacl03,
 author="Philipp Koehn and Franz Josef Och and Daniel Marcu",
 title="Statistical Phrase-Based Translation",
 booktitle=NAACL03,
 year=2003,
 address="Edmonton, Alberta",
 url="http://www.isi.edu/~koehn/publications/phrase2003.pdf",
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{koehn-mts05,
    author = {Philipp Koehn},
    title = {Europarl: a parallel corpus for statistical machine translation},
    booktitle = {MT summit X, the tenth machine translation summit},
    year = {2005},
    pages = {79--86},
}

@Article{Koe46,
  author =       "W. Koenig and H. K. Dunn and L. Y. and Lacy",
  title =        "The sound spectrograph",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "19--49",
  year =         "1946",
}

@InProceedings{KoeJur94,
  author =       "Jean-Pierre Koenig and Daniel Jurafsky",
  editor =       "Raul Aranovich and William Byrne and Susanne Preuss
                 and Martha Senturia",
  title =        "Type Underspecification and On-line Type Construction
                 in the Lexicon",
  pages =        "270--285",
  year =         "1995",
  booktitle =    "West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics
                 (WCCFL13)",
}

@InProceedings{Koenig92,
  author =       "Jean-Pierre Koenig",
  booktitle =    ESCOL92,
  title =        "From frame semantics to constructional syntax: the
                 case of scalar predicates",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Koenig93,
  author =       "Jean-Pierre Koenig",
  editor =       "Joshua Guenter and Barbara Kaiser and Cheryl Zoll",
  booktitle =    BLS93,
  title =        "Linking Constructions vs. Linking Rules: {E}vidence
                 from {F}rench",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "217--231",
  year =         "1993",
  editors =      "Joshua Guenter and Barbara Kaiser and Cheryl Zoll",
}

@PhdThesis{Koenig94,
  author =       "Jean-Pierre Koenig",
  title =        "Lexical Underspecification and the Syntax/Semantics
                 Interface",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Koerner,
  editor =       "E. F. K. Koerner and R. E. Asher",
  title =        "Concise History of the Language Sciences",
  publisher =    "Elsevier Science",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Book{Kohonen88,
  author =       "T. Kohonen",
  title =        "Self-Organization and Associative Memory",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{kol,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Knowledge of Language: {I}ts Nature, Origin, and Use",
  publisher =    "Praeger",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Book{Kompe:97,
  author =       "Ralf Kompe",
  title =        "Prosody in Speech Understanding Systems",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{KompeEtAl:93,
  author =       "R. Kompe and A. Kie{\ss}ling and T. Kuhn and M. Mast
                 and H. Niemann and E. N{\"o}th and K. Ott and A.
                 Batliner",
  booktitle =    eurospeech93,
  title =        "Prosody takes over: {A} prosodically guided dialog
                 system",
  volume =       "3",
  address =      "Berlin",
  pages =        "2003--2006",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{KompeEtAl:95,
  author =       "R. Kompe and A. Kie{\ss}ling and H. Niemann and E.
                 N{\"o}th and E. G. Schukat-Talamazzini and and A.
                 Zottmann and A. Batliner",
  booktitle =    EUROSPEECH95,
  title =        "Prosodic scoring of word hypothesis graphs",
  pages =        "1333--1336",
  year =         "1995",
}

@TechReport{Konig91,
  author =       "Yochai Konig and Nelson Morgan and Claudia Chandra",
  title =        "{GDNN}: {A} Gender-Dependent Neural Network for
                 Continuous Speech Reco gnition",
  number =       "TR-91-071",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Konig92,
  author =       "Y. Konig and N. Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Proc.\ international Joint Conference on Neural
                 Networks",
  title =        "{GDNN}: {A} Gender -Dependent Neural Network for
                 Continuous Speech Recog nition",
  address =      "Baltimore, Maryland",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Konig93,
  author =       "Y.\ Konig and N.\ Morgan and C.\ Wooters and V.\
                 Abrash and M.\ Cohen and H.\ Franco",
  editor =       "J. D.\ Cowan J. S.\ Hanson and C. L.\ Giles",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5",
  title =        "Modeling Consistency in a Speaker Independent
                 Continuous Speech Recognition System",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufman",
  address =      "San mateo, CA",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "to appear",
}

@InProceedings{KoopmansDonzel:96,
  author =       "Florien J. {Koopmans-van Beinum} and Monique E. {van
                 Donzel}",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Relationship Between Discourse Structure and Dynamic
                 Speech Rate",
  volume =       "3",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "1724--1727",
  year =         "1996",
}

@article{korach1993tree,
  title={{Tree-width, path-width, and cutwidth}},
  author={Korach, E. and Solel, N.},
  journal={Discrete Applied Mathematics},
  volume={43},
  number={1},
  pages={97--101},
  year={1993},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  annotate="pw(G)=O(log n tw(G))"
}

@InProceedings{ korhonen03,
   author       = { Anna Korhonen and Yuval Krymolowsky and Zvika Marx },
   title        = { Clustering Polysemic Subcategorization Frame
                    Distributions Semantically },
   booktitle    = { Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the
                     Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-03)},
   address      = { Sapporo, Japan },
   year         = 2003
 }

@PhdThesis{Kornaithesis91,
  author =       "Andras Kornai",
  title =        "Formal Phonology",
  school =       "Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, CA$\dag$",
  year =         "1991",
}

@TechReport{Kos,
  author =       "Kimmo Koskenniemi",
  title =        "Two-level morphology: {A} general computational model
                 of word-form recognition and production",
  number =       "Publication No. 11",
  institution =  "Department of General Linguistics, University of
                 Helsinki",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{KosChu88,
  author =       "Kimmo Koskenniemi and Kenneth W. Church",
  booktitle =    COLING88,
  title =        "Complexity, Two-level Morphology, and {F}innish",
  address =      "Budapest",
  pages =        "335--339",
  year =         "1988",
}

@PhdThesis{Koskenniemi83,
  author =       "Kimmo Koskenniemi",
  title =        "Two-Level Morphology: {A} General Computational Model
                 for Word-Form Recognition and Production",
  school =       "University of Helsinki",
  year =         "1983",
}

@PhdThesis{kowtko:thesis,
  author =       "Jacqueline C. Kowtko",
  title =        "The Function of Intonation in Task Oriented Dialogue",
  school =       "University of Edinburgh",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InCollection{KriNer93,
  author =       "Hans-Ulrich Krieger and John Nerbonne",
  editor =       "Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake",
  booktitle =    "Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon",
  title =        "Feature-Based Inheritance Networks for Computational
                 Lexicons",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "90--136",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Krippendorf80,
  author =       "Klaus Krippendorf",
  title =        "Content Analysis: {A}n Introduction to its
                 Methodology",
  publisher =    "Sage Publications",
  address =      "Beverly Hills, CA",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{krl,
  author =       "Daniel Bobrow and Terry Winograd",
  title =        "An Overview of {KRL}: {A} Knowledge Representation
                 Language",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "3--46",
  year =         "1977",
}

@InProceedings{Kro93,
  author =       "Robert Krovetz",
  booktitle =    "SIGIR-93",
  title =        "Viewing Morphology as an Inference Process",
  organization = "ACM",
  pages =        "191--202",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Krubsack1991,
  author =       "D. A. Krubsack and R. J. Niederjohn",
  title =        "An Autocorrelation Pitch Detector and Voicing Decision
                 with Confidence Measures Developed for Noise-Corrupted
                 Speech",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing",
  volume =       "39",
  pages =        "319--329",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Krug,
  author =       "Manfred Krug",
  title =        "String frequency: {A} cognitive motivating factor in
                 coalescence, language processing, and linguistic
                 change",
  journal =      "Journal of English Linguistics",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "286--320",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{Kruskal83,
  author =       "Joseph B. Kruskal",
  editor =       "David Sankoff and Joseph B. Kruskal",
  booktitle =    "Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules: The
                 Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison",
  title =        "An Overview of Sequence Comparison",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  pages =        "1--44",
  year =         "1983",
}

@article{kschischang2001factor,
  title={{Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm}},
  author={Kschischang, F.R. and Frey, B.J. and Loeliger, H.A.},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on information theory},
  volume={47},
  number={2},
  pages={498--519},
  year={2001}
}


@InCollection{KuceraAH,
  author =       "Henry {Ku\v{c}era}",
  booktitle =    "The American Heritage Dictionary of the {E}nglish
                 Language",
  title =        "The Mathematics of Language",
  publisher =    "Houghton Mifflin",
  address =      "Boston",
  pages =        "xxxi--xxxiii",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Book{KucFra67,
  author =       "Henry Ku{\v{c}}era and W. Nelson Francis",
  title =        "Computational analysis of present-day {A}merican
                 {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Brown University Press",
  address =      "Providence, RI",
  year =         "1967",
}

@InProceedings{kuhlmann-acl06,
  author="Marco Kuhlmann and Joakim Nivre",
  title="Mildly Non-Projective Dependency Structures",
  booktitle=ACL06,
  year=2006,
  pages="507-514",
}

@InProceedings{kuhlmann-eacl09,
  author="Marco Kuhlmann and Giorgio Satta",
  title="Treebank Grammar Techniques for Non-Projective Dependency Parsing",
  booktitle=EACL09,
  year=2009,
  pages="478--486",
}

@Article{kuhn90,
  author =       "Roland Kuhn and Renato de Mori",
  title =        "A Cache-Based Natural Language Model for Speech
                 Recognition",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "570--583",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Kuhn-acl04,
 author="Jonas Kuhn",
 title="Experiments in Parallel-Text Based Grammar Induction",
 booktitle=ACL04,
 year=2004
}

@Article{Kukich:92,
  author =       "Karen Kukich",
  title =        "Techniques for Automatically Correcting Words in
                 Text",
  journal =      "ACM Computing Surveys",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "377--439",
  year =         "1992",
}


@InProceedings{Kulick-biolink03,
 author="Seth Kulick and Mark Liberman and Martha Palmer and Andrew Schein",
 title="Shallow Semantic Annotation of Biomedical Corpora for Information Extraction",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the 2003 International conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology, Special Interest Group Meeting on Text Mining",
 year=2003,
 address="Brisbane, Australia",
 url="http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ais/publications/abs-revised2.pdf",
}


@Article{Kun65,
  author =       "Susumu Kuno",
  title =        "The Predictive Analyzer and a Path Elimination
                 Technique",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "453--462",
  year =         "1965",
  journal =      CACM,
}

@Article{Kuno72,
  author =       "Susumo Kuno",
  title =        "Functional sentence perspective: {A} case study from
                 {J}apanese and {E}nglish",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "269--320",
  year =         "1972",
}

@InProceedings{KunOet62,
  author =       "Susumu Kuno and A. G. Oettinger",
  editor =       "Cicely M. Popplewell",
  booktitle =    "Information Processing 1962: Proceedings of the IFIP
                 Congress 1962",
  title =        "Multiple-Path Syntactic Analyzer",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  address =      "Munich",
  pages =        "306--312",
  year =         "1963",
  note =         "Reprinted in Grosz et al. (1986).",
}

@Article{Kup92,
  author =       "Julian Kupiec",
  title =        "Robust part-of-speech tagging using a hidden {M}arkov
                 model",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "225--242",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Kupiec:92b,
  author =       "Julian Kupiec",
  booktitle =    icassp92,
  title =        "Hidden {Markov} Estimation for Unrestricted Stochastic
                 Context-free Grammars",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "177--180",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{Kur91,
  author =       "Howard S. Kurtzman and Loren F. Crawford and Caylee
                 Nychis-Florence",
  editor =       "Robert C. Berwick and Steven P. Abney and Carol
                 Tenny",
  booktitle =    "Principle-Based Parsing: {C}omputation and
                 Psycholinguistics",
  title =        "Locating {WH}- traces",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "347--382",
  year =         "1991",
}

@PhdThesis{Kurtzthesis,
  author =       "Howard S. Kurtzman",
  title =        "Studies in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution",
  school =       "MIT",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{Labov66,
  author =       "William Labov",
  title =        "The Social Stratification of {E}nglish in {N}ew {Y}ork
                 {C}ity",
  publisher =    "Center for Applied Linguistics",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  year =         "1966",
}

@Article{Labov69,
  author =       "William Labov",
  title =        "Contraction, deletion, and inherent variability of the
                 {E}nglish copula",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "715--762",
  year =         "1969",
}

@InCollection{Labov72,
  author =       "William Labov",
  editor =       "Robert P. Stockwell and Ronald K. S. Macaulay",
  booktitle =    "Linguistic Change and Generative Theory",
  title =        "The Internal Evolution of Linguistic Rules",
  publisher =    "Indiana University Press",
  address =      "Bloomington",
  pages =        "101--171",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Book{Labov75,
  author =       "William Labov",
  title =        "The quantitative study of linguistic structure",
  publisher =    "U.S. Regional Survey",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  year =         "1975",
  series =       "Pennsylvania Working Papers on Linguistic Change and
                 Variation v.1 no. 3",
}

@Book{Labov77,
  author =       "William Labov and David Fanshel",
  title =        "Therapeutic Discourse",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1977",
}

@InCollection{Labov89,
  author =       "William Labov",
  editor =       "R. Fasold and D. Schiffrin",
  booktitle =    "Language Change and Variation",
  title =        "The exact description of the speech community: Short
                 {\bf a} in {P}hiladelphia",
  publisher =    "Georgetown University Press",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "1--57",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Book{Labov94,
  author =       "William Labov",
  title =        "Principles of Linguistic Change: Internal Factors",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Lad96,
  author =       "Peter Ladefoged",
  title =        "Elements of Acoustic Phonetics",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "Second Edition",
}

@Book{ladd:book,
  author =       "D. Robert Ladd",
  title =        "Intonational Phonology",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1996",
  series =       "Cambridge Studies in Linguistics",
}

@InProceedings{LaddCam91,
  author =       "D. R. Ladd and N. Campbell",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of
                 Phonetic Sciences",
  title =        "Theories of Prosodic Structure: Evidence from Syllable
                 Duration",
  address =      "Aix-en-Provence, France",
  pages = "290--293",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{Ladefoged,
  author =       "P. Ladefoged",
  title =        "A Course in Phonetics",
  publisher =    "Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "Third Edition",
}

@Article{LadefogedBroad57,
  author =       "P. Ladefoged and D. E. Broadbent",
  title =        "Information Conveyed by Vowels",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "98--104",
  year =         "1957",
}

@InCollection{Ladusaw-dowty,
  author =       "William A. Ladusaw and David R. Dowty",
  editor =       "Wendy Wilkins",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantic 21: {T}hematic Relations",
  title =        "Toward a Nongrammatical Account of Thematic Roles",
  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "San Diego",
  pages =        "62--73",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Lafferty01a,
  author =       "John Lafferty and Andrew McCallum and Fernando
                 Pereira",
  booktitle =    "Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Eighteenth
                 International Conference (ICML 2001)",
  title =        "Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for
                 Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data",
  address =      "Stanford, California",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{Lafferty92,
  author =       "J. D. Lafferty and D. Sleator and D. Temperley",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1992 AAAI Fall Symposium on
                 Probabilistic Approaches to Natural Language",
  title =        "Grammatical Trigrams: {A} Probabilistic Model of Link
                 Grammar",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{LahiriMarslen91,
  author =       "A. Lahiri and W. Marslen-Wilson",
  title =        "The Mental Representation of Lexical Form: {A}
                 Phonological Approach to the Recognition Lexicon",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "245--294",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Lakoff-gestalts,
  author =       "George Lakoff",
  editor =       "Woodford A. Beach and Samuel E. Fox and Shulamith
                 Philosoph",
  booktitle =    "Papers from the Thirteenth Regional Meeting of the
                 Chicago Linguistic Society",
  title =        "Linguistic Gestalts",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "236--287",
  year =         "1977",
}

@TechReport{Lakoff-other,
  author =       "George Lakoff",
  title =        "There-constructions: {A} Case Study in Grammatical
                 Construction Theory and Prototype Theory",
  number =       "18",
  institution =  "University of California at Berkeley Cognitive
                 Science",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1984",
}

@PhdThesis{Lakoff65,
  author =       "George Lakoff",
  title =        "On the Nature of Syntactic Irregularity",
  school =       "Indiana University",
  year =         "1965",
  note =         "Published as {\em Irregularity in Syntax}. Holt,
                 Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 1970.",
}

@Book{Lakoff70,
  author =       "George Lakoff",
  title =        "Irregularity in Syntax",
  publisher =    "Holt, Rinehart, and Winston",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1970",
}

@InCollection{Lakoff93,
  author =       "George Lakoff",
  editor =       "John Goldsmith",
  booktitle =    "The Last Phonological Rule",
  title =        "Cognitive Phonology",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "117--145",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Lambek58,
  author =       "Joachim Lambek",
  title =        "The Mathematics of Sentence Structure",
  journal =      "American Mathematical Monthly",
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "154--170",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1958",
}

@Article{Lan75,
  author =       "D. Terence Langendoen",
  title =        "Finite-State Parsing of Phrase-Structure Languages and
                 the Status of Readjustment Rules in the Grammar",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "533--554",
  year =         "1975",
}

@Book{Landauer,
  editor =       "Thomas K. Landauer",
  title =        "The Trouble With Computers: Usefulness, Usability, and
                 Productivity",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{Landauer96,
  author =       "Thomas K. Landauer and Susan T. Dumais",
  title =        "A Solution to {Plato's} Problem: The {L}atent
                 {S}emantic {A}nalysis Theory of Acquisition, Induction,
                 and Representation of Knowledge",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  volume =       "104",
  pages =        "211--240",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Book{Langacker,
  author =       "Ronald Langacker",
  title =        "Foundations of Cognitive Grammar {I}: {T}heoretical
                 Prerequisites",
  publisher =    "Stanford University Press",
  address =      "Stanford",
  year =         "1987",
}

@book{Langacker-08,
  author="Ronald Langacker",
  title="Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction",
  publisher="Oxford University Press",
  address="Oxford, UK",
  year=2008,
}

@Book{LanPos84,
  author =       "D.~Terence Langendoen and Paul M. Postal",
  title =        "The Vastness of Natural Languages",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InProceedings{Lapata,
  author =       "Maria Lapata and Chris Brew",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1999 Joint SIGDAT Conference on
                 Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and
                 Very Large Corpora (EMNLP/VLC-99)",
  title =        "Using subcategorization to resolve verb class
                 ambiguity",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "College Park, MD",
  pages =        "266--274",
  month =        Jun,
  year =         "1999",
  editors =      "P. Fung and J. Zhou",
}

@InProceedings{LapataBrew99,
  author =       "Maria Lapata and Chris Brew",
  booktitle =    "Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical Methods in NLP
                 and Very Large Corpora",
  title =        "Using Subcategorization to Resolve Verb Class
                 Ambiguity",
  address =      "College Park, Maryland",
  pages =        "266--274",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{Lari90,
  author =       "K. Lari and S. J. Young",
  title =        "The estimation of stochastic context-free grammars
                 using the {Inside}-{Outside} algorithm",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "35--56",
  year =         "1990",
  annote =       "Describes the generalization of the Baum-Welch
                 (forward-backward) algorithm to SCFGs. Several
                 heuristic methods to speed up learning are also
                 discussed.",
}

@Article{Lari91,
  author =       "K. Lari and S. J. Young",
  title =        "Applications of stochastic context-free grammars using
                 the {I}nside-{O}utside algorithm",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "237--257",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{LasCop99,
  author =       "Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake",
  title =        "Default Representation in Constraint-based
                 Frameworks",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--106",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Book{Lass,
  author =       "R. Lass",
  title =        "Phonology: An Introduction to Basic Concepts",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InProceedings{lasso,
  author =       "Dan Moldovan and Sanda Harabagiu and Marius Pasca and
                 Rada Mihalcea",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Text Retrieval Conference
                 (TREC-8)",
  title =        "{LASSO} - {A} Tool for Surfing the Answer Net",
  year =         "1999",
}

@article{Lau:2003,
 author = {Lau, Tessa and Wolfman, Steven A. and Domingos, Pedro and Weld, Daniel S.},
 title = {Programming by Demonstration Using Version Space Algebra},
 journal = {Machine Learning},
 volume = {53},
 issue = {1-2},
 month = {October},
 year = {2003},
 issn = {0885-6125},
 pages = {111--156},
 numpages = {46},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=940854.940878},
 doi = {10.1023/A:1025671410623},
 acmid = {940878},
 keywords = {adaptive user interfaces, complex function learning, programming by demonstration, version spaces},
} 



@InCollection{Laura01,
  author =       "Laura A. Michaelis",
  editor =       "Martin Haspelmath {\em et al.}",
  pages = "1038--1058",
  booktitle =    "Language Typology and Universals: An International
                 Handbook",
  title =        "Exclamative Constructions",
  publisher =    "Walter de Gruyter",
  address =      "Berlin",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{Lavie96,
  author =       "Alon Lavie and Donna Gates and Noah Coccaro and Lori
                 Levin",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the ECAI 96",
  title =        "Input Segmentation of Spontaneous Speech in Janus: {A}
                 Speech-to-Speech Translation System",
  address =      "Budapest",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Lavie96b,
  author =       "Alon Lavie and Lori Levin and Yan Qu and Alex Waibel
                 and Donna Gates and Marsal Gavalda and Laura Mayfield
                 and Maite Taboada",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Dialogue processing in a conversational speech
                 translation system",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  year =         "1996",
}


@Article{lawrence99digital,
  author	= "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles and Kurt Bollacker",
  title		= "Digital Libraries and {Autonomous Citation Indexing}",
  journal	= "IEEE Computer",
  volume	= "32",
  number	= "6",
  pages		= "67--71",
  year		= "1999"
}

@InCollection{ldoce,
  author =       "Bran Boguraev and Ted Briscoe",
  editor =       "Bran Boguraev and Ted Briscoe",
  booktitle =    "Computational Lexicography for Natural Language
                 Processing",
  title =        "Utilising the {LDOCE} grammar codes",
  publisher =    "Longman",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InCollection{Lea:80,
  author =       "W. Lea",
  editor =       "W. Lea",
  booktitle =    "Trends in Speech Recognition",
  title =        "Prosodic Aids to Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "Prentice-Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  pages =        "166--205",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{lee-acl00,
 author		= {{Sang-zoo} Lee and {Jun-ichi} Tsujii and {Hae-Chang} Rim},
 title		= {Hidden Markov Model-Based {K}orean Part-of-Speech Tagging Considering High Agglutinativity, Word-Spacing, and Lexical Correlativity},
 booktitle	= {Proc.\ ACL},
 year		= 2000,
 location = {Hong Kong},
}

@InProceedings{lee-cijcnlp05,
 author		= {{Do-Gil} Lee and {Hae-Chang} Rim},
 title		= {Probabilistic Models for {K}orean Morphological Analysis},
 booktitle	= {Companion to the Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing},
 year		= {2005},
 pages		= {197--202}
}

@Book{Lee89,
  author =       "K. F. Lee",
  title =        "Automatic Speech Recognition: The Development of the
                 {SPHINX} System",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InCollection{LeeAlleva92,
  author =       "Kai-Fu Lee and Fil Alleva",
  editor =       "Sadaoki Furui and M. Mohan Sondhi",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Speech Signal Processing",
  title =        "Continuous Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "Marcel Dekker",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "623--650",
  year =         "1991",
}

@TechReport{LeeHon88,
  author =       "K. F. Lee and H. W. Hon",
  title =        "Speaker-Independent Phone Recognition Using Hidden
                 {Markov} Models",
  number =       "CMU-CS-88-121",
  institution =  "Carnegie-Mellon University",
  year =         "1988",
}

@PhdThesis{LeePhd,
  author =       "K. F. Lee",
  title =        "Large-Vocabulary Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech
                 Recognition: The {SPHINX} System",
  year =         "1988",
  school =       "Carnegie Mellon University",
}

@InProceedings{LefevreEtal92,
  author =       "J-P. Lefevre and M. Jack and C. Maggio and M. Refice
                 and F. Gabrieli and M. Savino and L. Santangelo and A.
                 Conseil",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings International Conference on Spoken
                 Language Processing",
  title =        "An Interactive System for Automated Pronunciation
                 Improvement",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "409--412",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Lehnert77,
  author =       "Wendy Lehnert",
  booktitle =    IJCAI77,
  title =        "A Conceptual Theory of Question Answering",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "158--164",
  year =         "1977",
}

@article {LENGAUER-Black-WhitePebblesAndGraphSeparation1981,
   author = {Lengauer, Thomas},
   title = {Black-white pebbles and graph separation},
   journal = {Acta Informatica},
   publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
   issn = {0001-5903},
   keyword = {Computer Science},
   pages = {465-475},
   volume = {16},
   issue = {4},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264496},
   year = {1981}
}

@Book{Lerner78,
  author =       "Alan Jay Lerner",
  title =        "The Street Where {I} Live",
  publisher =    "Da Capo Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InProceedings{LeungZue90,
  author =       "H. C. Leung and V. W. Zue",
  booktitle =    icassp90,
  title =        "Phonetic Classification Using Multi-Layer
                 Perceptrons",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "525--528",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{LevCohNun,
  author =       "Hector J. Levesque and Philip R. Cohen and {Jos\'{e}}
                 H. T. Nunes",
  booktitle =    AAAI90,
  title =        "On Acting Together",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Boston, MA",
  pages =        "94--99",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InCollection{Levelt70,
  author =       "Willem J. M. Levelt",
  editor =       "G. B. Flores d'Arcais and W. J. M. Levelt",
  booktitle =    "Advances in psycholinguistics",
  title =        "A scaling approach to the study of syntactic
                 relations",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "109--121",
  year =         "1970",
}

@Article{Levelt83,
  author =       "Willem J. M. Levelt",
  title =        "Monitoring and self-repair in speech",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "41--104",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Book{Levelt89,
  author =       "Willem J. M. Levelt",
  title =        "Speaking: From Intention to Articulation",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{Levelt99,
  author =       "W. J. M. Levelt and A. Roelofs and A. S. Meyer",
  title =        "A theory of lexical access in speech production",
  journal =      "Behavioral and Brain Science",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--75",
  year =         "1999",
}

}

@Book{Levelt:89,
  author =       "W. J. M. Levelt",
  title =        "Speaking: From Intention to Articulation",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{Levenshtein,
  author =       "V. I. Levenshtein",
  title =        "Binary codes capable of correcting deletions,
                 insertions, and reversals",
  journal =      "Cybernetics and Control Theory",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "707--710",
  year =         "1966",
  note =         "Original in {\em Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR} 163(4):
                 845--848 (1965).",
}

@Book{Levin93,
  author =       "Beth Levin",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1993",
  title =        "English Verb Classes And Alternations: {A} Preliminary
                 Investigation",
}

@InProceedings{Levin94,
  author =       "L. Levin and B. Suhm and N. Coccaro and J. Carbonell
                 and K. Horiguchi and R. Isotani and A. Lavie and L.
                 Mayfield and C. P. Rose and C. Van Ess-Dykema and A.
                 Waibel",
  booktitle =    "AAAI Workshop on Integrating Speech and Natural
                 Language Processing",
  title =        "Speech--language integration in a multi-lingual speech
                 translation system",
  address =      "Seattle",
  pages =        "107--115",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{LevinRap95,
  author =       "Beth Levin and Malka Rappaport Hovav",
  title =        "Unaccusativity",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA.",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Unpublished{LevinRappaport96,
  author =       "Beth Levin and Malka {Rappaport Hovav}",
  title =        "From Lexical Semantics to Argument Realization",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "manuscript",
}

@Article{Levinson,
  author =       "Stephen E. Levinson",
  title =        "Structural Methods in Automatic Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1625--1650",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Book{LevPrag,
  author =       "Stephen C. Levinson",
  title =        "Pragmatics",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Book{LewPap,
  author =       "Harry Lewis and Christos Papadimitriou",
  title =        "Elements of the Theory of Computation",
  publisher =    "Prentice-Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  year =         "1981",
}


@article{ li98generalizing,
    author = "Hang Li and Naoki Abe",
    title = "Generalizing Case Frames Using a Thesaurus and the {MDL} Principle",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    pages = "217-244",
    year = "1998",
    url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/li98generalizing.html" 
}

@Book{lfg,
  editor =       "Joan Bresnan",
  title =        "The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{lfgintro,
  author =       "Joan Bresnan and Ronald M. Kaplan",
  editor =       "Joan Bresnan",
  booktitle =    "The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations",
  title =        "Introduction: {G}rammars as Mental Representations of
                 Language",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{lfgparser,
  author =       "Marilyn Ford and Joan Bresnan and Ronald M. Kaplan",
  editor =       "Joan Bresnan",
  booktitle =    "The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations",
  title =        "A competence-based theory of syntactic closure",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "727--796",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InProceedings{li-wmt09,
  author    = {Li, Jin-Ji  and  Kim, Jungi  and  Kim, Dong-Il  and  Lee, Jong-Hyeok},
  title     = {{C}hinese Syntactic Reordering for Adequate Generation of {K}orean Verbal Phrases in {C}hinese-to-{K}orean {SMT}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  month     = {March},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Athens, Greece},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {190--196},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-0433}
}

@InProceedings{li-EtAl:2009:Demos,
  author    = {Li, Zhifei  and  Callison-Burch, Chris  and  Dyery, Chris  and  Ganitkevitch, Juri  and  Khudanpur, Sanjeev  and  Schwartz, Lane  and  Thornton, Wren N. G.  and  Weese, Jonathan  and  Zaidan, Omar F.},
  title     = {Demonstration of Joshua: An Open Source Toolkit for Parsing-based Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Software Demonstrations},
  month     = {August},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Suntec, Singapore},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {25--28},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P09/P09-4007}
}



@InProceedings{liang-EtAl:2006:COLACL,
  author    = {Liang, Percy  and  Bouchard-C\^{o}t\'{e}, Alexandre  and  Klein, Dan  and  Taskar, Ben},
  title     = {An End-to-End Discriminative Approach to Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {July},
  year      = 2006,
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
  pages     = {761--768},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P06/P06-1096}
}

@inproceedings{liang-icml10,
  author    = {Percy Liang and
               Michael I. Jordan and
               Dan Klein},
  title     = {Learning Programs: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach},
  booktitle = {ICML},
  year      = {2010},
  pages     = {639-646},
  ee        = {http://www.icml2010.org/papers/568.pdf},
  annotate ="MCMC + combinatory logic. editing task of Lau 2003",
}

@inproceedings{liang-acl11,
  author    = {Percy Liang and
               Michael I. Jordan and
               Dan Klein},
  title     = {Learning Dependency-Based Compositional Semantics},
  booktitle = {ACL},
  year      = {2011},
  pages     = {590-599},
  ee        = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1060},
  annotate="database query: Geo and Jobs. mark/execute for scope. constraint satisfaction problems",
}

@InCollection{LibChu91,
  author =       "Mark Liberman and Kenneth W. Church",
  editor =       "Sadaoki Furui and M. Mohan Sondhi",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Speech Signal Processing",
  title =        "Text Analysis and Word Pronunciation in Text-to-Speech
                 Synthesis",
  publisher =    "Marcel Dekker",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "791--832",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{LibermanEtal52,
  author =       "A. M. Liberman and P. C. Delattre and F. S. Cooper",
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  volume =       "65",
  pages =        "497--516",
  year =         "1952",
}

@Article{LibermanEtal67,
  author =       "A. M. Liberman and F. S. Cooper and D. P. Shankweiler
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  title =        "Perception of the Speech Code",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "431--461",
  year =         "1967",
}

@Article{LibermanMat85,
  author =       "A. Liberman and I. Mattingly",
  title =        "The Motor Theory of Speech Perception Revised",
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  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "1--36",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Article{LibPrin77,
  author =       "Mark Liberman and Alan Prince",
  title =        "On stress and linguistic rhythm",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "249--336",
  year =         "1977",
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@InCollection{LibSproat92,
  author =       "Mark Liberman and Richard Sproat",
  editor =       "Ivan A. Sag and Anna Szabolcsi",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Matters",
  title =        "The Stress and Structure of Modified Noun Phrases in
                 {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "CSLI",
  address =      "Stanford University",
  pages =        "131--181",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{LiBurgLund99,
  author =       "P. Li and C. Burgess and K. Lund",
  editor =       "E. V. Clark",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Thirtieth Stanford Child Language
                 Research Forum",
  title =        "The acquisition of word meaning through global lexical
                 co-occurrences",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Book{Lieber92,
  author =       "Rochelle Lieber",
  title =        "Deconstructing Morphology",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Lieberman63,
  author =       "P. Lieberman",
  title =        "Some Effects of the Semantic and Grammatical Context
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  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "172--175",
  year =         "1963",
}

@Article{LiebermanEtal72,
  author =       "P. Lieberman and E. Crelin and D. H. Klatt",
  title =        "Phonetic Ability and the Related Anatomy of the
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                 Chimpanzee",
  journal =      "American Anthropologist",
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "287--307",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Unpublished{LIMSIdict,
  author =       "Lori Lamel",
  title =        "{The Limsi Dictionary}",
  year =         "1993",
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@InProceedings{Lin95,
  author =       "Dekang Lin",
  booktitle =    IJCAI95,
  title =        "A Dependency-based Method for Evaluating
                 Broad-Coverage Parsers",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "1420--1425",
  year =         "1995",
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@InProceedings{Lin98,
  author =       "Dekang Lin",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the COLING-ACL",
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  address =      "Montreal",
  year =         "1998",
}

@article{Lin-nle98,
author="Dekang Lin", 
year="1998",
title="A dependency-based method for evaluating broad-coverage
parsers",
journal="Natural Language Engineering", 
volume=4,
issue=2, 
pages="97--114"
}

@InProceedings{lin-minipar,
 author="Dekang Lin", 
 title="Dependency-based Evaluation of MINIPAR",
 booktitle="Workshop on the Evaluation of Parsing Systems",
 address="Granada, Spain", 
 year=1998
}

@incollection{Lin03,
author="Dekang Lin", 
year=2003, 
title="Dependency-based evaluation of MINIPAR",
booktitle="Building and using Parsed Corpora",
editor="Ann Abeille", 
series="Language and Speech series", 
publisher="KLUWER", 
address="Dordrecht"
}

@InProceedings{Lin-coling04,
 author="Dekang Lin",
  title     = {A Path-based Transfer Model for Machine Translation },
  booktitle = COLING04,
  year      = 2004,
  address   = {Geneva, Switzerland},
  pages     = {625--630}
}

@inproceedings{lin-och-coling2004,
  author    = {Lin, Chin-Yew  and  Och, Franz Josef},
  title     = {ORANGE: a Method for Evaluating Automatic Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translation },
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Coling 2004 },
  editor = {},
  year      = 2004,
  month     = {Aug 23--Aug 27},
  address   = {Geneva, Switzerland},
  publisher = {COLING},
  pages     = {501--507}
}


@Article{Lindblom63,
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  volume =       "35",
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  year =         "1963",
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@Article{LindblomEng89,
  author =       "B. Lindblom and O. Engstrand",
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  year =         "1989",
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@Article{LindblomSK67,
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  year =         "1967",
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@Article{Ling94,
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  volume =       "1",
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  year =         "1994",
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@InProceedings{linkgrammar,
  author =       "Daniel Sleator and Davy Temperley",
  booktitle =    iwpt3,
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  month =        aug,
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Lippmann89,
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  year =         "1989",
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@article{LiptonTarjan-siam79,
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@Article{LiskerAbramson64,
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  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "384--422",
  year =         "1964",
}

@Book{lispcraft,
  author =       "Robert Wilensky",
  title =        "Common {LISP}craft",
  publisher =    "W. W. Norton",
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@InProceedings{Lita05,
	author = {Lita, Lucian   and Rogati, Monica   and Lavie, Alon  },
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
	pages = {740--747},
	title = {{BLANC}: Learning Evaluation Metrics for {MT}},
	url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H/H05/H05-1093},
	year = {2005}
}

@PhdThesis{Lit85,
  author =       "Diane J. Litman",
  title =        "Plan Recognition and Discourse Analysis: {A}n
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  school =       "University of Rochester",
  address =      "Rochester, NY",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{Litman:95,
  author =       "Diane J. Litman and Rebecca J. Passonneau",
  booktitle =    ACL95,
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  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "108--115",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{LitmanAllen87,
  author =       "Diane J. Litman and James Allen",
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  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "163--200",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{lit_all_cs87,
  author =       "Diane J. Litman and James F. Allen",
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  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "163--200",
  year =         "1987",
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@InProceedings{LiYip96,
  author =       "Ping Li and Michael C. Yip",
  booktitle =    cogsci:96,
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  pages =        "228--232",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Liu-iui03,
 author="H. Liu and H. Lieberman and T. Selker",
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 pages="125--132",
 year=2003,
 publisher="ACM Press"
}

@InProceedings{Loiu-acl06,
 author="Yang Liu and Qun Liu and Shouxun Lin",
 year=2006,
 title="Tree-to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation",
 booktitle=ACL06, 
 address="Sydney, Australia",
 month="July"
}

@InProceedings{Liu-acl07,
 author="Yang Liu and Yun Huang and Qun Liu and Shouxun Lin", 
 title="Forest-to-String Statistical Translation Rules",
 booktitle=ACL07, 
 address="Prague", 
 year=2007
}

@InProceedings{Liz99,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic
                 Sciences (ICPhS-99)",
  title =        "Phonetic Consequences of Speech Disfluency",
  volume =       "I",
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "619--622",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Unpublished{LizBook,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg",
  title =        "Disfluencies: Computational and Statistical Models of
                 Spontaneous Speech",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "to appear",
}

@Article{Loc98,
  author =       "Karen E. Lochbaum",
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                 Structure",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "525--572",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{LocGroSid90,
  author =       "Karen E. Lochbaum and Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L.
                 Sidner",
  booktitle =    AAAI90,
  title =        "Models of plans to support communication: {A}n initial
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  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Boston, MA",
  pages =        "485--490",
  year =         "1990",
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@InProceedings{lopez-emnlp07,
  author    = {Lopez, Adam},
  title     = {Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation with Suffix Arrays},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2007},
  address   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {976--985},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D07/D07-1104}
}

@Article{Lopresti97,
  author =       "Daniel Lopresti and Jiangying Zhou",
  title =        "Using Consensus Sequence Voting to Correct {OCR}
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  journal =      "Computer Vision and Image Understanding",
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  number =       "1",
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  month =        Jul,
  year =         "1997",
}

@PhdThesis{Losiewicz92,
  author =       "Beth L. Losiewicz",
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  address =      "Austin, TX",
  year =         "1992",
}

@book{Lovasz93,
 title="Combinatorial Problems and Exercises (2nd ed)",
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 year=1993,
}

@PhdThesis{Low76,
  author =       "Bruce T. Lowerre",
  title =        "The {H}arpy Speech Recognition System",
  school =       "Carnegie Mellon University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  year =         "1968",
  department =   "Computer Science",
}

@InProceedings{Lowe97,
  author =       "John B. Lowe and Collin F. Baker and Charles J.
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  title =        "A frame-semantic approach to semantic annotation",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "18--24",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Book{lslt,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
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@InProceedings{lu-zhou-acl04,
 author = {Yajuan L\"{u} and Ming ZHOU},
 title = {Collocation translation acquisition using monolingual corpora},
 booktitle = {ACL '04: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics},
 year = {2004},
 pages = {167},
 location = {Barcelona, Spain},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1218955.1218977},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
}

@Book{Luce59,
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@InCollection{Luce90,
  author =       "Paul A. Luce and David B. Pisoni and Steven D.
                 Goldfinger",
  editor =       "Gerry T. M. Altmann",
  booktitle =    "Cognitive Models of Speech Processing",
  title =        "Similarity Neighborhoods of Spoken Words",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "122--147",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Lucke:93,
  author =       "Helmut Lucke",
  booktitle =    "Eurospeech 93",
  title =        "Inference of Stochastic Context-free Grammar Rules
                 from Example Data Using the Theory of {B}ayesian Belief
                 Propagation",
  address =      "Berlin",
  pages =        "1195--1198",
  year =         "1993",
  annote =       "Main ideas: (1) Use belief propagation to estimate
                 nonterminal in parse, and reestimate using EM (nothing
                 new here). (2) Allow input string to be parsed by
                 sequences of abutting partial parse trees. Effectively
                 uses a grammar in which the top-level rule is a loop
                 over all nonterminals, according to their ``unigram''
                 probabilities (which are reestimated as well). (3) Use
                 global Viterbi algorithm to find best alignment of
                 partial parses and best parse tree for each fragment.
                 (4) Speed I/O computation by pruning rules and chart
                 entries below a threshold. Tested on a dialogue
                 database, producing lower entropy than bigram and
                 trigram models. Doesn't report on the quality of the
                 parses produced.",
}

@Article{Luk80,
  author =       "G. Lukatela and B. Gligorijevi\`{c} and A. Kosti\`{c}
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  pages =        "415--423",
  year =         "1980",
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@InCollection{lunar,
  author =       "William A. Woods",
  editor =       "Antonio Zampolli",
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  year =         "1977",
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%Meyers, Adam, Catherine Macleod and Ralph Grishman (1996). "Standardization of the Complement Adjunct Distinction",
@InProceedings{Lund95,
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  booktitle =    cogsci:95,
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  pages =        "660--665",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{Lundinpress,
  author =       "Kevin Lund and Curt Burgess",
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                 model of semantic representation (abstract)",
  journal =      "Brain \& Cognition",
  year =         "In press",
}

@InProceedings{Lyon82,
  author =       "R. F. Lyon",
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  year =         "1982",
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@Article{LyonMead88,
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  pages =        "1119--1134",
  year =         "1988",
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@InCollection{Lyons72,
  author =       "John Lyons",
  editor =       "R. A. Hinde",
  booktitle =    "Non-verbal Communication",
  title =        "Human Language",
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  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1972",
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@InProceedings{Lytinen,
  author =       "Steven L. Lytinen",
  booktitle =    AAAI86,
  title =        "Dynamically combining syntax and semantics in natural
                 language processing",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    MK,
  pages =        "574--578",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{Lytinen91,
  author =       "Steven L. Lytinen",
  booktitle =    AAAI91,
  title =        "Semantics-first Natural Language Processing",
  publisher =    MK,
  pages =        "111--116",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Mac84,
  author =       "B. MacWhinney and E. Bates and R. Kliegl",
  title =        "Cue validity and sentence interpretation in {E}nglish,
                 {G}erman, and {I}talian",
  journal =      JVLVB,
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "127--150",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{Mac93,
  author =       "Maryellen C. MacDonald",
  title =        "The Interaction of Lexical and Syntactic Ambiguity",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "692--715",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{Mac94,
  author =       "Maryellen C. MacDonald and Neal J. Pearlmutter and
                 Mark S. Seidenberg",
  booktitle =    "Perspectives on Sentence Processing",
  title =        "Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution as Lexical Ambiguity
                 Resolution",
  publisher =    "Erlbaum",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "123--154",
  year =         "1994",
  editors =      "Clifton, Jr, Charles and Lyn Frazier and Keith
                 Rayner",
}

@InCollection{Mac94a,
  author =       "Maryellen C. MacDonald and Neal J. Pearlmutter and
                 Mark S. Seidenberg",
  editor =       "Charles {Clifton, Jr.} and Lyn Frazier and Keith
                 Rayner",
  booktitle =    "Perspectives on Sentence Processing",
  title =        "Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution as Lexical Ambiguity
                 Resolution",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "123--154",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Mac94b,
  author =       "Maryellen C. MacDonald",
  title =        "Probabilistic Constraints and Syntactic Ambiguity
                 Resolution",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "157--201",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Mac94c,
  author =       "Maryellen C. MacDonald and Neal J. Pearlmutter and
                 Mark S. Seidenberg",
  title =        "The Lexical Nature of Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  volume =       "101",
  pages =        "676--703",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Unpublished{Mac98,
  author =       "Catherine Macleod and Ralph Grishman and Adam Meyers",
  title =        "{COMLEX} {Syntax} {Reference} {Manual} {Version} 3.0",
  year =         "1998",
  note =         "Linguistic Data Consortium",
}

@Book{MacBat89,
  author =       "Brian MacWhinney and Elizabeth Bates",
  title =        "The Crosslinguistic Study of Sentence Processing",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{MacJusCardra,
  author =       "Maryellen C. MacDonald and Marcel Adam Just and
                 Patricia A. Carpenter",
  title =        "Working Memory Constraints on the Processing of
                 Syntactic Ambiguity",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  year =         "in press",
}

@Article{MaclayOsgood59,
  author =       "H. Maclay and C. E. Osgood",
  title =        "Hesitation phenomena in spontaneous {E}nglish speech",
  journal =      "Word",
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "19--44",
  year =         "1959",
}

@Article{macp88,
  author =       "Brian MacWhinney and {Csaba Pl\'{e}h}",
  title =        "The processing of restrictive relative clauses in
                 {H}ungarian",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "95--141",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{macw77,
  author =       "Brian MacWhinney",
  title =        "Starting Points",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "53",
  pages =        "152--168",
  year =         "1977",
}

@InCollection{macw82,
  author =       "Brian MacWhinney",
  editor =       "S. Kuczaj",
  booktitle =    "Language Acquisition: Volume 1, Syntax and Semantics",
  title =        "Basic Syntactic Processes",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "73--136",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{MacWhinney,
  author =       "Brian MacWhinney",
  editor =       "Brian MacWhinney",
  booktitle =    "Mechanisms of Language Acquisition",
  title =        "The Competition Model",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "249--308",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{MacWLein91,
  author =       "Brian MacWhinney and Jared Leinbach",
  title =        "Implementations are not conceptualizations: {R}evising
                 the verb learning model",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "40",
  pages =        "121--157",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Mag95,
  author =       "David M. Magerman",
  booktitle =    ACL95,
  title =        "Statistical Decision-Tree Models for Parsing",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "276--283",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Magerman91a,
  author =       "David M. Magerman and Mitchell P. Marcus",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the European
                 Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics",
  title =        "Pearl: {A} Probabilistic Chart Parser",
  address =      "Berlin, Germany",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Magerman91b,
  author =       "David M. Magerman and Mitchell P. Marcus",
  booktitle =    DARPA91,
  title =        "Parsing the {Voyager} Domain Using {Pearl}",
  pages =        "231--236",
  year =         "1991",
  annote =       "Seems to be a verbatim copy of \cite{Magerman:91}.",
}

@InProceedings{Magerman95,
  author =       "David Magerman",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the ACL",
  title =        "Statistical Decision-Tree Models for Parsing",
  address =      "Cambridge, Massachusetts",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{MaiSha82,
  author =       "Anthony S. Maida and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title =        "Intensional Concepts in Propositional Semantic
                 Networks",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "291--330",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InProceedings{kallmeyer-maier:2010,
  author    = {Kallmeyer, Laura  and  Maier, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Data-Driven Parsing with Probabilistic Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2010)},
  month     = {August},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Beijing, China},
  publisher = {Coling 2010 Organizing Committee},
  pages     = {537--545},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C10-1061}
}

@article{makedon85,
  author="F. S. Makedon and C. H. Papadimitriou and I. H. Sudborough",
  title="Topological Bandwidth",
  journal="SIAM J. Alg. Disc. Meth.",
  volume=6,
  number=3,
  year=1985,
  pages="418--444",
  url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0606044",
}


@Book{Mak72,
  author =       "Adam Makkai",
  title =        "Idiom Structure in {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Book{Makkai72,
  editor =       "V. B. Makkai",
  title =        "Phonological Theory: Evolution and Current Practice",
  publisher =    "Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.",
  year =         "1972",
}

@InProceedings{Man93,
  author =       "Christopher D. Manning",
  booktitle =    ACL93,
  title =        "Automatic Acquisition of a Large Subcategorization
                 Dictionary from Corpora",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Columbus, Ohio",
  pages =        "235--242",
  year =         "1993",
  annote =       "Extract subcat frames from large corpora in a
                 three-stage process: 1) POS tagging using the PARC
                 tagger \cite{Kupiec:92c}. 2) a simple finite-state
                 parser detects verbs and their non-subject arguments.
                 3) Spurious subcats are filtered using a statistical
                 rejection rule based on \cite{Brent:92}. Achieves about
                 82\% correct subcat labelings on NYT newswire.
                 Comparison with OALD entries gives 90\% error on verb
                 types, and 43\% coverage.",
}

@InProceedings{ManguBrill97,
  author =       "Lidia Mangu and Eric Brill",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-97)",
  title =        "Automatic Rule Acquisition for Spelling Correction",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Nashville, TN",
  pages =        "187--194",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Manning93,
  author =       "Christopher D. Manning",
  booktitle =    acl:93,
  title =        "Automatic Acquisition of a Large Subcategorization
                 Dictionary from Corpora",
  address =      "Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio",
  pages =        "235--242",
  year =         "1993",
  annote =       "Extract subcat frames from large corpora in a
                 three-stage process: 1) POS tagging using the PARC
                 tagger \cite{Kupiec:92c}. 2) a simple finite-state
                 parser detects verbs and their non-subject arguments.
                 3) Spurious subcats are filtered using a statistical
                 rejection rule based on \cite{Brent:92}. Achieves about
                 82\% correct subcat labelings on NYT newswire.
                 Comparison with OALD entries gives 90\% error on verb
                 types, and 43\% coverage.",
}

@Article{MannRepp80,
  author =       "V. Mann and B. Repp",
  journal =      "Perception and Psychophysics",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "213--228",
  year =         "1980",
  title =        "Influence of Vocalic Context on Perception of the
                 [\v{s}]-[s] Distinction",
}

@Book{ManSchu,
  author =       "Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich {Sch\"{u}tze}",
  title =        "Foundations of Statistical Natural Language
                 Processing",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{manshadi-acl11,
  author    = {Manshadi, Mehdi  and  Allen, James  and  Swift, Mary},
  title     = {A Corpus of Scope-disambiguated English Text},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  year      = {2011},
  location   = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
  pages     = {141--146},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2025}
}


"Primir statisticheskevo izeldovania nad teketom "Yevgenia Onigina" illiustriruyushii cviaz  ispitanii vi tsip ( "
@Article{Mar13,
  author =       "A. A. Markov",
  title =        "Essai d'une recherche statistique sur le texte du
                 roman ``{E}ugene {O}negin'' illustrant la liaison des
                 epreuve en chain ({`Example} of a statistical
                 investigation of the text of ``{E}ugene {O}negin''
                 illustrating the dependence between samples in
                 chain')",
  journal =      "Izvistia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk (Bulletin de
                 {l'Acad\'{e}mie} {Imp\'{e}riale} des Sciences de
                 {St.-P\'{e}tersbourg)}",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "153--162",
  year =         "1913",
  note =         "English translation by Morris Halle, 1956.",
  series =       "6",
}

@Article{Mar75,
  author =       "William Marslen-Wilson",
  title =        "Sentence perception as an interactive parallel
                 process.",
  journal =      "Science",
  volume =       "189",
  pages =        "226--228",
  year =         "1975",
}

@Article{Mar83,
  author =       "Ian Marshall",
  title =        "Choice of Grammatical Word-Class without {GL}obal
                 Syntactic Analysis: {T}agging words in the {LOB}
                 Corpus",
  journal =      "Computers and the Humanities",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "139--150",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InCollection{Mar90,
  author =       "William Marslen-Wilson",
  editor =       "Gerry T. M. Altmann",
  booktitle =    "Cognitive Models of Speech Processing",
  title =        "Activation, Competition, and Frequency in Lexical
                 Access",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "148--172",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Mar94,
  author =       "William Marslen-Wilson and Lorraine Komisarjevsky
                 Tyler and Rachelle Waksler and Lianne Older",
  title =        "Morphology and Meaning in the {E}nglish Mental
                 Lexicon",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  volume =       "101",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--33",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Marcu00,
  editor =       "Daniel Marcu",
  title =        "The Theory and Practice of Discourse Parsing and
                 Summarization",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "2000",
}



@InProceedings{ Marcu-emnlp02,
  author = "Daniel Marcu and William Wong",
  title = "A Phrase-Based, Joint Probability Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
  year=2002,
  booktitle=EMNLP02,
  url = "http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/marcu02phrasebased.html" 
}


@Article{Marcu00b,
  author =       "Daniel Marcu",
  title =        "The Rhetorical Parsing of Unrestricted Texts: {A}
                 Surface-based Approach",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "395--448",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Book{Marcus,
  author =       "Mitchell P. Marcus",
  title =        "A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural
                 Language",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{Marcus90,
  author =       "Mitchell P. Marcus",
  booktitle =    DARPA90,
  title =        "Summary of Session 9: Automatic Acquisition of
                 Linguistic Structure",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Hidden Valley, PA",
  pages =        "249--250",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Marcus94,
  author =       "Mitchell P. Marcus and Grace Kim and Mary Ann
                 Marcinkiewicz and Robert MacIntyre and Ann Bies and
                 Mark Ferguson and Karen Katz and Britta Schasberger",
  booktitle =    "ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop",
  title =        "The {P}enn {T}reebank: {A}nnotating predicate argument
                 structure",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Plainsboro, NJ",
  pages =        "114--119",
  year =         "1994",
}

@TechReport{Marcus:93,
  author =       "Gary F. Marcus and Ursula Brinkman and Harald Clahsen
                 and Richard Wiese and Andreas Woest and Steven Pinker",
  title =        "German Inflection: The Exception that Proves the
                 Rule",
  type =         "Occasional Paper",
  number =       "\#47",
  institution =  "MIT Center for Cognitive Science",
  address =      "Cambridge, Mass.",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1993",
  annote =       "Argues for default rule + exception list and against
                 unified connectionist pattern association for retrieval
                 of inflectional forms. Uses German participle and
                 plural morphology as examples, since the default
                 morphemes there do no coincide with the majority
                 types.",
}

@InProceedings{MarHinFle83,
  author =       "Mitchell P. Marcus and Donald Hindle and Margaret M.
                 Fleck",
  booktitle =    ACL83,
  title =        "{D}-Theory: Talking about Talking about Trees",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "129--136",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Unpublished{mari99,
  author =       "Mari Ostendorf",
  title =        "Modeling Structure in Speech above the Segment for
                 Spontaneous Speech Recognition",
  year =         "1999",
  notes =        "Talk presented at the National Science Foundation",
}

@TechReport{mari:97,
  author =       "M. Ostendorf and B. Byrne and M. Bacchiani and M.
                 Finke and A. Gunawardana and K. Ross and S. Roweis and
                 E. Shriberg and D. Talkin and A Waibel and B. Wheatley
                 and T. Zeppenfeld",
  title =        "Modeling Systematic Variations in Pronunciation via a
                 Language-Dependent Hidden Speaking Mode",
  type =         "Research Note",
  number =       "24",
  institution =  "Center for Speech and Language Processing, Johns
                 Hopkins University",
  address =      "Baltimore, MD",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InCollection{Marshall87,
  author =       "Ian Marshall",
  editor =       "Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Geoffrey
                 Sampson",
  booktitle =    "The Computational Analysis of {E}nglish",
  title =        "Tag selection using probabilistic methods",
  publisher =    "Longman",
  address =      "London",
  pages =        "42--56",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Marslen,
  author =       "William Marslen-Wilson",
  title =        "Functional parallelism in spoken word recognition",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "71--102",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Marslenbrown,
  author =       "William Marslen-Wilson and Colin M. Brown and Lorraine
                 K. Tyler",
  title =        "Lexical Representations in Spoken Language
                 Comprehension",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--16",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{MarslenWilson75,
  author =       "W. D. Marslen-Wilson",
  title =        "Sentence Perception as an Interactive Parallel
                 Process",
  journal =      "Science",
  volume =       "189",
  pages =        "226--228",
  year =         "1975",
}

@Article{MarslenWilson87,
  author =       "W. Marslen-Wilson",
  title =        "Functional Parallelism in Spoken Word-Recognition",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "71--102",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InCollection{MarslenWilson89,
  author =       "W. Marslen-Wilson",
  editor =       "W. Marslen-Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Representation and Process",
  title =        "Psychological Models of Lexical Processing",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{MarsWilWelsh78,
  author =       "W. D. Marslen-Wilson and A. Welsh",
  title =        "Processing Interactions and Lexical Access During Word
                 Recognition in Continuous Speech",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "29--63",
  year =         "1978",
}

@TechReport{Martin,
  author =       "James Martin",
  title =        "A Computational Theory of Metaphor",
  number =       "88/465",
  institution =  "University of California at Berkeley, Computer Science
                 Division",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{Martin:90,
  author =       "James H. Martin",
  title =        "A Computational Model of Metaphor Interpretation",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1990",
}

@book{martin-92,
 author		= {Martin, Samuel E.},
 title		= {Reference Grammar of Korean: A Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language},
 publisher	= {Tuttle Publishing},
 year 		= {1992},
}

@Book{Martinet,
  editor =       "Andr\'{e} Martinet",
  title =        "Elements of General Linguistics",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1960",
}

@InProceedings{marton-resnik-acl08,
  author    = {Marton, Yuval  and  Resnik, Philip},
  title     = {Soft Syntactic Constraints for Hierarchical Phrased-Based Translation},
  booktitle = ACL08,
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2008},
  pages     = {1003--1011},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P08/P08-1114}
}

@InCollection{MarTyl87,
  author =       "William Marslen-Wilson and Lorraine K. Tyler",
  editor =       "Jay L. Garfield",
  booktitle =    "Modularity in knowledge representation and natural
                 language understanding.",
  title =        "Against modularity.",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{MarWil73,
  author =       "William D. Marslen-Wilson",
  title =        "Linguistic Structure and speech shadowing at very
                 short latencies",
  journal =      "Nature",
  volume =       "244",
  pages =        "522--523",
  year =         "1973",
}

@Article{MarWilTyl80,
  author =       "William D. Marslen-Wilson and Lorraine K. Tyler",
  title =        "The temporal structure of spoken language
                 understanding",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "1--71",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Book{Massaro98,
  author =       "Dominic W. Massaro",
  title =        "Perceiving Talking Faces: From Speech Perception to a
                 Behavioral Principle",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{MassaroCohen83,
  author =       "Dominic W. Massaro and Michael M. Cohen",
  title =        "Evaluation and integration of visual and auditory
                 information in speech perception",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception
                 and Performance",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "753--771",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{MastEtAl:96,
  author =       "M. Mast and R. Kompe and S. Harbeck and A.
                 Kie{\ss}ling and H. Niemann and E. N{\"o}th and E. G.
                 Schukat-Talamazzini and V. Warnke",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Dialog Act Classification With the Help of Prosody",
  volume =       "3",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "1732--1735",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{matsuzaki05,
 author = {Takuya Matsuzaki and Yusuke Miyao and Jun'ichi Tsujii},
 title = {Probabilistic {CFG} with latent annotations},
 booktitle = ACL05,
 year = 2005,
 pages = {75--82},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1219840.1219850},
}

@Book{Matthews,
  author =       "P. H. Matthews",
  title =        "Morphology",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1974",
}

@Article{MayDamMer91,
  author =       "Eric Mays and Fred J. Damerau and Robert L. Mercer",
  title =        "Context based spelling correction",
  journal =      "Information Processing and Management",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "517--522",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{MayKnight-emnlp07,
 title="Syntactic Re-Alignment Models for Machine Translation", 
 author="Jonathan May and Kevin Knight", 
 booktitle=EMNLP07,        
 year=2007
}

@InCollection{MazIto95,
  author =       "Reiko Mazuka and Kenji Itoh",
  editor =       "Reiko Mazuka and Noriko Nagai",
  booktitle =    "Japanese Sentence Processing",
  title =        "Can {J}apanese speakers be led down the garden path?",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "295--330",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{McAllaster98,
  author =       "Don McAllaster and Larry Gillick and Francesco
                 Scattone and Mike Newman",
  booktitle =    icslp98,
  title =        "Fabricating Conversational Speech Data with Acoustic
                 Models: {A} Program to Examine Model-Data Mismatch",
  volume =       "5",
  address =      "Sydney",
  pages =        "1847--1850",
  year =         "1998",
}

@article{mcallester-jacm02,
 author = {McAllester, David},
 title = {On the complexity analysis of static analyses},
 journal = {J. ACM},
 volume = {49},
 number = {4},
 year = {2002},
 issn = {0004-5411},
 pages = {512--537},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/581771.581774},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@InProceedings{ mcallester-uai04,
  author = "David McAllester and Michael Collins and Fernando Pereira",
  title = "Case-Factor Diagrams for Structured Probabilistic Modeling",
  booktitle="Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Uncertainty and Artificial Intelligence (UAI)",
  year=2004,
  url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mcallester04casefactor.html" }


@article{McAllester-ml99,
 author = {David A. McAllester},
 title = {Some PAC-Bayesian Theorems},
 journal = {Machine Learning},
 volume = {37},
 number = {3},
 year = {1999},
 pages = {355--363},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007618624809},
 publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
}


@InCollection{McC01,
  author =       "James L. McClelland",
  editor =       "Mike Oaksford and Nick Chater",
  booktitle =    "Rational Models of Cognition",
  title =        "Connectionist models and {B}ayesian inference",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  pages =        "21--53",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{McC68,
  author =       "James D. McCawley",
  title =        "Concerning the Base Component of a Transformational
                 Grammar",
  journal =      "Foundations of Language",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "243--269",
  year =         "1968",
}
@InProceedings{McCallum00a,
  author =       "Andrew McCallum and Dayne Freitag and Fernando
                 Pereira",
  booktitle =    "Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Seventeenth
                 International Conference (ICML 2000)",
  title =        "Maximum Entropy {M}arkov Models for Information
                 Extraction and Segmentation",
  address =      "Stanford, California",
  pages =        "591--598",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{McCarthy00,
  author =       "Diana McCarthy",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1st Annual Meeting of the North
                 American Chapter of the ACL (NAACL)",
  title =        "Using Semantic Preferences to Identify Verbal
                 Participation in Role Switching Alternations",
  address =      "Seattle, Washington",
  pages =        "256--263",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{mccarthy-acl04,
  author    = {McCarthy, Diana  and  Koeling, Rob  and  Weeds, Julie  and  Carroll, John},
  title     = {Finding Predominant Word Senses in Untagged Text},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'04), Main Volume},
  year      = 2004,
  month     = {July},
  address   = {Barcelona, Spain},
  pages     = {279--286}
}


@Article{McCarthy81LI,
  author =       "John J. McCarthy",
  title =        "A prosodic theory of non-concatenative morphology",
  journal =      "Linguistic Inquiry",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "373--418",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Article{McCarthy88,
  author =       "John J. McCarthy",
  title =        "Feature Geometry and Dependency: {A} Review",
  journal =      "Phonetica",
  volume =       "45",
  pages =        "84--108",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{McCarthy95,
  author =       "John J. McCarthy and Alan Prince",
  editor =       "J. Goldsmith",
  booktitle =    "Handbook of Phonological Theory",
  title =        "Prosodic Morphology",
  publisher =    "Basil Blackwell Ltd.",
  pages =        "318--366",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InCollection{McCawley78,
  author =       "James D. McCawley",
  editor =       "Alan Bell and John Bybee Hooper",
  booktitle =    "Syllables and Segments",
  title =        "Where you can shove infixes",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "213--221",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InProceedings{Mccawley88,
  author =       "James D. McCawley",
  booktitle =    BLS88,
  title =        "The comparative conditional construction in {E}nglish,
                 {G}erman, and {C}hinese",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "176--187",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Book{McCawley98,
  author =       "James D. McCawley",
  title =        "The Syntactic Phenomena of {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{Mcclelland,
  author =       "James L. McClelland",
  editor =       "M. Coltheart",
  booktitle =    "Attention and Performance {XII}",
  title =        "The case for interactionism in language processing",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "3--36",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Mcclelland-parser,
  author =       "James L. McClelland and Mark {St. John} and Roman
                 Taraban",
  title =        "Sentence Comprehension: {A} Parallel Distributed
                 Processing Approach",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3/4",
  pages =        "123--154",
  year =         "1989",
}

% InProceedings{MengZue90}
% InProceedings{HuangLippmann88}
% InProceedings{KohonenEtAl88}

% InProceedings{MengZue90}
% InProceedings{HuangLippmann88}
% InProceedings{KohonenEtAl88}

@Article{McClElman86,
  author =       "J. L. McClelland and J. L. Elman",
  title =        "The {TRACE} Model of Speech Perception",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "1--86",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Article{Mccord82,
  author =       "Michael C. McCord",
  title =        "Using slots and modifiers in logic grammars for
                 natural language",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "327--368",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{Mccord90,
  author =       "Michael C. McCord",
  editor =       "R. Studer",
  booktitle =    "Natural language and logic",
  title =        "{SLOT} {GRAMMAR}: {A} System for Simpler Construction
                 of Practical Natural Language Grammars",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Berlin",
  pages =        "118--145",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{McCoy98,
  author =       "Kathleen F. McCoy and Christopher A. Pennington and
                 Arlene Luberoff Badman",
  title =        "Compansion: {F}rom research prototype to practical
                 integration",
  journal =      "Natural Language Engineering",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--95",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{McDMac89,
  author =       "Janet McDonald and Brian MacWhinney",
  editor =       "Brian MacWhinney and Elizabeth Bates",
  booktitle =    "The Crosslinguistic Study of Sentence Processing",
  title =        "Maximum Likelihood Models for Sentence Processing",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "397--421",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{McDonald-emnlp05,
 title="Non-Projective Dependency Parsing using Spanning Tree Algorithms",
 author="Ryan McDonald and Fernando Pereira and Kiril Ribarov and Jan Haji\v{c}",
 booktitle=EMNLP05,
 year=2005
}

@Article{McElree93,
  author =       "Brian McElree",
  title =        "The Locus of Lexical Preference Effects in Sentence
                 Comprehension: {A} Time-Course Analysis",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "536--571",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{McKeown,
  author =       "Kathleen R. McKeown",
  title =        "Text Generation:\ {U}sing Discourse Strategies and
                 Focus Constraints to Generate Natural Language Text",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{mckeown99,
  author =       "Kathleen R McKeown and Judith Klavans and Vasileios
                 Hatzivassiloglou and Regina Barzilay and Eleazar
                 Eskin",
  booktitle =    "{"}Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference
                 on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99){"}",
  title =        "Towards Multidocument Summarization by Reformulation:
                 Progress and Prospects",
  organization = "ACL",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1999",
}

@InCollection{McKRat90,
  author =       "Gail McKoon and Roger Ratcliff",
  editor =       "Arthur C. Graesser and Gordon H. Bower",
  booktitle =    "Inferences and Text Comprehension",
  title =        "Dimensions of Inference",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  pages =        "313--328",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{McNeillLindig73,
  author =       "D. McNeill and K. Lindig",
  title =        "The Perceptual Reality of Phonemes: Syllables, Words,
                 and Sentences",
  journal =      "Journal of Verbal Learning and Memory",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "431--461",
  year =         "1973",
}

@Article{McRae98,
  author =       "Ken McRae and Michael J. Spivey-Knowlton and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  title =        "Modeling the Influence of Thematic Fit (and Other
                 Constraints) in On-line Sentence Comprehension",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "283--312",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{Mcroy-hirst,
  author =       "Susan Weber McRoy and Graeme Hirst",
  title =        "Race-Based Parsing and Syntactic Disambiguation",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "313--353",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Mealy,
  author =       "George H. Mealy",
  title =        "A Method for Synthesizing Sequential Circuits",
  journal =      "Bell System Technical Journal",
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1045--1079",
  year =         "1955",
}

@Book{mebook,
  author =       "Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin",
  title =        "Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to
                 Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics,
                 and Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "Prentice Hall",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Misc{Meddis1990,
  author =       "Ray Meddis and Michael J. Hewitt",
  title =        "Modelling the Identification of Concurrent Vowels with
                 Different Fundamental Frequencies",
  year =         "1990",
  annotate =     "This paper describes a model of human hearing which
                 consists of six main stages of processing. Stage 1
                 models the outer ear and middle ear. Stage 2 models the
                 basilar membrane's mechanical filtering. Stage 3 is a
                 hair-cell simulator. Stage 4 computes the
                 autocorrelation functions (ACFs) for each of the hair
                 cell channels. In stage 5, the ACFs from each channel
                 are summed to form a pooled ACF\@. Finally, in stage 6,
                 the pitch of the signal is extracted from the pooled
                 ACF. \newline The main motive behind the use of this
                 model was in the identification of vowels with
                 different fundamental frequencies. The model was
                 successful in simulating perceptual data on
                 simultaneous vowel identification.",
}


@InProceedings{Melamed-naacl03,
 author="I. Dan Melamed",
 title="Multitext Grammars and Synchronous Parsers",
 booktitle=NAACL03,
 address="Edmonton",
 pages="158--165",
 year=2003,
}

@InProceedings{Melamed-acl04,
 author="I. Dan Melamed and Giorgio Satta and Ben Wellington",
 year=2004,
 title="Generalized Multitext Grammars",
 booktitle=ACL04,
 pages     = {661--668},
 address="Barcelona, Spain",
}

@InProceedings{melnik-02,
 title={Similarity flooding: a versatile graph matching algorithm and its application to schema matching},
 author={Melnik, S. and Garcia-Molina, H. and Rahm, E.},
 booktitle={Data Engineering, 2002. Proceedings. 18th International Conference on},
 year={2002},
 pages={117-128},
 doi={10.1109/ICDE.2002.994702},
 url="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=994702"
}




@Book{Mel,
  author =       "Igor A. Mel'\v{c}uk",
  title =        "Studies in dependency syntax",
  publisher =    "Karoma Publishers",
  address =      "Ann Arbor",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Book{Melcuk,
  author =       "Igor A. Mel'\u{c}uk",
  title =        "Studies in dependency syntax",
  publisher =    "Karoma Publishers",
  address =      "Ann Arbor",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Book{Melcuk88,
  author =       "Ivan A. Mel'\u{c}uk",
  title =        "Dependency Syntax: Theory and Practice",
  publisher =    "State University of New York Press",
  year =         "1988",
}


@Article{Melcuk88a,
  author =       "Mel'cuk, Ivan A",
  title =        "Semantic Description of Lexical Units in an Explanatory
Combinatorial Dictionary: Basic Principles and Heuristic Criteria",
  journal =      "International Journal of Lexicography",
  pages =        "165-188",
  year =         1988,
  volume =       "I:3"
}


@InCollection{Mellish,
  author =       "Christopher S. Mellish",
  editor =       "Karen {Sparck Jones} and Yorick Wilks",
  booktitle =    "Automatic Natural Language Parsing",
  title =        "Incremental semantic interpretation in a modular
                 parsing system",
  publisher =    "Ellis-Horwood",
  address =      "Chichester",
  pages =        "148--155",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Unpublished{Menn95,
  author =       "L. Menn and M. Hayashi and Reilly and A. Kamio and I.
                 Fujita",
  title =        "The Interaction of Preserved Pragmatics and Impaired
                 Syntax in {J}apanese and {E}nglish Aphasic Speech",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "draft",
}

@Article{Menn:82,
  author =       "Lise Menn and S. Boyce",
  title =        "Fundamental frequency and discourse structure",
  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "341--383",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InProceedings{MerBah,
  author =       "L. R. Bahl and R. L. Mercer",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on
                 Information Theory",
  title =        "Part of Speech Assignment by a Statistical Decision
                 Algorithm",
  pages =        "88--89",
  year =         "1976",
}

@Article{Merialdo,
  author =       "Bernard Merialdo",
  title =        "Tagging {E}nglish Text with a Probabilistic Model",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "155--172",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Merlo,
  author =       "Paola Merlo",
  title =        "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Verb Continuation
                 Frequencies for Syntactic Processing",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "435--457",
  year =         "1994",
}
                  
@InProceedings{merlo-musillo-conll08,
  author="Paola Merlo and Gabriele Musillo",
  title="Semantic Parsing for High-Precision Semantic Role Labelling", 
  booktitle="CoNLL-08",
  year=2008,

}

@InProceedings{mermer-acl11,
  author    = {Mermer, Coskun  and  Saraclar, Murat},
  title     = {Bayesian Word Alignment for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = ACL11,
  year      = {2011},
  pages     = {182--187},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2032}
}

@Article{Merton,
  author =       "Robert K. Merton",
  title =        "Singletons and Multiples in Scientific Discovery",
  journal =      "American Philosophical Society Proceedings",
  volume =       "105",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "470--486",
  year =         "1961",
}

@Book{Meteer95,
  author =       "Marie Meteer and others",
  title =        "Dysfluency Annotation Stylebook for the {S}witchboard
                 Corpus",
  publisher =    "Linguistic Data Consortium",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Revised June 1995 by Ann Taylor.
                 ftp://ftp.cis.upenn.edu/pub/treebank/swbd/doc/DFL-book.ps.gz",
}

@InProceedings{Meteer:96,
  author =       "Marie Meteer and Rukmini Iyer",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in
                 Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "Modeling Conversational Speech for Speech
                 Recognition",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "University of Pennsylvania",
  pages =        "33--47",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{MeuMin97,
  author =       "W. Detmar Meurers and Guido Minnen",
  title =        "A Computational Treatment of Lexical Rules in {HPSG}
                 as Covariation in Lexical Entries",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "543--568",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Meyer71,
  author =       "D. E. Meyer and R. W. Schvaneveldt",
  title =        "Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: {E}vidence
                 of a dependence between retrieval operations",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology",
  volume =       "90",
  pages =        "227--234",
  year =         "1971",
}

@Unpublished{Meyers95,
  author =       "Adam Meyers and Catherine Macleod and Ralph Grishman",
  title =        "{COMLEX} Syntax 2.0 Manual for Tagged Entries",
  publisher =    "Proteus Project, New York University",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Meyers96,
  author =       "Adam Meyers and Catherine Macleod and Ralph Grishman",
  booktitle =    "The Proceedings of the Seventh Euralex International
                 Congress",
  title =        "Standardization of the Complement Adjunct
                 Distinction",
  address =      "Goteborg",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{MFord83,
  author =       "M. Ford",
  title =        "A method for obtaining measures of local parsing
                 complexity through sentences",
  journal =      JVLVB,
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "203--218",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{mi-huang-liu-acl08,
  author    = {Mi, Haitao  and  Huang, Liang  and  Liu, Qun},
  title     = {Forest-Based Translation},
  booktitle = ACL08,
  year      = {2008},
  pages     = {192--199},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P08/P08-1023}
}

@PhdThesis{michellethesis,
  author =       "Michelle L. Gregory",
  title =        "Linguistic Informativeness and Speech Production: An
                 Investigation of Contextual and Discourse-pragmatic
                 Effects on Phonological Variation",
  school =       "University of Colorado, Boulder",
  address =      "Boulder, CO",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{MicLam96,
  author =       "Laura A. Michaelis and Knud Lambrecht",
  title =        "Toward a Construction-Based Theory of Language
                 Function: {T}he Case of Nominal Extraposition",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "215--247",
  year =         "1996",
}


@InProceedings{Mihalcea03,
  author="Rada Mihalcea and Ted Pederson",
  title="An Evaluation Exercise for Word Alignment",
  booktitle="HLT-NAACL 2003 Workshop on Building and Using Parallel Texts: Data Driven Machine Translation and Beyond",
  address="Edmonton, Alberta",
  pages="1--10", 
  year="2003"
}

@Article{Mil82,
  author =       "Robert William Milne",
  title =        "Predicting Garden Path Sentences",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "349--374",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{MilCho63,
  author =       "George A. Miller and Noam Chomsky",
  editor =       "R. Duncan Luce and Robert R. Bush and Eugene
                 Galanter",
  booktitle =    "Handbook of Mathematical Psychology",
  title =        "Finitary Models of Language Users",
  volume =       "II",
  publisher =    "John Wiley",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "419--491",
  year =         "1963",
}

@Book{MilJoh76,
  author =       "George A. Miller and Phillip N. Johnson-Laird",
  title =        "Language and Perception",
  publisher =    "Harvard Univ. Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InProceedings{Miller00,
  author =       "Scott Miller and Heidi Fox and Lance Ramshaw and Ralph
                 Weischedel",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1st Annual Meeting of the North
                 American Chapter of the ACL (NAACL)",
  title =        "A Novel Use of Statistical Parsing to Extract
                 Information from Text",
  address =      "Seattle, Washington",
  pages = {226--233},
  year =         "2000",
}

@Article{Miller89,
  author =       "J. Miller",
  title =        "Auditory-Perceptual Interpretation of the Vowel",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "85",
  pages =        "2114--2134",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Miller94,
  author =       "Scott Miller and Robert Bobrow and Robert Ingria and
                 Richard Schwartz",
  booktitle =    ACL94,
  title =        "Hidden Understanding Models of Natural Language",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Las Cruces, NM",
  pages =        "25--32",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Milleretal96,
  author =       "Scott Miller and David Stallard and Robert Bobrow and
                 Richard Schwartz",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the ACL",
  title =        "A Fully Statistical Approach to Natural Language
                 Interfaces",
  address =      "Santa Cruz, California",
  pages =        "55--61",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{MillerNicely55,
  author =       "G. A. Miller and P. E. Nicely",
  title =        "An Analysis of Perceptual Confusions Among Some
                 {English} Consonants",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "338--352",
  year =         "1955",
}

@Article{MillerSel50,
  author =       "George A. Miller and J. A. Selfridge",
  title =        "Verbal context and the recall of meaningful material",
  journal =      "American Journal of Psychology",
  volume =       "63",
  pages =        "176--185",
  year =         "1950",
}

@InCollection{MilMorGra90,
  author =       "Keith K. Millis and David Morgan and Arthur C.
                 Graesser",
  editor =       "Arthur C. Graesser and Gordon H. Bower",
  booktitle =    "Inferences and Text Comprehension",
  title =        "The Influence of Knowledge-Based Inferences on the
                 Reading Time of Expository Text",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  pages =        "197--212",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Book{MinskyPapert69,
  author =       "M. L. Minsky and S. A. Papert",
  title =        "Perceptrons",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1969",
}

@InProceedings{Mirg96,
  author =       "Nikki Mirghafori and Eric Fosler and Nelson Morgan",
  booktitle =    icassp96,
  title =        "Toward Robustness to Fast Speech in {ASR}",
  volume =       "I",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "335--338",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Mirghafori95,
  author =       "Nikki Mirghafori and Eric Fosler and Nelson Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Eurospeech-95",
  title =        "Fast Speakers in Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech
                 Recognition: Analysis \& Antidotes",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{Mit89,
  author =       "Don C. Mitchell",
  title =        "Verb guidance and other lexical effects in parsing",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3/4",
  pages =        "123--154",
  year =         "1989",
}


@InProceedings{Mitamura99,
author="Mitamura",
title="Controlled Language for Multilingual Machine Translation",
booktitle="Proceedings of MT Summit",
year=1999,
url="http://www.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Research/Kant/PDF/MTSummit99.pdf"
}


@InProceedings{Mitamura02,
author="Teruko Mitamura and Eric Nyberg and Enrique Torrejon and Dave Svoboda and Annelen Brunner and Kathryn Baker",
year=2002,
title="Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in KANTOO Multilingual Machine Translation System",
booktitle="Proceedings of TMI",
url="http://www.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Research/Kant/PostScript/tmi02-anaphora-camera.ps"
}

@InProceedings{mitatis,
  author =       "Stephanie Seneff and James Glass and David Goddeau and
                 David Goodine and Lynette Hirschman and Hong Leung and
                 Michael Phillips and Joseph Polifroni and Victor Zue",
  booktitle =    DARPA91,
  title =        "Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the {MIT}
                 {ATIS} System",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Pacific Grove, CA",
  pages =        "88--93",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{MitBry98,
  author =       "Don C. Mitchell and Marc Brysbaert",
  editor =       "Dieter Hillert",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics 31: {S}entence Processing: {A}
                 Crosslinguistic Perspective",
  title =        "Challenges to Recent {TH}eories of Crosslinguistic
                 Variation in Parsing: {E}vidence from {D}utch",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "San Diego, CA",
  pages =        "313--344",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{Mitchell,
  author =       "Tom M. Mitchell",
  editor =       "Bonnie Lynn Webber and Nils J. Nilsson",
  booktitle =    "Readings in Artificial Intelligence",
  title =        "Generalization as Search",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos",
  pages =        "517--542",
  year =         "1981",
}

@article{Mitchell82,
  author =       "Tom M. Mitchell",
  title =        "Generalization as Search",
  journal =    "Artificial Intelligence",
  volume=18,
  issue=2,
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{Mitchell94,
  author =       "Don C. Mitchell",
  editor =       "Morton Ann Gernsbacher",
  booktitle =    "Handbook of Psycholinguistics",
  title =        "Sentence Parsing",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "San Diego, CA",
  pages =        "375--409",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Mitchell95,
  author =       "Don C. Mitchell and Fernando Cuetos and Martin M. B.
                 Corley and Marc Brysbaert",
  title =        "Exposure-Based Models of Human Parsing: {E}vidence for
                 the Use of Coarse-Grained (Nonlexical) Statistical
                 Records",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "469--488",
  year =         "1995",
}

@TechReport{Mitchell:80,
  author =       "Tom M. Mitchell",
  title =        "The Need for Biases in Learning Generalizations",
  number =       "CBM-TR-117",
  institution =  "Computer Science Department, Rutgers University",
  address =      "New Brunswick, N.J.",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{MitHol85,
  author =       "Don C. Mitchell and V. M. Holmes",
  title =        "The role of specific information about the verb in
                 parsing sentences with local structural ambiguity",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "542--559",
  year =         "1985",
}

% begin FrameNet stuff

@Article{Miyake94,
  author =       "Akira Miyake and Patricia A. Carpenter and Marcel Adam
                 Just",
  title =        "A Capacity Approach to Syntactic Comprehension
                 Disorders: {M}aking Normal Adults Perform like Aphasic
                 Patients",
  journal =      "Cognitive Neuropsychology",
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "671--717",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Moeller:aaai98,
  author =       "Jens-Uwe Moeller",
  editor =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Nancy Green",
  booktitle =    "Applying Machine Learning to Discourse Processing.
                 Papers from the 1998 {AAAI} Spring Symposium. {\rm
                 Technical Report SS-98-01}",
  title =        "Using Unsupervised Learning for Engineering Spoken
                 Dialog",
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "Menlo Park, CA",
  pages =        "75--81",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{Moh97,
  author =       "Mehryar Mohri",
  title =        "Finite-State Transducers in Language and Speech
                 Processing",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "269--312",
  year =         "1997",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J97/J97-2003.pdf"
}

@InCollection{Mon73,
  author =       "Richard Montague",
  editor =       "Richmond H. Thomason",
  booktitle =    "Formal Philosophy",
  title =        "The proper treatment of quantifiers in ordinary
                 {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Yale University Press",
  year =         "1973",
}

@InProceedings{Moo95,
  author =       "Robert Moore and Douglas Appelt and John Dowding and
                 J. Mark Gawron and Douglas Moran",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the January 1995 ARPA Spoken Language
                 Systems Technology Workshop",
  title =        "Combining Linguistic and Statistical Knowledge Sources
                 in Natural-Language Processing for {ATIS}",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Austin, TX",
  pages =        "261--264",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Unpublished{moon,
  author =       "Frank Zappa and Moon Unit Zappa",
  title =        "Valley Girl",
  year =         "1982",
  note =         "From Frank Zappa album {\em Ship Arriving Too Late To
                 Save A Drowning Witch}",
}

@Article{MooPol:92,
  author =       "Johanna D. Moore and Martha E. Pollack",
  title =        "A problem for {RST}: The need for multi-level
                 discourse analysis",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "537--544",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Moore,
  author =       "Robert C. Moore",
  booktitle =    ACL89,
  title =        "Unification-Based Semantic Interpretation",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Vancouver, Canada",
  pages =        "33--41",
  month =        {June},
  year =         {1989},
}


@InProceedings{Moore-speed,
  author =       "Robert Moore and John Dowding",
  booktitle =    DARPA91,
  title =        "Efficient Bottom-Up Parsing",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Pacific Grove, CA",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Moore-tc,
  author =       "Robert Moore and Fernando Pereira and Hy Murveit",
  booktitle =    DARPA89,
  title =        "Integrating Speech and Natural-Language Processing",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "243--247",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1989",
}

@InCollection{Moore56,
  author =       "Edward F. Moore",
  editor =       "Claude Shannon and John McCarthy",
  booktitle =    "Automata Studies",
  title =        "Gedanken-Experiments on Sequential Machines",
  publisher =    "Princeton University Press",
  address =      "Princeton, NJ",
  pages =        "129--153",
  year =         "1956",
}

@Book{Moore88,
  author =       "B. C. J. Moore",
  title =        "An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{MorFos98,
  author =       "Nelson Morgan and Eric Fosler",
  booktitle =    icassp98,
  title =        "Combining multiple estimators of speaking rate",
  organization = "IEEE",
  year =         "1998",
}

@TechReport{Morgan90a,
  author =       "N. Morgan and K. Asanovi\'c and B. Kingsbury and J.
                 Wawrzynek",
  title =        "{Developments in Digital {VLSI} design for Artificial
                 Neural Networks}",
  number =       "TR-90-065",
  institution =  icsi,
  year =         "1990",
}

@Book{Morgan90b,
  editor =       "N. Morgan",
  title =        "{Artificial Neural Networks: Electronic
                 Implementations}",
  publisher =    "Computer Society Press of the IEEE",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  year =         "1990",
  series =       "Computer Society Press Technology Series",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan90c,
  author =       "N. Morgan and C. Wooters and H. Bourlard and M.
                 Cohen",
  booktitle =    icslp90,
  title =        "Continuous Speech Recognition on the Resource
                 Management Database Using Connectionist Probability
                 Estimation",
  organization = "Acoustical Society of Japan",
  address =      "Kobe, Japan",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
}

@TechReport{Morgan90d,
  author =       "N. Morgan and H. Hermansky and C. Wooters",
  title =        "{SPOONS} '90: The {SP}eech recOgnition frOnt eNd
                 workShop",
  number =       "TR-90-045",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan90e,
  author =       "N. Morgan and H. Bourlard",
  booktitle =    icassp90,
  title =        "Continuous speech recognition using {Multilayer
                 Perceptrons} with {Hidden Markov} models",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA",
  pages =        "413--416",
  year =         "1990",
  abstract =     "Recognition results for no hidden units, sparse binary
                 input network",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan90f,
  author =       "N. Morgan and J. Beck and E. Allman and J. Beer",
  booktitle =    "Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, \& Signal
                 Processing",
  title =        "{RAP: A Ring Array Processor for Multilayer Perceptron
                 Applications}",
  address =      "Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA",
  pages =        "1005--1008",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan91a,
  author =       "Nelson Morgan and Chuck Wooters and Hynek Hermansky",
  editor =       "Candace A. Kamm and B. H. Juang and S. Y. Kung",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for
                 Signal Processing",
  title =        "Experiments With Temporal Resolution For Continuous
                 Speech Recognition With Multi-Layer Perceptrons",
  organization = "IEEE",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan91b,
  author =       "N. Morgan and H. Bourlard and C. Wooters and P. Kohn
                 and M Cohen",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-91",
  title =        "Phonetic Context in Hybrid {HMM}/{MLP} Continuous
                 Speech Recognition",
  address =      "Genova, Italy",
  pages =        "109--112",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan91c,
  author =       "N. Morgan and H. Hermansky and H. Bourlard and P. Kohn
                 and C. Wooters",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "Phonetically-based Speaker Independent Continuous
                 Speech Recognition using {PLP} Analysis with Multilayer
                 perceptrons",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Toronto, Canada",
  pages =        "49--52",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Morgan92a,
  author =       "N. Morgan",
  title =        "The Ring Array Processor ({RAP}): {A} Multiprocessing
                 Peripheral for Connectionist Applications",
  journal =      "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "248--259",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{Morgan92b,
  author =       "N. Morgan and J. Beck and P. Kohn and J. Bilmes",
  editor =       "K. W. Przytula and V. K. Prasanna",
  booktitle =    "Digital Parallel Implementations of Neural Networks",
  title =        "{Neurocomputing on the RAP}",
  publisher =    "Prentice Hall",
  year =         "1992",
  note =         "In Press",
}

@InProceedings{Morgan97,
  author =       "Nelson Morgan and Eric Fosler and Nikki Mirghafori",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-97",
  title =        "Speech recognition using on-line estimation of
                 speaking rate",
  address =      "Rhodes, Greece",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Book{Morganbook,
  author =       "H. Bourlard and N. Morgan",
  title =        "Connectionist Speech Recognition: {A} Hybrid
                 Approach",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Press",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{MorganEtAl:97,
  author =       "Nelson Morgan and Eric Fosler and Nikki Mirghafori",
  booktitle =    eurospeech97,
  title =        "Speech Recognition Using On-line Estimation of
                 Speaking Rate",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "2079--2082",
  year =         "1997",
  URL =          "http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/\~fosler/papers/enrate.euro97.ps.Z",
}

@InProceedings{MorganFosler:98,
  author =       "N. Morgan and E. Fosler-Lussier",
  booktitle =    icassp98,
  title =        "Combining Multiple Estimators of Speaking Rate",
  volume =       "2",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "729--732",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{Morton69,
  author =       "J. Morton",
  title =        "Interaction of Information in Word Recognition",
  journal =      "Psychological Review",
  volume =       "76",
  pages =        "165--178",
  year =         "1969",
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@InCollection{Morton70,
  author =       "J. Morton",
  editor =       "Donald A. Norman",
  booktitle =    "Models of human memory",
  title =        "A Functional Model of Human Memory",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1970",
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@InCollection{Morton79,
  author =       "J. Morton",
  editor =       "P. A. Kolers and M. E. Wrolstad and M. Bouma",
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  title =        "Facilitation in Word Recognition: Experiments Causing
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  publisher =    "Plenum",
  year =         "1979",
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@unpublished{Morton-proposal02,
  author="Thomas Morton",
  title="Using semantic relations to improve information retrieval",
  year=2002,
  note="Dissertation proposal, University of Pennsylvania"
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@PhdThesis{Moshier,
  author =       "M. Andrew Moshier",
  title =        "Extensions to Unification Grammar for the Description
                 of Programming Languages",
  school =       "University of Michigan",
  address =      "Ann Arbor, MI",
  year =         "1988",
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@Book{Mosteller,
  author =       "Frederick Mosteller and David L. Wallace",
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  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1964",
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@Misc{Mostow99,
  author =       "J. Mostow and G. Aist",
  title =        "Reading and Pronunciation Tutor",
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  note =         "{U.S.} {P}atent 5,920,838",
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@Book{Moulton62,
  author =       "W. G. Moulton",
  title =        "Sounds of {E}nglish and {G}erman",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  year =         "1962",
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@InProceedings{Mozer,
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  editor =       "G. Tesauro and D. S. Touretzky and J. Alspector",
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  year =         "1995",
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@Article{MPNeuron,
  author =       "W. S. McCulloch and W. Pitts",
  title =        "A Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous
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@InProceedings{MPRZ99,
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@InProceedings{Muller:02,
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@Article{Mueller63,
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@Article{MuellerEtal62,
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@article{munteanu05,
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@Article{Mur90,
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@INPROCEEDINGS{Murphy-uai99,
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@InProceedings{Mur93,
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@Article{Murata89,
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@InProceedings{Murveit91,
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@InProceedings{MuthCole92,
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@InProceedings{MuthusamyEtal90,
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  year =         "1990",
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@Article{Nadas84,
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@InProceedings{Nagata:92,
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@Incollection{Nagao84,
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@Article{NagMor94,
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@InCollection{Nakajima:97,
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  booktitle =    "Computing Prosody: Computational Models for Processing
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  title =        "Prosodic features of utterances in task-oriented
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  publisher =    "Springer",
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@Article{NakajimaAllen:93,
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  year =         "1993",
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@InProceedings{Nakatani93,
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  year =         "1993",
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@InProceedings{naradowsky-toutanova-acl2011,
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@PhdThesis{Narayanan97a,
  author =       "Srini Narayanan",
  title =        "Knowledge-based Action Representations for Metaphor
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  year =         "1997",
  department =   "EECS",
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@InProceedings{Narayanan97b,
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@InCollection{NarJur01,
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  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
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@InProceedings{NarJur98,
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  year =         "1998",
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@InCollection{Neal98,
  author =       "R. M. Neal and G. E. Hinton",
  editor =       "M. I. Jordan",
  booktitle =    "Learning in Graphical Models",
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  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
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  year =         "1998",
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@Misc{Nearey78,
  author =       "T. Nearey",
  title =        "Phonetic Feature Systems for Vowels",
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  address =      "Bloomington, IN",
  year =         "1978",
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@Article{NeareyAssmann86,
  author =       "T. Nearey and P. Assmann",
  title =        "Modeling the Role of Inherent Spectral Change in Vowel
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  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "80",
  pages =        "1297--1308",
  year =         "1986",
}


@article{Nederhof03,
  author =       "M.-J. Nederhof",
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  volume =       "29", 
  number = 1, 
  year =         "2003",
  pages="135-144",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J03/J03-1006.pdf"
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@article{NederhofSatta-ic04,
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@Article{Needleman,
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@Article{NeiHilCoo88,
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  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{Neill89,
  author =       "W. Trammell Neill",
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  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
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}

@Book{NesporVogel86,
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@InProceedings{Nesson-acl08,
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}

@article{nesson-cl10,
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 volume=36,
 number=3, 
 pages="443-480",
 year=2010,
}


@InCollection{Neu1980,
  author =       "Helene Neu",
  editor =       "William Labov",
  booktitle =    "Locating Language in Time and Space",
  title =        "Ranking of constraints on /t,d/ deletion in {A}merican
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  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "37--54",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{neubig-acl11,
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  title     = {An Unsupervised Model for Joint Phrase Alignment and Extraction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  year      = {2011},
  address   = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
  pages     = {632--641},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1064}
}

@InProceedings{NeuWei:94,
  author =       "Leonardo Neumeyer and Mitch Weintraub",
  booktitle =    "ARPA HLT Workshop",
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  address =      "Plainsboro, NJ",
  pages =        "336--341",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{NeuWei:95,
  author =       "Leonardo Neumeyer and Mitch Weintraub",
  booktitle =    icassp95,
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  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Detroit",
  pages =        "141--144",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Book{New44,
  author =       "Stanley Newman",
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@Article{Newell98,
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  volume =       "4",
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  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{Ney84,
  author =       "Hermann Ney",
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  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
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  volume =       "ASSP-32",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "263--271",
  year =         "1984",
  note =         "Also appeared in {\em Readings in Speech Recognition},
                 edited by Alex Waibel and Kai-Fu Lee, Morgan Kaufmann
                 1990",
}

@Article{Ney91,
  author =       "Hermann Ney",
  title =        "Dynamic Programming Parsing for Context-Free Grammars
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  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing",
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  number =       "2",
  pages =        "336--340",
  year =         "1991",
  annote =       "A probabilistic extension of CYK parser, fitted in
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@InProceedings{Ney92,
  author =       "H. Ney and R. Haeb-Umbach and B.-H. Tran and M.
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  booktitle =    icassp92,
  title =        "Improvements in Beam Search for 10000-Word Continuous
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  organization = "IEEE",
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  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Ney94,
  author =       "H. Ney and U. Essen and R. Kneser",
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                 Stochastic Language Modelling",
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  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Ng,
  author =       "Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney",
  booktitle =    AAAI90,
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  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Boston, MA",
  pages =        "337--342",
  year =         "1990",
}


@InProceedings{Ng-emnlp03,
author="Vincent Ng and Claire Cardie",
year=2003,
title="Bootstrapping Coreference Classifiers with Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms",
booktitle=EMNLP03,
pages={113--120}
}


@InProceedings{Ng-naacl03, 
author="Vincent Ng and Claire Cardie",
year=2003,
title="Weakly Supervised Natural Language Learning Without Redundant Views",
booktitle=NAACL03,
pages="173--180"
}


@InProceedings{ngai-acl99,
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 year=2001 
}

@InProceedings{Ngu99,
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}

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@Article{Nielsen92,
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@ARTICLE{Nielsen05,
author = {L.R. Nielsen and K.A. Andersen and D. Pretolani},
title = {Finding the $K$ Shortest Hyperpaths},
year = {2005},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
journal = {Computers and Operations Research},
pages = {1477–1497},
doi = {10.1016/j.cor.2003.11.014},
abstract = {The K shortest paths problem has been extensively studied for many years. Efficient methods have been devised, and many practical applications are known. Shortest hyperpath models have been proposed for several problems in different areas, for example in relation with routing in dynamic networks. However, the K shortest hyperpaths problem has not yet been investigated. \par In this paper we present procedures for finding the K shortest hyperpaths in a directed hypergraph. This is done by extending existing algorithms for K shortest loopless paths. Computational experiments on the proposed procedures are performed, and applications in transportation, planning and combinatorial optimization are discussed.},
}


@InProceedings{NieWoo96,
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@InProceedings{NieWoo97,
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@InProceedings{Nigam:00,
author="Kamal Nigam and Rayid Ghani",
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@Book{Nil80,
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@InProceedings{Niles91,
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@book{Nirenburg92,
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@InProceedings{nivre,
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@Book{Noeth:91,
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@Article{Nor91,
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  year =         "1991",
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@InProceedings{NorLak87,
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  booktitle =    BLS87,
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  year =         "1987",
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@PhdThesis{Norvig-thesis,
  author =       "Peter Norvig",
  title =        "A Unified Theory of Inference for Text Understanding",
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  year =         "1987",
  note =         "Available as University of California at Berkeley
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}

@InProceedings{Norvig86,
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@InProceedings{Norvig88,
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  pages =        "188--201",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{Norvig91,
  author =       "Peter Norvig",
  title =        "Techniques for Automatic Memoization with Applications
                 to Context-Free Parsing",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "91--98",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{Norvig92,
  author =       "Peter Norvig",
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  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{NorWil90,
  author =       "Peter Norvig and Robert Wilensky",
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  year =         "1990",
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@Book{Nunberg,
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  year =         "1978",
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@Unpublished{Odell,
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@Article{OdenMassaro78,
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@Article{OdeSpi83,
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@incollection{Odlyzko95,
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 pages="1063--1229"
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@Article{A:Bou05,
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@TechReport{odonnell09,
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  title =        {Fragment grammar: {E}xploring reuse in hierarchical generative processes},
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  year =         2009
}

@Book{Oehrle88,
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  year =         "1988",
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@InProceedings{Oflazer93,
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@Article{ogburn,
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  pages =        "83--98",
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}

@article{Ogden68,
  author    = {William F. Ogden},
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  number    = {3},
  year      = {1968},
  pages     = {191-194},
  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01694004},
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}


@Article{Oldfield,
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  year =         "1965",
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@Article{Oldfield66,
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  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "340--353",
  year =         "1966",
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@Article{Oncina93,
  author =       "Jos\'{e} Oncina and Pedro Garc\'{\i}a and Enrique
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@Book{OppenheimSchafer,
  author =       "A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer",
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@Article{oppstock68,
  author =       "A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer and T. G. Jr.
                 Stockham",
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  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1264--1291",
  year =         "1968",
}

@InProceedings{Orasan,
  author =       "Constantin Orasan",
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  year =         "2000",
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@Unpublished{Orgun94,
  author =       "Orhan Orgun",
  title =        "Containment: Why and why not.",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "Unpublished manuscript, U. of California-Berkeley,
                 Department of Linguistics",
}

@Unpublished{Orgun95,
  author =       "Orhan Orgun and Jean-Pierre Koenig and Daniel
                 Jurafsky",
  title =        "Constraint-Based Morphology",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "submitted to {\em NELS-95}",
}

@Unpublished{Orgun95a,
  author =       "Orhan Orgun",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Unpublished manuscript, U. of California-Berkeley,
                 Department of Linguistics",
  title =        "A declarative theory of phonology-morphology
                 interleaving",
}

@InProceedings{Orgun96,
  author =       "Orhan Orgun",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 14th West Coast Conference on
                 Formal Linguistics (WCCFL-95)",
  title =        "Correspondence and identity constraints in two-level
                 Optimality Theory",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{OShaughnessy92,
  author =       "Douglas O'Shaughnessy",
  booktitle =    icassp92,
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  volume =       "I",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "593--596",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{OshikaEtal75,
  author =       "Beatrice Oshika and Victor Zue and Rollin Weeks and
                 Helene Neu and Joseph Aurbach",
  title =        "The Role of Phonological Rules in Speech Understanding
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  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
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  number =       "1",
  pages =        "104--112",
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  year =         "1975",
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@Article{ostendorf:94,
  author =       "M. Ostendorf and N. Veilleux",
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  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
}

@InCollection{OstendorfRoss:97,
  author =       "M. Ostendorf and K. Ross",
  editor =       "Yoshinori Sagisaka and Nick Campbell and Norio
                 Higuchi",
  booktitle =    "Computing Prosody: Computational Models for Processing
                 Spontaneous Speech",
  title =        "Multi-level recognition of intonation labels",
  chapter =      "19",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "291--308",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{OstSwi89,
  author =       "Lee Osterhout and David A. Swinney",
  title =        "On the Role of the Simplicity Heuristic in Language
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  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "553--562",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{OstVei:94,
  author =       "M. Ostendorf and N. Veilleux",
  title =        "A Hierarchical Stochastic Model for Automatic
                 Prediction of Prosodic Boundary Location",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--54",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Oviatt93,
  author =       "Sharon Oviatt and Philip R. Cohen and Michelle Q. Wang
                 and Jeremy Gaston",
  booktitle =    DARPA93,
  title =        "A Simulation-Based Research Strategy for Designing
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  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Princeton, NJ",
  pages =        "370--375",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Oviatt98,
  author =       "Sharon Oviatt and Margaret MacEachern and Gina-Anne
                 Levow",
  title =        "Predicting hyperarticulate speech during
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  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "87--110",
  year =         "1998",
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@InProceedings{Packard73,
  author =       "David W. Packard",
  editor =       "Antonio Zampolli and N. Calzolari",
  booktitle =    "Computational and Mathematical Linguistics:
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  title =        "Computer-assisted morphological analysis of ancient
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  publisher =    "Leo S. Olschki",
  address =      "Pisa",
  pages =        "343--355",
  year =         "1973",
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@InCollection{Padgett95a,
  author =       "Jaye Padgett",
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  title =        "Feature Classes",
  publisher =    "GLSA",
  address =      "UMass, Amherst",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "University of Massachusetts Occasional Paers (UMOP)
                 18",
}

@Unpublished{Padgett95b,
  author =       "Jaye Padgett",
  title =        "Partial Class Behavior and Nasal Place Assimilation",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "to appear in {\em Proceedings of the Arizona Phonology
                 Conference: Workshop on Features in Optimality Theory},
                 Coyote Working Papers, University of Arizona, Tucson",
}

@TechReport{page,
  author =       "Hans-Ulrich Krieger and U. Sch{\"a}fer",
  title =        "{TDL} --- {A} Type Description Language for {HPSG}.
                 {P}art 1: Overview",
  number =       "RR-94-37",
  institution =  "DFKI",
  address =      "Saarbr{\"u}cken",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Pallett93,
  author =       "D. S. Pallett and J. G. Fiscus and W. M. Fisher and J.
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  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the March 1994 ARPA Spoken Language
                 Systems Technology Workshop",
  title =        "1993 {WSJ}-{CSR} Benchmark Test Results",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{palmer93,
  author = 	 "Palmer, M. and Weir, C. and Passonneau, R. and Finin, T.",
  title = 	 "The Kernel Text Understanding System",
  journal =	 "Artificial Intelligence",
  year =	 1993,
  volume =	 63,
  pages =	 "17-68",
  month =	 "October",
  note =	 "Special Issue on Text Understanding"
}

@Article{palmer97adaptive,
  author =       "David D. Palmer and Marti A. Hearst",
  title =        "Adaptive Multilingual Sentence Boundary
                 Disambiguation",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "241--267",
  year =         "1997",
  URL =          "citeseer.nj.nec.com/palmer97adaptive.html",
}

@Article{PalmerFinin90,
  author =       "Martha Palmer and Tim Finin",
  title =        "Workshop on the Evaluation of Natural Language
                 Processing Systems",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "175--181",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Pan00,
  author =       "Shimei Pan and Julia Hirschberg",
  booktitle =    ACL00,
  title =        "Modeling Local Context for Pitch Accent Prediction",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Hong Kong",
  pages =        "233--240",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Pang-naacl03,
 author="Bo Pang and Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu",
 title="Syntax-based Alignment of Multiple Translations: Extracting Paraphrases and Generating New Sentences",
 booktitle=NAACL03,
 year=2003,
}

@Book{Panini1,
  author =       "Vidya Niwas Misra",
  title =        "The Descriptive Technique of Panini",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1966",
}

@Article{Panini2,
  author =       "Rosane Rocher",
  title =        "``{Agent}'' et ``{Objet}'' Chez {Panini}",
  journal =      "Journal of the American Oriental Society",
  volume =       "84",
  pages =        "44--54",
  year =         "1964",
}

@Book{Panini3,
  author =       "Yajan Veer Dahiya",
  title =        "Panini as a linguist: Ideas and Patterns",
  publisher =    "Eastern Book Linkers",
  address =      "Delhi, India",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{ Papineni-02,
  author = "Kishore Papineni and Salim Roukos and Todd Ward and {Wei-Jing} Zhu",
  title = "{BLEU}: {A} method for automatic evaluation of machine translation",
  booktitle =    ACL02,
  year = 2002,
  url = "http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P02/P02-1040.pdf" }

@InProceedings{paradise,
  author =       "Marilyn A. Walker and Diane J. Litman and Candace A.
                 Kamm and Alicia Abella",
  booktitle =    ACL97,
  title =        "{PARADISE}: {A} Framework for Evaluating Spoken
                 Dialogue Agents",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Madrid, Spain",
  pages =        "271--280",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{park-clitp04,
 author		= {Park, {Seong-Bae} and Chang, {Jeong-Ho} and Zhang, {Byoung-Tak}},
 title		= {Korean Compound Noun Decomposition Using Syllabic Information Only},
 booktitle	= {Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing (CICLing)},
 year		= {2004},
 pages		= {146--157}  
}

@Article{ParkerDiehl84,
  author =       "E. M. Parker and R. L. Diehl",
  title =        "Identifying Vowels in {CVC} syllables: Effects of
                 Inserting Silence and Noise",
  journal =      "Perception and Psychophysics",
  volume =       "36",
  pages =        "369--380",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{parry,
  author =       "Kenneth Mark Colby and Sylvia Weber and Franklin
                 Dennis Hilf",
  title =        "Artificial Paranoia",
  journal =      AIJ,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--25",
  year =         "1971",
}

@Book{Parsons,
  author =       "T. Parsons",
  title =        "Voice and Speech Processing",
  publisher =    "McGraw-Hill Book Company",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Book{Partee90,
  author =       "Barbara H. Partee and Alice ter Meulen and Robert E.
                 Wall",
  title =        "Mathematical Methods in Linguistics",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{PasLit93,
  author =       "Rebecca Passonneau and Diane J. Litman",
  booktitle =    ACL93,
  title =        "Intention-based Segmentation: {H}uman Reliability and
                 Correlation with Linguistic Cues",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Columbus, Ohio",
  pages =        "148--155",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{Patterson1987,
  author =       "Roy D. Patterson",
  title =        "A Pulse Ribbon Model of Monaural Phase Perception",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "82(5)",
  pages =        "1560--1586",
  year =         "1987",
  annotate =     "An auditory model consisting of five stages. The first
                 two stages are designed to simulate the operation of
                 the cochlea. The final three stages transform this
                 initial pulse ribbon into new forms characterizing
                 phase, pitch and timbre perception. The purpose for
                 developing this model was to explain the effects of
                 Local and Global phase changes. Patterson used this
                 model to show that these effects can be explained in
                 terms of the features which show up in the pulse
                 streams produced by this model.",
}

@Article{Paul2000,
  author =       "Paul Taylor",
  title =        "Analysis and Synthesis of Intonation using the {T}ilt
                 Model",
  journal =      JASA,
  year =         "2000",
  note =         "To appear",
}

@InProceedings{Paul91,
  author =       "Douglas B. Paul",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "Algorithms for an Optimal {A$^\ast$} Search and
                 Linearizing the Search in the Stack Decoder",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "693--696",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{pauls-denero-klein:2009:EMNLP,
  author    = {Pauls, Adam  and  Denero, John  and  Klein, Dan},
  title     = {Consensus Training for Consensus Decoding in Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {August},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Singapore},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {1418--1427},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D09/D09-1147}
}

@InProceedings{PaulMartin88,
  author =       "D. B. Paul and E. A. Martin",
  booktitle =    icassp88,
  title =        "Speaker Stress-Resistant Continuous Speech
                 Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "283--286",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{PDP,
  editor =       "D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland",
  title =        "Parallel Distributed Processing",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Book{Pea84,
  author =       "Judea Pearl",
  title =        "Heuristics",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InProceedings{PeaMac92,
  author =       "Neal J. Pearlmutter and Maryellen C. MacDonald",
  booktitle =    cogsci:92,
  title =        "Plausibility and Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution",
  pages =        "498--503",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{PeaMacdra,
  author =       "Neal J. Pearlmutter and Maryellen C. MacDonald",
  booktitle =    cogsci:92,
  title =        "Plausibility Effects in Syntactic Ambiguity
                 Resolution",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Book{Pearl:88,
  author =       "Judea Pearl",
  title =        "Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems:
                 Networks of Plausible Inference",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufman",
  address =      "San Mateo, Ca.",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Pearlmutter94,
  author =       "Neal Pearlmutter and K. Daugherty and Maryellen
                 MacDonald and Mark Seidenberg",
  booktitle =    cogsci:94,
  title =        "Modeling the use of frequency and contextual biases in
                 sentence processing",
  address =      "Atlanta, GA",
  pages = "699--704",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{PellomWard00,
  author =       "B. Pellom and W. Ward",
  booktitle =    icslp00,
  title =        "The {CU} {C}ommunicator: {A}n Architecture for
                 Dialogue Systems",
  address =      "Beijing, China",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Article{PerAll80,
  author =       "C. Raymond Perrault and James Allen",
  title =        "A plan-based analysis of indirect speech acts",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3-4",
  pages =        "167--182",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InCollection{percival,
  author =       "W. Keith Percival",
  editor =       "James D. McCawley",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics Volume 7, {N}otes from the
                 Linguistic Underground",
  title =        "On the Historical Source of Immediate Constituent
                 Analysis",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "229--242",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InCollection{Pereira,
  author =       "Fernando C. N. Pereira",
  editor =       "David R. Dowty and Lauri Karttunen and Arnold Zwicky",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Parsing",
  title =        "Characterization of attachment preferences",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "307--319",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{Pereira93,
  author =       "Fernando Pereira and Naftali Tishby and Lillian Lee",
  booktitle =    ACL93,
  title =        "Distributional Clustering of {English} Words",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Columbus, Ohio",
  pages =        "183--190",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{Pereira94,
  author =       "Fernando Pereira and Michael D. Riley and Richard
                 Sproat",
  booktitle =    "ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop",
  title =        "Weighted Rational Transductions and their Applications
                 to Human Language Processing",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "Plainsboro, NJ",
  pages =        "262--267",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Pereira:87,
  author =       "Fernando C. N. Pereira and Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis",
  number =       "10",
  publisher =    "Center for the Study of Language and Information",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  year =         "1987",
  series =       "CSLI Lecture Notes Series",
}

@InCollection{Perfetti90,
  author =       "Charles A. Perfetti",
  editor =       "D. A. Balota and G. B. {Flores d'Arcais} and K.
                 Rayner",
  booktitle =    "Comprehension Processes in Reading",
  title =        "The Cooperative Language Processors: {S}emantic
                 Influences in an Autonomous Syntax",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "New Jersey",
  pages =        "205--230",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{PerPol91,
  author =       "Fernando C. N. Pereira and Martha E. Pollack",
  title =        "Incremental Interpretation",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "37--82",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{PerShi84,
  author =       "Fernando Pereira and Stuart M. Shieber",
  booktitle =    COLING84,
  title =        "The Semantics of Grammar Formalisms Seen as Computer
                 Languages",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  pages =        "123--129",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Book{PerShi87,
  author =       "Fernando C. N. Pereira and Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis",
  volume =       "10",
  publisher =    "Chicago University Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1987",
  series =       "CSLI Lecture Notes",
}

@Article{PerWar80,
  author =       "Fernando C. N. Pereira and David H. D. Warren",
  title =        "Definite clause grammars for language analysis--- a
                 survey of the formalism and a comparison with augmented
                 transition networks",
  journal =      "Artificial Intelligence",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "231--278",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InCollection{PerWri97,
  author =       "Fernando Pereira and Rebecca N. Wright",
  editor =       "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
  booktitle =    "Finite-State Language Processing",
  title =        "Finite-state approximation of phrase-structure
                 grammars",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "149--174",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{PeskinEtAl:96,
  author =       "Barbara Peskin and Sean Connolly and Larry Gillick and
                 Stephen Lowe and Don McAllaster and Venki Nagesha and
                 Paul van Mulbregt and Steven Wegmann",
  booktitle =    icassp96,
  title =        "Improvements in {Switchboard} Recognition and Topic
                 Identification",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "303--306",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{Peterson86,
  author =       "James L. Peterson",
  title =        "A note on undetected typing errors",
  journal =      CACM,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "633--637",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1986",
}

@InCollection{PetKut88,
  author =       "Cyma van Petten and Marta Kutas",
  editor =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Lexical ambiguity resolution: {P}erspectives from
                 psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial
                 intelligence",
  title =        "Tracking the time course of meaning activation",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{petrov-EtAl:2006:COLACL,
  author    = {Petrov, Slav  and  Barrett, Leon  and  Thibaux, Romain  and  Klein, Dan},
  title     = {Learning Accurate, Compact, and Interpretable Tree Annotation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {July},
  year      = 2006,
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {433--440},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P06/P06-1055}
}

@InProceedings{petrov-klein:2007,
  author    = {Petrov, Slav  and  Klein, Dan},
  title     = {Improved Inference for Unlexicalized Parsing},
  booktitle = {Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Proceedings of the Main Conference},   
  month     = {April},
  year      = 2007,
  pages     = {404--411},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N/N07/N07-1051}
}

@InProceedings{PhiHen82,
  author =       "Brian Phillips and James A. Hendler",
  booktitle =    COLING82,
  title =        "A Message-Passing Control Structure for Text
                 Understanding",
  publisher =    "North-Holland",
  pages =        "307--312",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Phillips84,
  author =       "Betty S. Phillips",
  title =        "Word Frequency and the Actuation of Sound Change",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "320--342",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InProceedings{Phillips87,
  author =       "M. Phillips",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of
                 Phonetic Sciences",
  title =        "Speaker Independent Classification of Vowels and
                 Diphthongs in Continuous Speech",
  address =      "Estonia, USSR",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{Phillips91,
  author =       "Michael Phillips and James Glass and Victor Zue",
  booktitle =    DARPA91,
  title =        "Modelling Context Dependency in Acoustic-Phonetic and
                 Lexical Representations",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Pacific Grove, CA",
  pages =        "71--76",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Pickering,
  author =       "Martin Pickering and Guy Barry",
  title =        "Sentence Processing without Empty Categories",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "229--259",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Pickering00,
  author =       "Martin J. Pickering and Matthew J. Traxler and Matthew
                 W. Crocker",
  title =        "Ambiguity Resolution in Sentence Processing:
                 {E}vidence against Frequency-Based Accounts",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "43",
  pages =        "447--475",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Article{PickettPollack63,
  author =       "J. M. Pickett and I. Pollack",
  title =        "Intelligibility of Excerpts from Fluent Speech:
                 Effects of Rate of Utterance and Duration of Excerpt",
  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "151--164",
  year =         "1963",
}

@Book{Pickles,
  author =       "J. O. Pickles",
  title =        "An Introduction to the Physiology of Hearing",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Picone,
  author =       "Joe Picone",
  title =        "Signal Modeling Techniques in Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1215--1247",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{PieHir:90,
  author =       "J. Pierrehumbert and J. Hirschberg",
  editor =       "P. R. Cohen and J. Morgan and M. Pollack",
  booktitle =    "Intentions in Communication",
  title =        "The meaning of intonational contours in the
                 interpretation of discourse",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "271--311",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{PieracciniLevin91,
  author =       "Roberto Pierracini and Esther Levin",
  booktitle =    "Proc. EUROSPEECH 91",
  title =        "Stochastic Representation of Semantic Structure for
                 Speech Understanding",
  address =      "Genoa, Italy",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{PieracciniLevin92,
  author =       "Roberto Pierracini and Esther Levin",
  booktitle =    "New Advances & Trends in Speech Recognition and
                 Coding",
  title =        "A learning approach to natural language
                 understanding",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Bubion (Granada), Spain",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{Pierrehumbert00,
  author =       "Janet B. Pierrehumbert",
  editor =       "Joan Bybee and Paul Hopper",
  booktitle =    "Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure",
  title =        "Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and
                 contrast",
  publisher =    "Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "2001b",
  note =         "To appear",
}

@PhdThesis{pierrethesis,
  author =       "Janet Pierrehumbert",
  title =        "The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation",
  school =       "MIT",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Article{Pietra97,
  author =       "Stephen Della Pietra and Vincent Della Pietra and John
                 Lafferty",
  title =        "Inducing Features of Random Fields",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "380--393",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{pietra97a,
  author =       "S. {Della Pietra} and V. {Della Pietra} and J. D.
                 Lafferty",
  title =        "Inducing Features of Random Fields",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "380--393",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1997",
}

@Book{Pinker89,
  author =       "Steven Pinker",
  title =        "Learnability and Cognition: {T}he acquisition of
                 argument structure",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Book{Pinker:84,
  author =       "Steven Pinker",
  title =        "Language Learnability and Language Development",
  publisher =    "Harvard University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, Mass.",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{PinkerPrince,
  author =       "Steven Pinker and Alan Prince",
  title =        "On language and connectionism: {A}nalysis of a
                 {P}arallel {D}istributed {P}rocessing model of language
                 acquisition",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "73--193",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{PisoniLuce87,
  author =       "D. B. Pisoni and P. A. Luce",
  title =        "Acoustic-Phonetic Representations in Word
                 Recognition",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "21--52",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{pitman-yor-annprobab1997,
    author = {Jim Pitman and Marc Yor},
    title = {The two-parameter Poisson-Dirichlet distribution derived from a stable subordinator.},
    journal = {Annals of Probability},
    volume = {25},
    number = {2},
    pages = {855--900},
    year = {1997}
}

@InProceedings{PitrelliEtAl:94,
  author =       "John Pitrelli and Mary E. Beckman and Julia
                 Hirschberg",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
  title =        "Evaluation of prosodic transcription labeling
                 reliability in the {ToBI} framework",
  volume =       "2",
  address =      "Yokohama",
  pages =        "123--126",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Placeway93,
  author =       "Paul Placeway and Richard Schwartz and Pascale Fung
                 and Long Nguyen",
  booktitle =    icassp93,
  title =        "The estimation of powerful language models from small
                 and large corpora",
  volume =       "2",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "33--36",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{PlaucheShriberg,
  author =       "Madeleine Plauch\'{e} and Elizabeth Shriberg",
  booktitle =    "Proc. International Congress of Phonetic Sciences
                 (ICPhS-99)",
  title =        "Data-Driven Subclassification of Disfluent Repetitions
                 Based on Prosodic Features",
  volume =       "2",
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "1513--1516",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{Plum95,
  author =       "Ralph Weischedel",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding
                 Conference (MUC-6)",
  title =        "{BBN}: {D}escription of the {PLUM} System as Used for
                 {MUC-6}",
  publisher =    MK,
  address =      "San Francisco",
  pages =        "55--70",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{PlunkMarch91,
  author =       "Kim Plunkett and Virginia Marchman",
  title =        "{U}-shaped learning and frequency effects in a
                 multi-layered perceptron: {I}mplications for child
                 language acquisition",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "43--102",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Pol92,
  author =       "Joseph Polifroni and Lynette Hirschman and Stephanie
                 Seneff and Victor Zue",
  booktitle =    DARPA92,
  title =        "Experiments in Evaluating Interactive Spoken Language
                 Systems",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Harriman, New York",
  pages =        "28--33",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{PolMos90,
  author =       "Carl Pollard and M. Andrew Moshier",
  editor =       "Philip P. Hanson",
  booktitle =    "Information, Language, and Cognition",
  title =        "Unifying Partial Descriptions of Sets",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia Press",
  address =      "Vancouver",
  pages =        "285--322",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InCollection{polyadicity,
  author =       "Joan Bresnan",
  editor =       "Joan Bresnan",
  booktitle =    "The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations",
  title =        "Polyadicity",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "149--172",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{pol_ic90,
  author =       "Martha E. Pollack",
  editor =       "Philip R. Cohen and Jerry Morgan and Martha E.
                 Pollack",
  booktitle =    "Intentions in Communication",
  title =        "Plans as Complex Mental Attitudes",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  pages =        "77--104",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Porter:80,
  author =       "M. F. Porter",
  title =        "An algorithm for suffix stripping",
  journal =      "Program",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "130--127",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Unpublished{posh,
  author =       "Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel and Mari Ostendorf",
  title =        "{POSH} Labeling Guide -- Version 1.0",
  year =         "1999",
  note =         "Unpublished draft",
}

@Article{PotFau79,
  author =       "Mary C. Potter and Barbara A. Faulconer",
  title =        "Understanding Noun Phrases",
  journal =      JVLVB,
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "509--521",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Article{Power79,
  author =       "R. Power",
  title =        "The organization of purposeful dialogs",
  journal =      "Linguistics",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "105--152",
  year =         "1979",
}

@incollection{Pradhan03,
author="S. Pradhan and K. Hacioglu and W. Ward and J. Martin and D. Jurafsky",
title="Semantic Role Parsing: Adding Semantic Structure to Unstructured Text",
booktitle="Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM-2003)", 
address="Melbourne, FL", 
year=2003
}

@article{Pradhanml05,
        author = "Sameer Pradhan and Kadri Hacioglu and Valerie Krugler and Wayne Ward and James H. Martin and Daniel Jurafsky",
        title = "{Support Vector Learning for Semantic Argument Classification}",
        journal = "Machine Learning",
        year = 2005,
        volume = 60,
        number = 1,
        pages = "11-39",
        url = "http://cemantix.org/papers/pradhan-mlj-2005.pdf"
  }

@InProceedings{pradhan-acl05,
 title="Semantic Role Labeling Using Different Syntactic Views",
 author="Sameer Pradhan and Wayne Ward and Kadri Hacioglu and James H. Martin and Daniel Jurafsky",
 booktitle=ACL05,
 year=2005
}

@InCollection{PraSwi88,
  author =       "P. A. Prather and David A. Swinney",
  editor =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Lexical ambiguity resolution: Perspectives from
                 psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial
                 intelligence",
  title =        "Lexical processing and ambiguity resolution: {A}n
                 autonomous process in an interactive box",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  pages =        "289--310",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Pri88,
  author =       "P. Price and W. Fisher and J. Bernstein and D.
                 Pallet",
  booktitle =    icassp88,
  title =        "The {DARPA} 1000-Word Resource Management Database for
                 Continuous Speech Recognition",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "651--654",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Price1988,
  author =       "P. Price and W. Fisher and J. Bernstein and D.
                 Pallet",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Intl.\ Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing",
  title =        "The {DARPA} 1000-Word Resource Management Database for
                 Continuous Speech Recognition",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "651--654",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{price:91,
  author =       "P. J. Price and M. Ostendorf and S. Shattuck-Hufnagel
                 and C. Fong",
  title =        "The use of prosody in syntactic disambiguation",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "90",
  number =       "6",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1991",
}

@Unpublished{Prince93,
  author =       "Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky",
  title =        "Optimality Theory: {C}onstraint Interaction in
                 Generative Grammar",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "Unpublished manuscript, Rutgers University",
}

@Unpublished{PrinceSmolensky93,
  author =       "Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky",
  title =        "Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in
                 Generative Grammar",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "Tech. rep. CU-CS-696-93, Department of Computer
                 Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, and RuCCs
                 Tech. rep. TR-2, Cognitive Science Center, Rutgers
                 University. [to appear, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA]",
}

@Article{Pritchett,
  author =       "Bradley Pritchett",
  title =        "Garden Path Phenomena and the Grammatical Basis of
                 Language Processing",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "539--576",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{Pritchett93,
  author =       "Bradley L. Pritchett",
  title =        "Grammatical Competence and Parsing Performance",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InCollection{prohis,
  author =       "Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Roussel",
  editor =       "Thomas J. {Bergin Jr.} and Richard G. {Gibson, Jr.}",
  booktitle =    "History of Programming Languages -- II",
  title =        "The Birth of {P}rolog",
  publisher =    "ACM Press/Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "331--352",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Unpublished{Pronlex,
  author =       "LDC",
  title =        "{COMLEX} {E}nglish {P}ronunciation {D}ictionary
                 {V}ersion 0.2 ({COMLEX} 0.2)",
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Linguistic Data Consortium",
}

@Book{PS94,
  author =       "Carl Pollard and Ivan A. Sag",
  title =        "Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{PulLad,
  author =       "Geoffrey K. Pullum and William A. Ladusaw",
  title =        "Phonetic Symbol Guide",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "Second Edition",
}

@Book{Pullum91,
  author =       "Geoffrey K. Pullum",
  title =        "The Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{PullumGazdar1982,
  author =       "G. K. Pullum and G. Gazdar",
  title =        "Natural languages and context-free languages",
  journal =      "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "471--504",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Pulman93,
  author =       "Stephen G. Pulman and Mark R. Hepple",
  title =        "A feature-based formalism for two-level phonology: a
                 description and implementation",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "333--358",
  year =         "1993",
}

@article{prescher2005inducing,
  title={{Inducing head-driven PCFGs with latent heads: Refining a tree-bank grammar for parsing}},
  author={Prescher, Detlef},
  journal={Machine Learning: ECML 2005},
  pages={292--304},
  publisher={Springer},
  year=2005
}

@InProceedings{PRYZT04,
 author = {V. Punyakanok and D. Roth and W. Yih and D. Zimak and Y. Tu},
 title = {Semantic Role Labeling via Generalized Inference over Classifiers (Shared Task Paper)},
 booktitle = {Proc. of the Annual Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)},
 editor = {Hwee Tou Ng and Ellen Riloff},
 url = "http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~danr/Papers/PRYZT04.pdf",
 year = {2004},
 pages = {130--133},
}

@InProceedings{PRYZ04,
 author = {Punyakanok, V. and Roth, D. and Yih, W. and Zimak, D.},
 title = {Semantic Role Labeling via Integer Linear Programming Inference},
 booktitle = {Proc. the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)},
 month = {August},
 year = {2004},
 pages = {1346--1352},
 address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
 url = "http://l2r.cs.uiuc.edu/~danr/Papers/PRYZ04.pdf",
 }


@article{Pustej91,
   author = {James Pustejovsky},
   journal = {Computational Linguistics},
   number = {4},
   title = {The Generative Lexicon},
   volume = {17},
   year = {1991}
}

@InCollection{Qui68,
  author =       "M. Ross Quillian",
  editor =       "Marvin Minsky",
  booktitle =    "Semantic Information Processing",
  title =        "Semantic memory",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "227--270",
  year =         "1968",
}

@Article{Qui69,
  author =       "M. Ross Quillian",
  title =        "The teachable language comprehender: {A} simulation
                 program and theory of language",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "459--476",
  year =         "1969",
  journal =      CACM,
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@Article{Quinlan86,
  author =       "J. R. Quinlan",
  title =        "Induction of Decision Trees",
  journal =      "Machine Learning",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "81--106",
  year =         "1986",
  annote =       "Learning of classifiers consisting of hierarchical
                 queries (decision trees). Trees are built top-down, by
                 introducing queries that maximize the mutual
                 information between the classification to be learned
                 and the sample partition implied by the query. A
                 chi-square test is used to prevent overfitting to
                 noise.",
}

@Article{Quinlan:89,
  author =       "J. Ross Quinlan and Ronald L. Rivest",
  title =        "Inferring Decision Trees Using the Minimum Description
                 Length Principle",
  journal =      "Information and Computation",
  volume =       "80",
  pages =        "227--248",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{quirk-menezes-cherry:2005:ACL,
  author    = {Quirk, Chris  and  Menezes, Arul  and  Cherry, Colin},
  title     = {Dependency Treelet Translation: Syntactically Informed Phrasal {SMT}},
  booktitle = ACL05,
  year      = {2005},
  address   = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  pages     = {271--279},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P05/P05-1034}
}

@Book{Quirk,
  author =       "Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum and Geoffrey Leech
                 and Jan Svartvik",
  title =        "A Grammar of Contemporary {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Seminar Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Book{Quirk72,
  author =       "Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum and Geoffrey Leech
                 and Jan Svartvik",
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  publisher =    "Seminar Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Book{Quirk85,
  author =       "Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum and Geoffrey Leech
                 and Jan Svartvik",
  title =        "A Comprehensive Grammar of the {E}nglish Language",
  publisher =    "Longman",
  address =      "London",
  year =         "1985",
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@Article{Rabiner,
  author =       "Lawrence R. Rabiner",
  title =        "A Tutorial on {H}idden {M}arkov {M}odels and Selected
                 Applications in Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "257--286",
  year =         "1989",
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@Article{Rabiner:86,
  author =       "L. R. Rabiner and B. H. Juang",
  title =        "An Introduction to Hidden {Markov} Models",
  journal =      "IEEE ASSP Magazine",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--16",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  annote =       "Covers the theory of discrete HMMs with state-emission
                 probabilities, including Baum-Welch and Viterbi ML
                 estimation. Brief mention of continuous models,
                 implementation issues and application to speech
                 recognition.",
}

@Article{RabinScott59,
  author =       "Michael O. Rabin and D. Scott",
  title =        "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems",
  journal =      "IBM Journal of Research and Development",
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  number =       "2",
  pages =        "114--125",
  year =         "1959",
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@Book{RabJua,
  author =       "Lawrence R. Rabiner and {Biing-Hwang} Juang",
  title =        "Fundamentals of Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "Prentice Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Rad,
  author =       "Andrew Radford",
  title =        "Transformational Grammar: {A} First Course",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1988",
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@InProceedings{Radev&McKeown97,
  author =       "Dragomir R. Radev and Kathleen R. McKeown",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 5th ACL Conference on Applied
                 Natural Language Processing (ANLP-97)",
  title =        "Building a Generation Knowledge Source using
                 Internet-Accessible Newswire",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "221--228",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{RadevMcKeown97,
  author =       "Dragomir R. Radev and Kathleen R. McKeown",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Applied Natural
                 Language Processing {(ANLP'97)}",
  title =        "Building a generation knowledge source using
                 internet-accessible newswire",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "221--228",
  year =         "1997",
}

@article{rajasekaran98,
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}

@article{ ramakrishnan91magic,
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@inproceedings{ramakrishnan88,
 author = {Ramakrishnan, Raghu and Beeri, Catriel and Krishnamurthy, Ravi},
 title = {Optimizing existential datalog queries},
 booktitle = {PODS '88: Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems},
 year = {1988},
 isbn = {0-89791-263-2},
 pages = {89--102},
 location = {Austin, Texas, United States},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/308386.308420},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 }


@InProceedings{ramanathan-acl09,
  author    = {Ramanathan, Ananthakrishnan  and  Choudhary, Hansraj  and  Ghosh, Avishek  and  Bhattacharyya, Pushpak},
  title     = {Case markers and Morphology: Addressing the crux of the fluency problem in English-Hindi SMT},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP},
  month     = {August},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Suntec, Singapore},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {800--808},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P09/P09-1090}
}

@article{rambow-ci94,
  author    = {Owen Rambow and {Young-Suk} Lee},
  title     = {Word Order Variation and Tree-Adjoining Grammar},
  journal   = {Computational Intelligence},
  volume    = {10},
  year      = {1994},
  pages     = {386-400},
  ee        = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00004.x},
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}

@article{RambowSatta99,
  author    = {Owen Rambow and Giorgio Satta},
  title     = {Independent Parallelism in Finite Copying Parallel Rewriting
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  volume    = {223},
  number    = {1-2},
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@InProceedings{RamshawMa95,
  author =       "L. A. Ramshaw and M. P. Marcus",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Very Large
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  organization = "ACL",
  pages =        "82--94",
  year =         "1995",
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@InProceedings{Rat96,
  author =       "Adwait Ratnaparkhi",
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                 Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "A Maximum Entropy Part-Of-Speech Tagger",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "University of Pennsylvania",
  pages =        "133--142",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Rat97,
  author =       "Adwait Ratnaparkhi",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
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  organization = "ACL",
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  year =         "1997",
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@InProceedings{Ratnaparkhi97,
  author =       "Adwait Ratnaparkhi",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
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  title =        "A Linear Observed Time Statistical Parser Based on
                 Maximum Entropy Models",
  address =      "Providence, Rhode Island",
  year =         "1997",
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@InProceedings{RatRey94,
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  booktitle =    "ARPA Human Language Technologies Workshop",
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  address =      "Plainsboro, N.J.",
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  year =         "1994",
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@PhdThesis{ravi,
  author =       "M. K. Ravishankar",
  title =        "Efficient Algorithms for Speech Recognition",
  school =       "School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
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  address =      "Pittsburgh",
  year =         "1996",
  note =         "Available as CMU CS tech report CMU-CS-96-143",
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@Article{Raychaudhuri02,
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@InProceedings{rcole93,
  author =       "Ronald A. Cole and David G. Novick and Mark Fanty and
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  address =      "Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan",
  year =         "1993",
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@InProceedings{rcole94,
  author =       "Ronald A. Cole and David G. Novick and Dan Burnett and
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@Article{rcole97,
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  pages =        "243--260",
  year =         "1997",
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@Article{ReddyZue83,
  author =       "D. R. Reddy and V. Zue",
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                 Goal",
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  pages =        "84--87",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
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@Article{Reder83,
  author =       "Lynne M. Reder",
  title =        "What kind of pitcher can a catcher fill? {E}ffects of
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  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "189--202",
  year =         "1983",
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@InProceedings{reed-stoc92,
 author = {Bruce A. Reed},
 title = {Finding approximate separators and computing tree width quickly},
 booktitle = {STOC '92: Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing},
 year = {1992},
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@Book{ReevesNass,
  author =       "Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass",
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  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1996",
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@Book{Regier,
  author =       "Terry Regier",
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  year =         "1996",
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@PhdThesis{Regier.thesis,
  author =       "Terry Regier",
  title =        "The Acquisition of Lexical Semantics for Spatial
                 Terms: {A} Connectionist Model of Perceptual
                 Categorization",
  school =       "Computer Science Division, EECS Department, University
                 of California at Berkeley",
  year =         "1992",
  note =         "available as Tech. rep. TR-92-062, International
                 Computer Science Institute, Berkeley",
}

@conference{rehbein2007evaluating,
  title={{Evaluating evaluation measures}},
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@Article{Rei80,
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  year =         "1980",
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@Book{Rei85,
  author =       "Rachel Reichman",
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  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  year =         "1985",
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@Article{Reich69,
  author =       "Peter A. Reich",
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  year =         "1969",
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@Article{Reichert73,
  author =       "Thomas A. Reichert and David N. Cohen and Andrew K. C.
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  title =        "An application of information theory to genetic
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  year =         "1973",
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@InProceedings{Reit96,
  author =       "Norbert Reithinger and Ralf Engel and Michael Kipp and
                 Martin Klesen",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Predicting Dialogue Acts for a Speech-To-Speech
                 Translation System",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "654--657",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Reit:96,
  author =       "Norbert Reithinger and Ralf Engel and Michael Kipp and
                 Martin Klesen",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Predicting Dialogue Acts for a Speech-To-Speech
                 Translation System",
  volume =       "2",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "654--657",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Reit:97,
  author =       "Norbert Reithinger and Martin Klesen",
  booktitle =    eurospeech97,
  title =        "Dialogue Act Classification Using Language Models",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "2235--2238",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Reithinger:95,
  author =       "Norbert Reithinger",
  booktitle =    "{AAAI} Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in
                 Discourse",
  title =        "Some Experiments in Speech Act Prediction",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{ReithingerKlesen:97,
  author =       "N. Reithinger and M. Klesen",
  booktitle =    eurospeech97,
  title =        "Dialog act classification using language models",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "2235--2238",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{ReithingerMaier:95,
  author =       "Norbert Reithinger and Elisabeth Maier",
  booktitle =    ACL95,
  title =        "Utilizing Statistical Dialogue Act Processing in
                 {Verbmobil}",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "116--121",
  year =         "1995",
}

@TechReport{Renals91,
  author =       "S. Renals and N. Morgan and H. Bourlard and M. Cohen
                 and H. Franco and C. Wooters and P. Kohn",
  title =        "Connectionist Speech Recognition: Status and
                 Prospects",
  number =       "TR-91-070",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Renals92a,
  author =       "N. Morgan and S. Renals and H. Bourlard",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for
                 Signal Processing",
  title =        "Probability Estimation by Feed-forward Networks in
                 Continuous Speech Recognition",
  address =      "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  pages =        "309--318",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Renals92b,
  author =       "S. Renals and N. Morgan and M. Cohen and H. Franco and
                 H. Bourlard",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Intl.\ Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing",
  title =        "Connectionist Probability Estimation In The {DECIPHER}
                 Speech Recognition System",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "San Francisco, California",
  pages =        "I.601--604",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Renals95,
  author =       "Steve Renals and Mike Hochberg",
  booktitle =    icassp95,
  title =        "Efficient Search Using Posterior Phone Probability
                 Estimates",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "596--599",
  year =         "1995",
}

@TechReport{RenalsHochberg95a,
  author =       "S. Renals and M. Hochberg",
  title =        "Decoder Technology for Connectionist Large Vocabulary
                 Speech Recognition",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  institution =  "Sheffield University Department of Computer Science",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1995",
}

@PhdThesis{Resnik,
  author =       "Philip Resnik",
  title =        "Selection and Information: {A} Class-Based Approach to
                 Lexical Relationships",
  school =       "University of Pennsylvania",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "(Institute for Research in Cognitive Science report
                 IRCS-93-42)",
}

@InProceedings{Resnik92,
  author =       "Philip Resnik",
  booktitle =    coling:92,
  title =        "Probabilistic Tree-Adjoining Grammar as a Framework
                 for Statistical Natural Language Processing",
  address =      "Nantes, France",
  pages =        "418--424",
  year =         "1992",
  annote =       "Argue to Probabilistic LTAGs as a suitable compromise
                 between lexical and hierarchical language models. Gives
                 a clear explanation of LTAG and its probabilistic
                 version, but no concrete results.",
}

@article{Resnik96,
 author="Philip Resnik",
 title="Selectional Constraints: An Information-Theoretic Model and its Computational Realization",
 journal={Cognition},
 volume="61",
 pages="127--159", 
 month="November",
 year="1996"
}

@techreport{Resnick-tr02,
 name="Philip Resnik and Noah Smith", 
 title="The Web as a Parallel Corpus", 
 institution="University of Maryland",
 number="UMIACS-TR-2002-61",
 year=2002,
 url="http://www.cs.umd.edu/Library/TRs/CS-TR-4381/CS-TR-4381.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ReyRat97,
  author =       "Jeffrey C. Reynar and Adwait Ratnaparkhi",
  booktitle =    "Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language
                 Processing",
  title =        "A Maximum Entropy Approach to Identifying Sentence
                 Boundaries",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "356--363",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Book{Rhodes29,
  author =       "Frederick Leland Rhodes",
  title =        "Beginnings of telephony",
  publisher =    "Harper and Brothers",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1929",
}

@InCollection{Rhodes92,
  author =       "Richard A. Rhodes",
  editor =       "Wolfgang U. Dressler and Martin Prinzhorn and John
                 Rennison",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 7th International Phonology
                 Meeting",
  title =        "Flapping in {A}merican {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Rosenberg and Sellier",
  address =      "Turin",
  pages =        "217--232",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{Rhodes96,
  author =       "Richard A. Rhodes",
  editor =       "Bernhard Hurch and Richard A. Rhodes",
  booktitle =    "Natural Phonology: The State of the Art",
  title =        "{E}nglish reduced vowels and the nature of natural
                 processes",
  publisher =    "Mouton de Gruyter",
  address =      "The Hague",
  pages =        "239--259",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Msthesis{Riehemann,
  author =       "Susanne Riehemann",
  title =        "Word Formation in Lexical Type Hierarchies",
  school =       "University of Tuebingen",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Unpublished{Riehemann94,
  author =       "Susanne Riehemann",
  title =        "Morphology and the hierarchical lexicon.",
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University",
}

@InProceedings{Ries:99,
  author =       "Klaus Ries",
  booktitle =    icassp99,
  title =        "{HMM} and Neural Network based Speech Act
                 Classification",
  organization = "IEEE",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InCollection{Riesbeck:86,
  author =       "Christopher K. Riesbeck",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Cognitive Science 1",
  title =        "From Conceptual Analyzer to Direct Memory Access
                 Parsing: {A}n Overview",
  publisher =    "Ellis Horwood",
  address =      "Chichester",
  pages =        "236--258",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{Rigoll90,
  author =       "Gerhard Rigoll",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings Int'l Conference on Acoustics, Speech and
                 Signal Processing",
  title =        "Baseform Adaptation for Large Vocabulary {Hidden
                 Markov Model} Based Speech Recognition Systems",
  address =      "Albuquerque, New Mexico",
  pages =        "141--144",
  year =         "1990",
  annotate =     "This paper describes a new method for the adaptation
                 of IBM's speech recognition system to a user while the
                 user is running the system. The adaptation is not done
                 to the parameters of the hidden markov models, but to
                 the structure of these models. The method of adaptation
                 is to extract boundaries for the words in a sentence
                 during the recognition process. For each word in the
                 sentence, a new baseform can be derived from the label
                 sequence corresponding to that word. The old baseforms
                 can then be updated using the new baseform label
                 sequences. Using this method, the system will adapt to
                 the personal speaking characteristics of the user.",
}

@InProceedings{Riley89,
  author =       "Michael D. Riley",
  booktitle =    DARPA89,
  title =        "Some applications of tree-based modelling to speech
                 and language",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Cape Cod, MA",
  pages =        "339--352",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Riley91,
  author =       "Michael D. Riley",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "A Statistical Model for Generating Pronunciation
                 Networks",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "737--740",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Riley97,
  author =       "Michael D. Riley and William Byrne and Michael Finke
                 and Sanjeev Khudanpur and Andrei Ljolje and John
                 McDonough and Harriet Nock and Murat Saraclar and Chuck
                 Wooters and George Zavaliagkos",
  title =        "Stochastic Pronunciation modeling from hand-labelled
                 phonetic corpora",
  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "29",
  pages =        "209--224",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InCollection{Rileysynth,
  author =       "Michael D. Riley",
  editor =       "G. Bailly and C. Beniot",
  booktitle =    "Talking Machines: Theories, Models and Designs",
  title =        "Tree-based modelling for speech synthesis",
  publisher =    "North Holland",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{Riloff93,
  author =       "Ellen Riloff",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)",
  title =        "Automatically Constructing a Dictionary for
                 Information Extraction Tasks",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "811--816",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{riloff96,
 author="Riloff, E.",
 year=1996,
 title="Automatically Generating Extraction Patterns from Untagged Text",  
 booktitle="Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)" ,
 pages="1044--1049",
 url="http://www.cs.utah.edu/~riloff/pdfs/aaai96.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{RiloffJones99,
  author =       "Ellen Riloff and Rosie Jones",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)",
  title =        "Learning Dictionaries for Information
Extraction by Multi-Level Bootstrapping",
  pages =        "474--479",
  year =         "1999",
  url="http://www.cs.utah.edu/~riloff/psfiles/aaai99.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{riloff98,
  author =       "Ellen Riloff and Mark Schmelzenbach",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora",
  title =        "An Empirical Approach to Conceptual Case Frame
                 Acquisition",
  address =      "Montreal, Canada",
  pages =        "49--56",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{RiloffSchmelz98,
  author =       "Ellen Riloff and Mark Schmelzenbach",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora",
  title =        "An Empirical Approach to Conceptual Case Frame
                 Acquisition",
  address =      "Montreal, Canada",
  pages =        "49--56",
  year =         "1998",
}

@article{rivest_ml87,
  author = {Ronald L. Rivest},
  title = {Learning Decision Lists},
  journal = {Machine Learning},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {229-246},
  year = {1987}
}

@Book{Roach,
  author =       "Peter Roach",
  title =        "English Phonetics and Phonology",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1983",
}


@article{robertson-jctb95,
 author = {Neil Robertson and P. D. Seymour},
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 issn = {0095-8956},
 pages = {65--110},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jctb.1995.1006},
 publisher = {Academic Press, Inc.},
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 note=" n^2 alg for k-tree for fixed k"
 }

@Article{Rob65,
  author =       "J. A. Robinson",
  title =        "A machine-oriented logic based on the resolution
                 principle",
  journal =      JACM,
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "23--41",
  year =         "1965",
}

@Book{Robins,
  author =       "R. H. Robins",
  title =        "A Short History of Linguistics",
  publisher =    "Indiana University Press",
  address =      "Bloomington",
  year =         "1967",
}

@Article{RobinsonEtal91,
  author =       "T. Robinson and F. Fallside",
  title =        "A Recurrent Error Propagation Network Speech
                 Recognition System",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{RocSch97br,
  author =       "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
  editor =       "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
  booktitle =    "Finite-State Language Processing",
  title =        "Deterministic Part-of-Speech Tagging with Finite-State
                 Transducers",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "205--239",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InCollection{RocSchI97,
  author =       "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
  editor =       "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
  booktitle =    "Finite-State Language Processing",
  title =        "Introduction",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "1--65",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{RocheryEtal,
  author="M. Rochery and R. Schapire and M. Rahim and N. Gupta and G. Riccardi and S. Bangalore and H. Alshawi and S. Douglas",
  title="Combining prior knowledge and boosting for call classification in spoken language dialogue",
  booktitle=icassp02,
  year=2002
}

@Article{Roelofs97,
  author =       "A. Roelofs",
  title =        "The {WEAVER} model of word-form encoding in speech
                 production",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "64",
  pages =        "249--284",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Roland00,
  author =       "Douglas Roland and Daniel Jurafsky and Lise Menn and
                 Susanne Gahl and Elizabeth Elder and Chris Riddoch",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics (ACL-2000) Workshop on Comparing Corpora",
  title =        "Verb Subcategorization Frequency Differences between
                 Business-News and Balanced Corpora: the role of verb
                 sense",
  address =      "Hong Kong",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Roland98,
  author =       "Douglas Roland and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of COLING/ACL",
  title =        "How Verb Subcategorization Frequencies Are Affected By
                 Corpus Choice",
  address =      "Montreal, Canada",
  pages =        "1122--1128",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Rolhongkong,
  author =       "Douglas Roland and Daniel Jurafsky and Lise Menn and
                 Susanne Gahl and Elizabeth Elder and Chris Riddoch",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics (ACL-2000) Workshop on Comparing Corpora",
  title =        "Verb Subcategorization Frequency Differences between
                 Business-News and Balanced Corpora: the role of verb
                 sense",
  pages = "28--34",
  address =      "Hong Kong",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{RolJur,
  author =       "Doug Roland and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    COLING98,
  title =        "How Verb Subcategorization Frequencies Are Affected By
                 Corpus Choice",
  publisher =    "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "1122--1128",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{RolJur00,
  author =       "Doug Roland and Daniel Jurafsky",
  editor =       "Paola Merlo and Suzanne Stevenson",
  booktitle =    "Sentence Processing and the lexicon: formal,
                 computational, and experimental perspectives",
  title =        "Verb sense and verb subcategorization probabilities",
  publisher =    "Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages = "325--346",
  year =         "2002",
}

@article{Roland2007,
 title = "Frequency of basic English grammatical structures: A corpus analysis",
 journal = "Journal of Memory and Language",
 volume = "57",
 number = "3",
 pages = "348 - 379",
 year = "2007",
 note = "",
 issn = "0749-596X",
 doi = "DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.03.002",
 url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WK4-4NT93T6-1/2/734590a9fc00666cb0b402e5d0301 ab4",
 author = "Douglas Roland and Frederic Dick and Jeffrey L. Elman",
}


@InCollection{Ron94,
  author =       "Dana Ron and Yoram Singer and Naftali Tishby",
  editor =       "Jack Cowan and Gerald Tesauro and Joshua Alspector",
  booktitle =    "{Advances} in {Neural} {Information} {Processing}
                 {Systems} 6",
  title =        "The Power of Amnesia",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  year =         "1994",
  annote =       "Probabilistic DFA induction by successive refinement
                 of the state space, guide by prediction accuracy.
                 Effectively does state splitting.",
}

@InProceedings{Rooth95,
  author =       "Mats Rooth",
  booktitle =    "AAAI Symposium on Representation and Acquisition of
                 Lexical Knowledge",
  title =        "Two-Dimensional Clusters in Grammatical Relations",
  address =      "Stanford, California",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Rooth99,
  author =       "Mats Rooth and Stefan Riezler and Detlef Prescher and
                 Glenn Carroll and Franz Beil",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the ACL",
  title =        "Inducing a Semantically Annotated Lexicon via
                 {EM}-Based Clustering",
  address =      "College Park, Maryland",
  pages =        "104--111",
  year =         "1999",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P99/P99-1014.pdf"
}

@Article{Rose92,
  author =       "K. Rose and E. Gurewitz and G. C. Fox",
  title =        "Vector Quantization by Deterministic Annealing",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "4",
  pages =	 "1249--1257",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Rosenfeld96,
  author =       "Ronald Rosenfeld",
  title =        "A Maximum Entropy Approach to Adaptive Statistical
                 Language Modeling",
  journal =      "Computer, Speech and Language",
  volume =       "10",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{rosenfeld96a,
  author =       "Roni Rosenfeld",
  title =        "A Maximum Entropy Approach to Adaptive Statistical
                 Language Modeling",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "187--228",
  year =         "1996",
}

@TechReport{Rosenfeld96b,
  author =       "R. Rosenfeld and R. Agarwal and B. Byrne and R. Iyer
                 and M. Liberman and E. Shriberg and J. Unverfuehrt and
                 D. Vergyri and E. Vidal",
  title =        "{LM95} {P}roject {R}eport: {L}anguage modeling of
                 spontaneous speech",
  number =       "Research Note No. 1",
  institution =  "Center for Language and Speech Processing, Johns
                 Hopkins University, Baltimore",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{rosetal_acl95,
  author =       "Carolyn P. Ros\'e and Barbara Di Eugenio and Lori S.
                 Levin and Carol Van Ess-Dykema",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics",
  title =        "Discourse Processing of Dialogues with Multiple
                 Threads",
  pages =        "31--38",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Conference{ross&ostendorf:95,
  author =       "Ken Ross and Mari Ostendorf",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH 95",
  title =        "A dynamical system model for recognising intonation
                 patterns",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Misc{RossenPC,
  author =       "M. L. Rossen",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1992",
  note =         "Personal communication",
}

@PhdThesis{RossenPhd,
  author =       "M. L. Rossen",
  title =        "Speech Syllable Recognition with a Neural Network",
  school =       "Brown University",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InProceedings{Roth98,
  author =       "Dan Roth and Dmitry Zelenko",
  booktitle =    COLING98,
  title =        "Part of Speech Tagging Using a Network of Linear
                 Separators",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "1136--1142",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Roth98b,
  author =       "Dan Roth",
  booktitle =    AAAI98,
  title =        "Learning to Resolve Natural Language Ambiguities: {A}
                 Unified Approach",
  pages =        "806--813",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Roth99,
  author =       "Dan Roth",
  booktitle =    IJCAI99,
  title =        "Learning in Natural Language",
  pages =        "898--904",
  year =         "1999",
}

@InProceedings{RouKas86,
  author =       "William C. Rounds and Robert T. Kasper",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic
                 in Computer Science",
  title =        "A complete logical calculus for record structures
                 representing linguistic information",
  pages =        "38--43",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InCollection{Rumelhart1986,
  author =       "D. E. Rumelhart and G. E. Hinton and R. J. Williams",
  editor =       "D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland",
  booktitle =    "Parallel Distributed Processing. Exploration of the
                 Microstructure of Cognition",
  title =        "Learning Internal Representations by Error
                 Propagation",
  volume =       "1: Foundations",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InCollection{RumelhartMcClelland86,
  author =       "D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland",
  editor =       "D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland",
  booktitle =    "Parallel Distributed Processing",
  title =        "On Learning the Past Tense of {English} Verbs",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  pages =        "216--271",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Book{RussellNorvig,
  author =       "Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig",
  title =        "Artificial Intelligence: {A} Modern Approach",
  publisher =    "Prentice Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Book{RussellNorvig:2003,
  author =       "Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig",
  title =        "Artificial Intelligence: {A} Modern Approach",
  publisher =    "Prentice Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  edition =      "Second",
  year =         "2003",
}

@Article{Sacks74,
  author =       "Harvey Sacks and Emanuel A. Schegloff and Gail
                 Jefferson",
  title =        "A simplest systematics for the organization of
                 turn-taking for conversation",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "696--735",
  year =         "1974",
}

@InProceedings{Sadock84,
  author =       "Jerrold M. Sadock",
  editor =       "David Testen and Veena Mishra and Joseph Drogo",
  booktitle =    "Papers from the Parasession on Lexical Semantics",
  title =        "The Poly-Redundant Lexicon",
  publisher =    "Chicago Linguistic Society",
  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "250--269",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InCollection{Sadock87,
  author =       "Jerrold M. Sadock",
  editor =       "Geoffrey J. Huck and Almerindo E. Ojeda",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics 20: {D}iscontinuous
                 Constituency",
  title =        "Discontinuity in Autolexical and Autosemantic Syntax",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  pages =        "283--301",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InCollection{SadZwi,
  author =       "Jerrold M. Sadock and Arnold M. Zwicky",
  editor =       "Timothy Shopen",
  booktitle =    "Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume
                 1",
  title =        "Speech act distinctions in syntax",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  pages =        "155--196",
  year =         "1985",
}

@Article{Saffran01,
  author =       "Jenny R. Saffran",
  title =        "The Use of Predictive Dependencies in Language
                 Learning",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "44",
  pages =        "493--515",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{Saffran96,
  author =       "Jenny R. Saffran and Richard N. Aslin and Elissa L.
                 Newport",
  booktitle =    cogsci:96,
  title =        "Statistical Cues in Language Acquisition: {W}ord
                 Segmentation by Infants",
  pages =        "376--380",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{Saffran96JML,
  author =       "J. R. Saffran and E. L. Newport and R. N. Aslin",
  title =        "Word segmentation: The role of distributional cues",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "606--621",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{SaffranScience,
  author =       "J. R. Saffran and E. L. Newport and R. N. Aslin",
  title =        "Statistical learning by 8-month old infants",
  journal =      "Science",
  volume =       "274",
  pages =        "1926--1928",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{Sag85,
  author =       "Ivan A. Sag and Ronald Kaplan and Lauri Karttunen and
                 Martin Kay and Carl Pollard and Stuart Shieber and
                 Annie Zaenen",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Fifth West Coast Conference on
                 Formal Linguistics",
  title =        "Unification and Grammatical Theory",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InCollection{SagLib75,
  author =       "Ivan A. Sag and Mark Liberman",
  booktitle =    CLS75,
  title =        "The Intonational Disambiguation of Indirect Speech
                 Acts",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  pages =        "487--498",
  year =         "1975",
}

@Book{SagWasow,
  editor =       "Ivan A. Sag and Thomas Wasow",
  title =        "Syntactic Theory: {A} Formal Introduction",
  publisher =    "CSLI Publications",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Book{SagWasowBender,
  editor =       "Ivan A. Sag and Thomas Wasow and Emily Bender",
  title =        "Syntactic Theory: {A} Formal Introduction",
  publisher =    "CSLI Publications",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  year =         "2003",
}

@InProceedings{sagot-satta:2010:ACL,
  author    = {Sagot, Beno\^{i}t  and  Satta, Giorgio},
  title     = {Optimal Rank Reduction for Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems with Fan-Out Two},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Uppsala, Sweden},
  pages     = {525--533},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1054}
}

@InProceedings{SakoeChiba71,
  author =       "Hiroaki Sakoe and Seibi Chiba",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on
                 Acoustics, Budapest",
  title =        "A Dynamic Programming Approach to Continuous Speech
                 Recognition",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    "{Akad\'{e}miai} {Kiad\'{o}}",
  address =      "Budapest",
  pages =        "65--69",
  year =         "1971",
}

@Article{SakoeChiba78,
  author =       "Hiroaki Sakoe and Seibi Chiba",
  title =        "Dynamic Programming Algorithm Optimization for Spoken
                 Word Recognition",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
                 Processing",
  volume =       "ASSP-26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--49",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{Salomaa,
  author =       "Arto Salomaa",
  title =        "Probabilistic and Weighted Grammars",
  journal =      "Information and Control",
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "529--544",
  year =         "1969",
}

@Article{SalPis85,
  author =       "Aita Salasoo and David B. Pisoni",
  title =        "Interaction of Knowledge Sources in Spoken Word
                 Identification",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "210--231",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InCollection{Sam87,
  author =       "Geoffrey Sampson",
  editor =       "Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Geoffrey
                 Sampson",
  booktitle =    "The Computational Analysis of {E}nglish",
  title =        "Alternative grammatical coding systems",
  publisher =    "Longman",
  address =      "London and New York",
  pages =        "165--183",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{Sam99,
  author =       "Christer Samuelsson and Wolfgang Reichl",
  booktitle =    icassp99,
  title =        "A class-based language model for large-vocabulary
                 speech recognition extracted from part-of-speech
                 statistics",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "537--540",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Book{Sampson80,
  author =       "Geoffrey Sampson",
  title =        "Making Sense",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1980",
}

@Book{Sampson96,
  author =       "Geoffrey Sampson",
  title =        "Evolutionary Language Understanding",
  publisher =    "Cassell",
  address =      "London",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{Samuel81,
  author =       "Arthur G. Samuel",
  title =        "Phonemic Restoration: Insights from a new
                 methodology",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: General",
  volume =       "110",
  pages =        "474--494",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Article{Samuel81a,
  author =       "Arthor Samuel",
  title =        "Phonemic Restoration: Insights from a New
                 Methodology",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: General",
  volume =       "110",
  pages =        "474--494",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Article{Samuel81b,
  author =       "Arthor Samuel",
  title =        "The Role of Bottom-up Confirmation in the Phonemic
                 Restoration Illusion",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception
                 and Performance",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "1124--1131",
  year =         "1981",
}

@InProceedings{Samuel98,
  author =       "Ken Samuel and Sandra Carberry and K. Vijay-Shanker",
  editor =       "Jennifer Chu-Carroll and Nancy Green",
  booktitle =    "Applying Machine Learning to Discourse Processing.
                 Papers from the 1998 {AAAI} Spring Symposium",
  title =        "Computing dialogue acts from features with
                 transformation-based learning",
  pages =        "90--97",
  year =         "1998",
  note =         "\rm Technical Report SS-98-01",
}

@InProceedings{Samuel:98,
  author =       "Ken Samuel and Sandra Carberry and K. Vijay-Shanker",
  booktitle =    COLING98,
  title =        "Dialogue Act Tagging with Transformation-Based
                 Learning",
  volume =       "2",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Montreal",
  pages =        "1150--1156",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InCollection{San93,
  author =       "Antonio Sanfilippo",
  editor =       "Ted Briscoe and Valeria de Paiva and Ann Copestake",
  booktitle =    "Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon",
  title =        "{LKB} Encoding of Lexical Knowledge",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "190--222",
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{SanBuc00,
  author =       "Erik F. {Tjong Kim Sang} and Sabine Buchholz",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of CoNLL-2000",
  title =        "Introduction to the Co{NLL}-2000 Shared Task:
                 {C}hunking",
  address =      "Lisbon, Portugal",
  pages =        "127--132",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{sangati2009spinal,
    Author = {Sangati, Federico and Zuidema, Willem},
    Booktitle = {Proc.\ EACL},
    Location = {Athens, Greece},
    Title = {Unsupervised methods for head assignments},
    Year = {2009},
}

@Article{Sankoff72,
  author =       "David Sankoff",
  title =        "Matching sequences under deletion-insertion
                 constraints",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences of the
                 U.S.A.",
  volume =       "69",
  pages =        "4--6",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Book{SanKru83,
  editor =       "David Sankoff and Joseph B. Kruskal",
  title =        "Time Warps, String Edits, and Macromolecules: The
                 Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  pages =        "1--44",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Unpublished{Santorini90,
  author =       "Beatrice Santorini",
  title =        "Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the {P}enn
                 {T}reebank Project",
  year =         "1990",
  note =         "3rd revision, 2nd printing",
}

@TechReport{Santos:91,
  author =       "Eugene {Santos, Jr}",
  title =        "A Structured Neural Network Approach to Robust
                 Parsing",
  number =       "CS-91-14",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Brown University",
  address =      "Providence, R.I.",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
  annote =       "Another reimplementation of chart parsig by a
                 pre-wired connectionist network. However, this one uses
                 probabilistic CFGs. Also, it suggests ways of relaxing
                 grammaticality constraints in terms of insertions,
                 deletions, and reversals of constituents.",
}

@InProceedings{Saraclar97,
  author =       "Murat Saraclar",
  booktitle =    "Conversational Speech Recognition Workshop: DARPA
                 Hub-5E Evaluation",
  title =        "Automatic learning of a model for word pronunciations:
                 {S}tatus report",
  address =      "Baltimore, MD",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Saraclar:01,
  author =       "Murat Saraclar and Harriet Nock and Sanjeev
                 Khudanpur",
  title =        "Pronunciation Modeling by Sharing Gaussian Densities
                 Across Phonetic Models",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "137--160",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{Sarkar:01,
author="Anoop Sarkar",
year=2001,
title="Applying Co-Training Methods to Statistical Parsing",
booktitle=NAACL01,
pages="175--182"
}

@InProceedings{Sarkar-tag02,
 author		= {Anoop Sarkar and {Chung-hye} Han},
 title		= {Statistical Morphological Tagging and Parsing of {K}orean with an {LTAG} Grammar},
 booktitle	= {Proc.\ TAG+6},
 year		= {2002},
}

                  
@inproceedings{satta-acl92,
  author="Giorgio Satta",
  year=1992,
  title="Recognition of {Linear Context-Free Rewriting Systems}",
  booktitle=ACL92, 
  pages     = {89--95},
  address="Newark, DE",
}

@InProceedings{SattaPeserico05,
  author = "Giorgio Satta and Enoch Peserico",
  title = "Some Computational Complexity Results for Synchronous Context-Free Grammars",
  booktitle = EMNLP05,
  pages = "803--810",
  year = 2005,
  address = "Vancouver, Canada",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/H/H05/H05-1101.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{SattaSchuler-98,
 author="Giorgio Satta and William Schuler",
 title="Restrictions on Tree Adjoining Languages",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the 36th Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL98)", 
 address="Montreal, Canada", 
 pages="1176--1182", 
 year=1998,
 url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P98/P98-2192.pdf"
}

@Article{Savin63,
  author =       "H. B. Savin",
  title =        "Word-frequency effect and errors in the perception of
                 speech",
  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "200--206",
  year =         "1963",
}

@InCollection{Sch85,
  author =       "Paul Schachter",
  editor =       "Timothy Shopen",
  booktitle =    "Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume
                 1",
  title =        "Parts-of-speech systems",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  pages =        "3--61",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{Schabes88,
  author =       "Yves Schabes and Anne {Abeill\'{e}} and Aravind K.
                 Joshi",
  booktitle =    COLING88,
  title =        "Parsing Strategies with `Lexicalized' Grammars:
                 {A}pplications to {T}ree {A}djoining {G}rammars",
  address =      "Budapest",
  pages =        "578--583",
  year =         "1988",
}

@PhdThesis{Schabes90,
  author =       "Yves Schabes",
  title =        "Mathematical and Computational Aspects of Lexicalized
                 Grammars",
  school =       "University of Pennsylvania",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA$\dag$",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Schabes:92,
  author =       "Yves Schabes",
  booktitle =    coling:92,
  title =        "Stochastic Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammars",
  address =      "Nantes, France",
  pages =        "426--433",
  year =         "1992",
  annote =       "Describes algorithms for probabilistic LTAGs in terms
                 of the indexed grammar equivalence. Gives sentence
                 probability computation and reestimation formulas,
                 based on the inside/outside algorithm for SCFGs.
                 Preliminary experiments comparing restricted,
                 CFG-equivalent LTAGS to straight SCFGs, using $a^n b^n$
                 and ATIS. Tacit conclusion that convergence is faster
                 and learned structures more accurate with LTAGs.",
}

@Article{SchabesShieber94,
  author =       "Yves Schabes and Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "An alternative conception of tree-adjoining
                 derivation",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "91--124",
  year =         "1994",
  issue =        "1",
}

@InProceedings{SchACL94,
  author =       "Hinrich {Sch\"{u}tze} and Yoram Singer",
  booktitle =    ACL94,
  title =        "Part-of-Speech Tagging Using a Variable Memory
                 {M}arkov Model",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Las Cruces, NM",
  pages =        "181--187",
  year =         "1994",
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@Book{Schank,
  author =       "Roger C. Schank and Robert P. Abelson",
  title =        "Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  year =         "1977",
}

@Article{Schank72,
  author =       "Roger C. Schank",
  title =        "Conceptual Dependency: a Theory of Natural Language
                 Understanding",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "552--631",
  year =         "1972",
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@article{SchapireSinger99,
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  pages="297--336", 
  year=1999 }

@article{SchapireSinger00,
    author = "Robert E. Schapire and Yoram Singer",
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    journal = "Machine Learning",
    volume = "39",
    number = "2/3",
    pages = "135--168",
    year = "2000",
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@InProceedings{SchCho85,
  author =       "Richard Schwartz and Yen-Lu Chow and O. Kimball and S.
                 Roukos and M. Krasnwer and J. Makhoul",
  booktitle =    icassp85,
  title =        "Context-dependent Modeling for Acoustic-Phonetic
                 Recognition of Continuous Speech",
  volume =       "3",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "1205--1208",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{SchCho90,
  author =       "Richard Schwartz and Yen-Lu Chow",
  booktitle =    icassp90,
  title =        "The {N}-best Algorithm: {A}n Efficient and Exact
                 Procedure for Finding the {N} most likely Sentence
                 Hypotheses",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "81--84",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Schegloff68,
  author =       "Emanuel A. Schegloff",
  title =        "Sequencing in conversational openings",
  journal =      "American Anthropologist",
  volume =       "70",
  pages =        "1075--1095",
  year =         "1968",
}

@Article{Schegloff77,
  author =       "Emanuel A. Schegloff and Gail Jefferson and Harvey
                 Sacks",
  title =        "The preference for self-correction in the organization
                 of repair in conversation",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "53",
  pages =        "361--382",
  year =         "1977",
}

@InCollection{Schegloff79,
  author =       "Emanuel A. Schegloff",
  editor =       "Talmy Givon",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics Volume 12, {D}iscourse and
                 Syntax",
  title =        "The Relevance of Repair to Syntax-for-Conversation",
  publisher =    "New York",
  address =      "Academic Press",
  pages =        "261--286",
  year =         "1979",
}

%
%Schegloff, Emanuel. & H. Sacks. 1973. Opening up closings. Semiotica, VIIII: 289-327
%
%
%Yngve, Victor H.  1970. On getting a word in edgewise.  Proceedings of
%            Chicago Linguistics Society 6, 567-577.
%
@InCollection{Schegloff82,
  author =       "Emanuel A. Schegloff",
  editor =       "Deborah Tannen",
  booktitle =    "Analyzing Discourse: {T}ext and Talk",
  title =        "Discourse as an interactional achievement: {S}ome uses
                 of `uh huh' and other things that come between
                 sentences",
  publisher =    "Georgetown University Press",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "71--93",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{Schegloff87,
  author =       "Emanuel A. Schegloff",
  editor =       "Graham Button and John R. E. Lee",
  booktitle =    "Talk and Social Organization",
  title =        "Recycled turn beginnings; {A} precise repair mechanism
                 in conversation's turn-taking organization",
  publisher =    "Multilingal Matters, Ltd",
  address =      "Clevedon, Avon, England",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Schegloff88,
  author =       "Emanuel A. Schegloff",
  title =        "Presequences and indirection: {A}pplying speech act
                 theory to ordinary conversation",
  journal =      "Journal of Pragmatics",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "55--62",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{Schiffrin,
  author =       "Deborah Schiffrin",
  title =        "Discourse Markers",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{SchMoa88,
  author =       "W. A. Schweigert and D. R. Moates",
  title =        "Familiar idiom comprehension",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "281--296",
  year =         "1988",
}


@InProceedings{schone,
  author =       "Patrick Schone and Dan Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of North American Chapter of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL-2001)",
  title =        "Knowledge-Free Induction of Inflectional
                 Morphologies",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{Schone01,
  author =       "Patrick Schone and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the North
                 American Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics (NAACL-2001)",
  title =        "Knowledge-Free Induction of Inflectional
                 Morphologies",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{SchoneJurafsky00,
  author =       "Patrick Schone and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Natural
                 Language Learning (CoNLL-2000)",
  title =        "Knowlege-Free Induction of Morphology using Latent
                 Semantic Analysis",
  year =         "2000",
}
@InProceedings{SchoneJurafsky01,
  author =       "Patrick Schone and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    "IJCAI-2001 Workshop: Text Learning: Beyond Supervision",
  editor =    "Andrew McCallum",
  title =        "Language-independent Induction of Part of Speech Class Labels
Using Only Language Universals",
  pages = "53--60",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{SchPel82,
  author =       "Lenhart K. Schubert and Francis J. Pelletier",
  title =        "From {E}nglish to logic: {C}ontext-free computation of
                 `conventional' logical translation",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--44",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Book{SchRie,
  editor =       "Roger C. Schank and Christopher K. Riesbeck",
  title =        "Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs plus
                 Miniatures",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  year =         "1981",
}

@article{Schroder1870,
  author="E. Schr{\"{o}}der",
  year=1870,
  title="Vier combinatorische {Probleme}",
  journal="Zeitschrift f{\"{u}}r Mathematik und Physik", 
  volume=15,
  pages="361--376",
}

@InProceedings{Schubert,
  author =       "Lenhart K. Schubert",
  booktitle =    AAAI86,
  title =        "Are there preference Trade-offs in Attachment
                 Decisions?",
  publisher =    MK,
  pages =        "601--605",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{Schubert84,
  author =       "Lenhart K. Schubert",
  booktitle =    COLING84,
  title =        "On Parsing Preferences",
  address =      "Stanford, CA",
  pages =        "247--250",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Book{Schuchardt,
  author =       "Hugo Schuchardt",
  title =        "{\"U}ber die Lautgesetze: Gegen die Junggrammatiker",
  publisher =    "Robert Oppenheim",
  address =      "Berlin",
  year =         "1885",
  note =         "Excerpted with English translation in Theo Vennemann
                 and Terence H. Wilbur, (Eds.), {\em Schuchardt, the
                 Neogrammarians, and the Transformational Theory of
                 Phonological Change}, Athenaum Verlag, Frankfurt,
                 1972.",
}

@InProceedings{Schuler99,
author="William Schuler",
title="Preserving semantic dependencies in synchronous tree adjoining grammar",
booktitle=ACL99,
url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P99/P99-1012.pdf",
year=1999,
}

@InProceedings{Dras99,
author="Mark Dras",
title="A meta-level grammar: redefining synchronous TAG for translation and paraphrase",
booktitle=ACL99,
url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P99/P99-1011.pdf",
year=1999,
}

@Book{Schutze97,
  author =       "Hinrich {Sch\"{u}tze}",
  title =        "Ambiguity Resolution in Language Learning --
                 Computational and Cognitive Models",
  number =       "10",
  publisher =    "Center for the Study of Language and Information",
  address =      "Stanford, California",
  year =         "1997",
  series =       "CSLI Lecture Notes Series",
}

@Article{Schvan,
  author =       "R. W. Schvaneveldt and D. E. Meyer and C. A. Becker",
  title =        "Lexical ambiguity, semantic context, and visual word
                 recognition",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception
                 and Performance",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "243--256",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InProceedings{Schwartz:90,
  author =       "Richard Schwartz and Yen-Lu Chow",
  title =        "The {$N$}-best algorithm: An efficient and exact
                 procedure for finding the ${N}$ most likely sentence
                 hypotheses",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "81--84",
  year =         "1990",
  booktitle = icassp90,
}

@InProceedings{Schwartz:91,
  author =       "Richard Schwartz and Steve Austin",
  title =        "A Comparison of Several Approximate Algorithms For
                 Finding Multiple ({$N$-BEST}) Sentence Hypotheses",
  booktitle =    "icassp91",
  crossref =     "icassp:91",
  volume =       "1",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "701--704",
}

@InProceedings{SchwartzEtal87,
  author =       "R. Schwartz and Y. L. Chow and F. Kubula",
  booktitle =    icassp87,
  title =        "Rapid Speaker Adaptation using a Probabilistic
                 Spectral Mapping",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "633--636",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InProceedings{SchwartzEtal97,
  author="R. Schwartz and S. Miller and D. Stallard and J. Makhoul",
  title="Hidden understanding models for statistical sentence understanding",
  booktitle=icassp97,
  address =      "Munich, Germany",
  year=1997, 
  pages="1479--1482",
}

@Book{Searle,
  author =       "John R. Searle",
  title =        "Speech Acts",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1969",
}

@InCollection{Searle75,
  author =       "John R. Searle",
  editor =       "Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Speech Acts: Syntax and Semantics Volume 3",
  title =        "Indirect Speech Acts",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "59--82",
  year =         "1975",
}

@InCollection{Searle79,
  author =       "John R. Searle",
  editor =       "Keith Gunderson",
  booktitle =    "Language, Mind and Knowledge, Minnesota Studies in the
                 Philosophy of Science",
  title =        "A taxonomy of illocutionary acts",
  volume =       "VII",
  publisher =    "University of Minnesota Press",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "344--369",
  year =         "1975",
  note =         "Also appears in John R. Searle, {\em Expression and
                 Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts},
                 Cambridge University Press, 1979",
}

@Article{Secrest1983,
  author =       "B. G. Secrest and G. R. Doddington",
  title =        "An Integrated Pitch Tracking Algorithm for Speech
                 Systems",
  journal =      "Proceedings Int'l Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech, and
                 Signal Processing",
  address =      "Boston",
  pages =        "1352--1355",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{Segal,
  author =       "Andreas Stolcke and Jonathan Segal",
  booktitle =    ACL94,
  title =        "Precise {$n$}-gram Probabilities from Stochastic
                 Context-free Grammars",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Las Cruces, NM",
  pages =        "74--79",
  year =         "1994",
}

@TechReport{Segal-tr,
  author =       "Andreas Stolcke and Jonathan Segal",
  title =        "Precise {$n$}-gram Probabilities from Stochastic
                 Context-free Grammars",
  number =       "TR-94-007",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{Sei00,
  author =       "Mark S. Seidenberg and Maryellen C. MacDonald",
  title =        "A Probabilistic Constraints Approach to Language
                 Acquisition and Processing",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "569--588",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{SeiTanLeiBie82,
  author =       "Mark S. Seidenberg and Michael K. Tanenhaus and James
                 M. Leiman and Marie Bienkowski",
  title =        "Automatic Access of the Meanings of Ambiguous Words in
                 Context: {S}ome Limitations of Knowledge-Based
                 Processing",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "489--537",
  year =         "1982",
}


@article{Seki91,
 author="H. Seki and T. Matsumura and M. Fujii and T. Kasami",
 year = 1991,
 title="On Multiple Context-Free Grammars",
 journal="Theoretical Computer Science",
 volume=88,
 pages="191--229",
}

@Book{Selkirk82,
  author =       "Elisabeth Selkirk",
  title =        "The Syntax of Words",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1982",
}

@Article{Selkirk86,
  author =       "Elisabeth Selkirk",
  title =        "On derived domains in sentence phonology",
  journal =      "Phonology Yearbook",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "371--405",
  year =         "1986",
}

%% this is a duplicate entry (tag for other is "Wells")
%% not removing for fear of breaking old documents [MJP 2006-04-15]
@Article{Sells,
  author =       "Rulon S. Wells",
  title =        "Immediate Constituents",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "81--117",
  year =         "1947",
}

@InProceedings{Seneff1986,
  author =       "Stephanie Seneff",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Intl.\ Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing",
  title =        "A Computational Model for the Peripheral Auditory
                 System: Application to Speech Recognition Research",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Tokyo",
  pages =        "1983--1986",
  year =         "1986",
  annotate =     "In this paper, Seneff describes an auditory model
                 which has three stages of processing. The first stage
                 consists of a bank of 40 overlapping linear
                 critical-band filters covering the frequency range from
                 130 Hz to 6.4 kHz. The second stage is a
                 hair-cell/synapse model to capture features of the
                 transformation from basilar membrane vibration to nerve
                 fiber probabilistic response. In the third stage, the
                 output from stage two is processed by two independent
                 modules. The first module is used to detect the
                 envelope response, the second is used to detect the
                 synchronous response. \newline No speech recognition
                 experiments are reported here. Suggestions on how this
                 model might be used in a speech recognition system are
                 given. For example, she suggests that the envelope
                 response might be used for marking acoustic boundaries
                 and for making broad phonetic category decisions.",
}

@Article{Seneff88,
  author =       "S. Seneff",
  title =        "A Joint Synchrony/Mean-Rate Model of Auditory Speech
                 Processing",
  journal =      "Proc. Journal of Phonetics",
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "55--76",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{Seneff92,
  author =       "Stephanie Seneff and Helen Meng and Victor Zue",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "Language Modelling for Recognition and Understanding
                 Using Layered Bigrams",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "I.317--320",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Article{Seneff92b,
  author =       "Stephanie Seneff",
  title =        "{TINA}: {A} Natural Language System for Spoken
                 Language Application",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--86",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Sey97,
  author =       "Kristie Seymore and Ronald Rosenfeld",
  booktitle =    EUROSPEECH97,
  title =        "Using Story Topics for Language Model Adaptation",
  pages =        "1987--1990",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{Sey98,
  author =       "Kristie Seymore and Stanley Chen and Ronald
                 Rosenfeld",
  booktitle =    icslp98,
  title =        "Nonlinear interpolation of topic models for language
                 model adaptation",
  volume =       "6",
  address =      "Sydney",
  pages =        "2503",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Seymore96,
  author =       "Kristie Seymore and Roni Rosenfeld",
  booktitle =    "ICSLP-96",
  title =        "Scalable Backoff Language Models",
  volume =       "1",
  address =      "Philadelphia",
  pages =        "232--235",
  year =         "1996",
}
                  
@article{seymour-thomas-com94,
  author="P. D. Seymour and R. Thomas",
  title="Call Routing and the Ratcatcher",
  journal="Combinatorica",
  year=1994,
  volume=14,
  number=2,
  pages="217--241",
}

@article{shafer-shenoy,
  author="G. Shafer and P. Shenoy",
  title="Probability Propagation",
  journal="Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence",
  volume=2,
  pages="327--353",
  year=1990,
}

@Article{Sha38,
  author =       "C. E. Shannon",
  title =        "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits",
  journal =      "Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical
                 Engineers",
  volume =       "57",
  pages =        "713--723",
  year =         "1938",
}

@Article{Shannon,
  author =       "C. E. Shannon",
  title =        "Prediction and Entropy of Printed {E}nglish",
  journal =      "Bell System Technical Journal",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "50--64",
  year =         "1951",
}

@Article{Shannon48,
  author =       "C. E. Shannon",
  title =        "A Mathematical Theory of Communication",
  journal =      "Bell System Technical Journal",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "379--423",
  year =         "1948",
  note =         "Continued in following volume",
}

@Article{Shapiro,
  author =       "L. P. Shapiro and E. Zurif and J. Grimshaw",
  title =        "Sentence processing and the mental representation of
                 verbs",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "219--246",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Shapiro2,
  author =       "Lewis P. Shapiro and Bari Brookins and Betsy Gordon
                 and Nicholas Nagel",
  title =        "Verb Effects During Sentence Processing",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,
                 and Cognition",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "983--996",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{shastri,
  author =       "Lokendra Shastri and Venkat Ajjanagadde",
  title =        "From simple associations to systematic reasoning: {A}
                 connectionist representation of rules, variables, and
                 dynamic bindings using temporal synchrony",
  journal =      "Behavioral and Brian Sciences",
  volume =       "16",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{She76,
  author =       "Beau A. Sheil",
  title =        "Observations on Context Free Parsing",
  journal =      "SMIL: Statistical Methods in Linguistics",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "71--109",
  year =         "1976",
}

@article{shen-lre08,
  author="Libin Shen and Lucas Champollion and Aravind Joshi",
  title="{LTAG-Spinal} and the {Treebank}",
  journal="Language Resources and Evaluation",
  year=2008,
  volume=42,
  pages="1--19",
}

@InProceedings{shen-joshi-emnlp08,
  author="Libin Shen and Aravind Joshi",
  title="{LTAG} Dependency Parsing with Bidirectional Incremental Construction",
  booktitle=EMNLP08,
  year=2008,
}

@InProceedings{Shi85,
  author =       "Stuart M. Shieber",
  booktitle =    ACL85,
  title =        "Using Restriction to Extend Parsing Algorithms for
                 Complex-Feature-Based Formalisms",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Chicago, IL",
  pages =        "145--152",
  month =        July,
  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{Shi86,
  author =       "Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to
                 Grammar",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago Press",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{Shieber83,
  author =       "Stuart M. Shieber",
  booktitle =    ACL83,
  title =        "Sentence disambiguation by a shift-reduce parsing
                 technique",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "113--118",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Book{Shieber86,
  author =       "Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to
                 Grammar",
  publisher =    "Center for the Study of Language and Information,
                 Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, California",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Article{ShieberSwiss,
  author =       "Stuart M. Shieber",
  title =        "Evidence against the context-freeness of natural
                 language",
  journal =      "Linguistics and Philosophy",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "333--343",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{Shieber90,
  author="Stuart Shieber and Yves Schabes",
  title="Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars",
  booktitle=COLING90,
  volume="III",
  pages="253--258", 
  year=1990,
  address="Helsinki",
  url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/C/C90/C90-3045.pdf",
}

@article{Shieber94,
   author = "Stuart M. Shieber",
   title = "Restricting the weak-generative capacity of
	synchronous tree-adjoining grammars",
   journal = "Computational Intelligence",
   volume = 10,
   number = 4,
   pages = {371--385},
   year = 1994}


@InProceedings{shieber04,
 title="Synchronous grammars as tree transducers",
 author="Stuart M. Shieber",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammar and Related Formalisms (TAG+ 7)", 
 year=2004,
 pages="88--95",
 address="Vancouver, BC",
 url="http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/shieber/Biblio/Papers/shieber-04-stsg-distrib.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{shieber06,
 title="Unifying synchronous tree-adjoining grammars and tree transducers via bimorphisms",
 author="Stuart M. Shieber",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL-06)",
 year=2006,
 url="http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/shieber/Biblio/Papers/stag-bimorphism.pdf",
}

@PhdThesis{Shih86,
  author =       "Chi-Lin Shih",
  title =        "The Prosodic Domain of Tone Sandhi in {Chinese}",
  school =       "University of California",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{ShikanoEtal86,
  author =       "K. Shikano and K. F. Lee and R. Reddy",
  booktitle =    icassp86,
  title =        "Speaker Adaptation through Vector Quantization",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "2643--2646",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InCollection{Shillcock,
  author =       "Richard Shillcock",
  editor =       "Gerry T. M. Altmann",
  booktitle =    "Cognitive Models of Speech Processing",
  title =        "Lexical Hypotheses in Continuous Speech",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "24--49",
  year =         "1990",
}

@article{shiloach79,
author = {Yossi Shiloach},
collaboration = {},
title = {A Minimum Linear Arrangement Algorithm for Undirected Trees},
publisher = {SIAM},
year = {1979},
journal = {SIAM Journal on Computing},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {15-32},
keywords = {algorithm; linear arrangement; trees},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?SMJ/8/15/1},
annotate="In this paper we solve the problem for undirected trees by an O(n^{2.2}) algorithm."
}

@InProceedings{ShiStuUszRob83,
  author =       "Stuart M. Shieber and Susan U. Stucky and Hans
                 Uszkoreit and Jane J. Robinson",
  booktitle =    ACL83,
  title =        "Formal constraints on metarules",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "22--27",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{ShiTou79,
  author =       "Rajjan Shinghal and Godfried T. Toussaint",
  title =        "Experiments in Text Recognition with the Modified
                 {V}iterbi Algorithm",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "PAMI-1",
  pages =        "184--193",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1979",
}

@InProceedings{ShrBatSto:97,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg and Rebecca Bates and Andreas
                 Stolcke",
  booktitle =    eurospeech97,
  title =        "A Prosody-Only Decision-Tree Model for Disfluency
                 Detection",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "2383--2386",
  year =         "1997",
  URL =          "ftp://ftp.speech.sri.com/pub/papers/eurospeech97-prosody.ps",
}

@Book{shrdlu,
  author =       "Terry Winograd",
  title =        "Understanding Natural Language",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1972",
}

@Article{shrdluarticle,
  author =       "Terry Winograd",
  title =        "Understanding Natural Language",
  journal =      "Cognitive Psychology",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  year =         "1972",
  pages = "1--191",
  note =         "Reprinted as a book by Academic Press, 1972.",
}

@InProceedings{Shriberg92,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg and John Bear and John Dowding",
  booktitle =    DARPA92,
  title =        "Automatic detection and correction of repairs in
                 computer-human dialog",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Harriman, New York",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1992",
  note =         "",
}

@PhdThesis{Shriberg94,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg",
  title =        "Preliminaries to a Theory of Speech Disfluencies",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1994",
  note =         "(unpublished)",
}

@InProceedings{Shriberg95stockholm,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic
                 Sciences (ICPhS-95)",
  title =        "Acoustic properties of disfluent repetitions",
  volume =       "4",
  address =      "Stockholm, Sweden",
  pages =        "384--387",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Shriberg97,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg and Rebecca Bates and Andreas
                 Stolcke",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-97",
  title =        "A prosody-only decision-tree model for disfluency
                 detection",
  volume =       "5",
  address =      "Rhodes, Greece",
  pages =        "2383--2386",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Shrietal:98,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg and Rebecca Bates and Paul Taylor
                 and Andreas Stolcke and Daniel Jurafsky and Klaus Ries
                 and Noah Coccaro and Rachel Martin and Marie Meteer and
                 Carol Van Ess-Dykema",
  title =        "Can Prosody Aid the Automatic Classification of Dialog
                 Acts in Conversational Speech?",
  journal =      "Language and Speech (Special Issue on Prosody and
                 Conversation)",
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3-4",
  pages =        "439--487",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{ShrWadPri92,
  author =       "Elizabeth Shriberg and Elizabeth Wade and Patti
                 Price",
  booktitle =    DARPA92,
  title =        "Human-Machine Problem Solving Using Spoken Language
                 Systems ({SLS}): {F}actors Affecting Performance and
                 User Satisfaction",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Harriman, New York",
  pages =        "49--54",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{Sidner83,
  author =       "Candace Sidner",
  editor =       "Michael Brady and Robert C. Berwick",
  booktitle =    "Computational Models of Discourse",
  title =        "Focusing in the Comprehension of Definite Anaphora",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "267--330",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Book{SieCas:88,
  author =       "Sidney Siegel and N. John {Castellan, Jr.}",
  title =        "Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences",
  publisher =    "McGraw-Hill",
  address =      "New York",
  edition =      "Second",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{Siegel00,
  author =       "Eric Siegel and Kathleen McKeown",
  title =        "Learning Methods to Combine Linguistic Indicators:
                 Improving Aspectual Classification and Revealing
                 Linguistic Insights",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "595--628",
  year =         "2000",
  issue =        "4",
}


@InProceedings{Siegel99,
  author =       "Eric V. Siegel",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the ACL",
  title =        "Corpus-Based Linguistic Indicators for Aspectual Classification",
  organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  address =      "College Park, Maryland",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
}


@Article{Siegel1976,
  author =       "L. J. Siegel and K. Steiglitz",
  title =        "A Pattern Classification Algorithm for the
                 Voiced/Unvoiced Decision",
  journal =      "Proceedings Int'l Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech, and
                 Signal Processing",
  pages =        "326--329",
  year =         "1976",
}

@InProceedings{Siegler95,
  author =       "M. A. Siegler and R. M. Stern",
  booktitle =    icassp95,
  title =        "On the effects of speech rate in large vocabulary
                 speech recognition systems",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "612--615",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Simaan-coling96,
    title="Computational Complexity of Probabilistic Disambiguation by means of Tree Grammars",
    author="Khalil Sima'an",
    booktitle="Proceedings of  the International Conference on Computational Linguistics  (COLING '96)", 
    pages={1175--1180},
    address="Copenhagen, Denmark", 
    year=1996,
    url="http://staff.science.uva.nl/~simaan/D-Papers/simaan-96b.ps"
}




@Article{Sim84,
  author =       "Greg B. Simpson",
  title =        "Lexical Ambiguity and Its Role in Models of Word
                 Recognition",
  journal =      "Psychological Bulletin",
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "316--340",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{SimBre83,
  author =       "Jane Simpson and Joan Bresnan",
  title =        "Control and Obviation in {W}arlpiri",
  journal =      "Natural Language \& Linguistic Theory",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "49--64",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{SimBur85,
  author =       "Greg B. Simpson and Curt Burgess",
  title =        "Activation and Selection Processes in the Recognition
                 of Ambiguous Words",
  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception
                 and Performance",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "28--39",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InCollection{SimBur88,
  author =       "Greg B. Simpson and Curt Burgess",
  editor =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Lexical ambiguity resolution: Perspectives from
                 psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial
                 intelligence",
  title =        "Implications of Lexical Ambiguity Resolution for Word
                 Recognition and Comprehension",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  pages =        "271--288",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{SimKel89,
  author =       "Greg B. Simpson and George Kellas",
  editor =       "David S. Gorfein",
  booktitle =    "Resolving Semantic Ambiguity",
  title =        "Dynamic Contextual Processes and Lexical Access",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "40--56",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{Simpson81,
  author =       "Greg B. Simpson",
  title =        "Meaning dominance and semantic context in the
                 processing of lexical ambiguity",
  journal =      JVLVB,
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "120--136",
  year =         "1981",
}

@Article{Singer79,
  author =       "Murray Singer",
  title =        "Processes of inference during sentence encoding",
  journal =      "Memory \& Cognition",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "192--200",
  year =         "1979",
}

@InProceedings{Slaney1990,
  author =       "Malcolm Slaney and Richard F. Lyon",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Intl.\ Conf.\ on Acoustics, Speech,
                 and Signal Processing",
  title =        "A Perceptual Pitch Detector",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Albuquerque, New Mexico",
  year =         "1990",
  annotate =     "The first stage is a model of the auditory system from
                 the outer and middle ear up to the inner hair cells.
                 The second stage produces a correlogram. The
                 correlogram is a two dimensional representation of the
                 speech signal in which frequency is represented along
                 the vertical axis and time along the horizontal axis.
                 This model was used to implement a pitch detector based
                 on Licklider's duplex theory of pitch detection. The
                 model behaved similarly to humans on tasks such as
                 detecting residue pitch.",
}

@TechReport{Slaney88,
  author =       "M. Slaney",
  title =        "Lyon's Cochlear Model",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  institution =  "Apple Corporate Library, Cupertino, CA 95014",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{Slator91,
  author =       "Brian M. Slator and Yorick Wilks",
  editor =       "Masaru Tomita",
  booktitle =    "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
  title =        "{PREMO}: {P}arsing by conspicuous lexical
                 consumption",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Boston",
  pages =        "243--260",
  year =         "1991",
}

%% this is a duplicate entry (tag for other is "linkgrammar")
%% not removing for fear of breaking old documents [MJP 2006-04-15]
@InProceedings{Sleator93,
  author =       "Daniel Sleator and Davy Temperley",
  booktitle =    "Third International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
  title =        "Parsing {English} with a Link Grammar",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1993",
}

@unpublished{sloane,
 author="N. J. A. Sloane",
 title="The on-line encyclopedia of integer sequences",
 year=2006
}

@InCollection{Slobin96,
  author =       "Dan I. Slobin",
  editor =       "Masayoshi Shibatani and Sandra A. Thompson",
  booktitle =    "Grammatical Constructions: {T}heir Form and Meaning",
  title =        "Two Ways to Travel",
  publisher =    "Clarendon Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  pages =        "195--220",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{SmaCotSha82,
  author =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Lokendra
                 Shastri",
  title =        "Toward connectionist parsing",
  journal =      AAAI82,
  pages =        "247--250",
  year =         "1982",
}

@InCollection{Small82,
  author =       "Steven L. Small and Chuck Rieger",
  editor =       "Wendy G. Lehnert and Martin H. Ringle",
  booktitle =    "Strategies for Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "Parsing and Comprehending with {W}ord {E}xperts",
  pages =        "89--147",
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  year =         "1998",
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  year =         "1997",
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  year =         "1998",
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  title =        "An Efficient Probabilistic Context-Free Parsing
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  month =        nov,
  year =         "1993",
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  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
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  year =         "1994",
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@PhdThesis{Stolcke:thesis,
  author =       "Andreas Stolcke",
  title =        "Bayesian Learning of Probabilistic Language Models",
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  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
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  pages =        "163--166",
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  year =         "1996",
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}

@InCollection{Stowe89,
  author =       "Laurie A. Stowe",
  editor =       "G. N. Carlson and M. K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Linguistic structure in language processing",
  title =        "Thematic structures and sentence comprehension",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic",
  address =      "Dordrecht",
  pages =        "319--357",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{Strange87,
  author =       "W. Strange",
  title =        "Information for Vowels in Formant Transitions",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "550--557",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Article{Strange89,
  author =       "W. Strange",
  title =        "Evolving Theories of Vowel Perception",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "85",
  pages =        "2081--2087",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{StrangeEtal76,
  author =       "W. Strange and R. Verbrugge and D. Shankweiler and T.
                 Edman",
  title =        "Consonant Environment Specifies Vowel Identity",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "60",
  pages =        "213--224",
  year =         "1976",
}

@Article{StrangeEtal79,
  author =       "W. Strange and T. R. Edman and J. J. Jenkins",
  title =        "Acoustic and Phonological Factors in Vowel
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  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception
                 and Performance",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "643--656",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Article{StrangeEtal83,
  author =       "W. Strange and J. J. Jenkins and T. L. Johnson",
  title =        "Dynamic Specification of Coarticulated Vowels",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "695--705",
  year =         "1983",
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@Article{Streeter78,
  author =       "L. Streeter",
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  journal =      JASA,
  volume =       "63",
  pages =        "1582--1592",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InProceedings{Strom:95,
  author =       "V. Strom",
  booktitle =    "Proc. EUROSPEECH",
  title =        "Detection of Accents, Phrase Boundaries and Sentence
                 Modality in {German} with Prosodic Features",
  volume =       "3",
  address =      "Madrid",
  pages =        "2039--2041",
  year =         "1995",
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@InProceedings{StromWidera:96,
  author =       "V. Strom and C. Widera",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "What's in the ``Pure'' Prosody",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InCollection{Stucky,
  author =       "Susan U. Stucky",
  editor =       "Geoffrey J. Huck and Almerindo E. Ojeda",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics 20: {D}iscontinuous
                 Constituency",
  title =        "Configurational Variation in {E}nglish",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  pages =        "377--404",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InCollection{Studdert-Kennedy74,
  author =       "M. Suddert-Kennedy",
  editor =       "T. A. Sebeok",
  booktitle =    "Current Trends in Linguistics",
  title =        "The Perception of Speech",
  publisher =    "Mouton",
  address =      "The Hague",
  year =         "1974",
}

@InCollection{Studdert-Kennedy76,
  author =       "M. Suddert-Kennedy",
  editor =       "R. Lass",
  booktitle =    "Contemporary Issues in Experimental Phonetics",
  title =        "Speech Perception",
  year =         "1976",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
}

@Article{Studdert-Kennedy80,
  author =       "M. Suddert-Kennedy",
  title =        "Speech Perception",
  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "45--66",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{SuhWai94,
  author =       "B. Suhm and A. Waibel",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
  title =        "Toward better language models for spontaneous speech",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "831--834",
  year =         "1994",
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@Book{sun93,
  editor =       "Beth Sundheim",
  title =        "Proceedings, Fifth Message Understanding Conference
                 ({MUC}-5), Baltimore, {MD}",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  year =         "1993",
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@InProceedings{sutton-conll05,
  author    = {Sutton, Charles  and  McCallum, Andrew},
  title     = {Joint Parsing and Semantic Role Labeling},
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  year      = {2005},
  pages     = {225--228},
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@Article{Swadesh34,
  author =       "M. Swadesh",
  title =        "The Phonemic Principle",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "117--129",
  year =         "1934",
}

@Book{Sweet,
  author =       "Henry Sweet",
  title =        "A Handbook of Phonetics",
  publisher =    "Clarendon Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1877",
}

@Article{SweOst:97,
  author =       "M. Swerts and M. Ostendorf",
  title =        "Prosodic and lexical indications of discourse
                 structure in human-machine interactions",
  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--41",
  year =         "1997",
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@InProceedings{Swerts:95,
  author =       "Marc Swerts",
  booktitle =    "Proc.~{XIIth} International Congress of Phonetic
                 Sciences",
  title =        "Combining statistical and phonetic analyses of
                 spontaneous discourse segmentation",
  volume =       "4",
  address =      "Stockholm",
  pages =        "208--211",
  year =         "1995",
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@Article{Swerts:97,
  author =       "M. Swerts",
  title =        "Prosodic features at discourse boundaries of different
                 strength",
  journal =      "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America",
  volume =       "101",
  pages =        "514--521",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Swerts:97b,
  author =       "Marc Swerts",
  title =        "Prosodic and lexical indications of discourse
                 structure in human-machine interactions",
  journal =      "Speech Communication",
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "25--41",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{swier-emnlp04,
 author="Robert Swier and Suzanne Stevenson", 
 title="Unsupervised Semantic Role Labeling",
 booktitle=EMNLP04,
 year=2004,
}

@Article{SwiCut79,
  author =       "David A. Swinney and Anne Cutler",
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  journal =      "Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "523--534",
  year =         "1979",
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@Article{Swinney79,
  author =       "David A. Swinney",
  title =        "Lexical access during sentence comprehension:
                 (Re)con\-sid\-er\-ation of context effects",
  journal =      JVLVB,
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "645--659",
  year =         "1979",
}

@InCollection{SwiOst90,
  author =       "David A. Swinney and Lee Osterhout",
  editor =       "Arthur C. Graesser and Gordon H. Bower",
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  title =        "Inference Generation During Auditory Language
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  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1990",
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@Article{SyrdalGopal86,
  author =       "A. Syrdal and H. Gopal",
  title =        "A Perceptual Model of Vowel Recognition Based on the
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                 Vowels",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "79",
  pages =        "1086--1100",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InCollection{Tabor93,
  author =       "Whitney Tabor",
  editor =       "Katharine Beals and Gina Cooke and David Kathman and
                 Karl-Erik McCullough and Sotaro Kita and David Testen",
  booktitle =    CLS93,
  title =        "The Gradual Development of Degree Modifier {\em sort
                 of}: {A} Corpus Proximity Model",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "[Forthcoming.]",
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@Unpublished{Tabor94,
  author =       "Whitney Tabor",
  title =        "The Gradualness of Syntactic Change: {A} Corpus
                 Proximity Model",
  year =         "1994 (submitted)",
  note =         "Submitted to the {\em Proceedings, ICHL 1993}",
}

@Article{Tabor97,
  author =       "Whitney Tabor and Cornell Juliano and Michael K.
                 Tanenhaus",
  title =        "Parsing in a dynamical system",
  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "211--272",
  year =         "1997",
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@InCollection{Tabossi88,
  author =       "Patrizia Tabossi",
  editor =       "Steven L. Small and Garrison W. Cottrell and Michael
                 K. Tanenhaus",
  booktitle =    "Lexical ambiguity resolution: Perspectives from
                 psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial
                 intelligence",
  title =        "Sentential context and lexical access.",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  pages =        "331--342",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InCollection{Tabossi94,
  author =       "Patrizia Tabossi and Michael Spivey-Knowlton and Ken
                 McRae and Michael K. Tanenhaus",
  editor =       "C. Umilta and M. Moscovitch",
  booktitle =    "Attention and Performance {XV}",
  title =        "Semantic effects on syntactic ambiguity resolution:
                 {E}vidence for a constraint-based resolution process",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "589--615",
  year =         "1994",
  editors =      "C. Umilta and M. Moscovitch",
  publisher =    LEA,
}

@InCollection{tag,
  author =       "Aravind K. Joshi",
  editor =       "David R. Dowty and Lauri Karttunen and Arnold Zwicky",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Parsing",
  title =        "Tree adjoining grammars: how much context-sensitivity
                 is required to provide reasonable structural
                 descriptions?",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "206--250",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{Tajchman95,
  author =       "Gary Tajchman and Eric Fosler and Daniel Jurafsky",
  booktitle =    "Eurospeech-95",
  title =        "Building Multiple Pronunciation Models for Novel Words
                 using Exploratory Computational Phonology",
  pages =        "2247--2250",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Tajchman95-acl,
  author =       "Gary Tajchman and Daniel Jurafsky and Eric Fosler",
  booktitle =    ACL95,
  title =        "Learning Phonological Rule Probabilities from Speech
                 Corpora with Exploratory Computational Phonology",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "1--8",
  year =         "1995",
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@Article{TajchmanBush90,
  author =       "G. N. Tajchman and M. A. Bush",
  title =        "Contextual Effects in the Perception of Naturally
                 Produced Vowels",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "88",
  pages =        "S55",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1990",
  note =         "Supplement 1",
}

@InProceedings{TajchmanBush92,
  author =       "G. N. Tajchman and M. A. Bush",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings International Conference on Spoken
                 Language Processing",
  title =        "Effects of Context and Redundancy in the Perception of
                 Naturally Produced {English} Vowels",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{TajchmanIntrator92,
  author =       "G. N. Tajchman and N. Intrator",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "Phonetic Classification of {TIMIT} Segments
                 Preprocessed with Lyon's Cochlear Model Using {A}
                 Supervised/Unsupervised Hybrid Neural Network",
  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
}

@InCollection{Talmy-motion,
  author =       "Leonard Talmy",
  editor =       "John P. Kimball",
  booktitle =    "Syntax and Semantics, Volume 4",
  title =        "Syntax and Semantics of Motion",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1975",
}

@InCollection{Talmy-patterns,
  author =       "Leonard Talmy",
  editor =       "Timothy Shopen",
  booktitle =    "Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume
                 3",
  title =        "Lexicalization Patterns: {S}emantic Structure In
                 Lexical Forms",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1980",
  note =         "also UC Berkeley Cognitive Science Program Report No.
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@InProceedings{Talmy77,
  author =       "Leonard Talmy",
  booktitle =    CLS77,
  title =        "Rubber-Sheet Cognition in Language",
  publisher =    "University of Chicago",
  address =      "Chicago",
  year =         "1977",
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@InProceedings{Talmy78,
  author =       "Leonard Talmy",
  editor =       "David Waltz",
  booktitle =    TINLAP2,
  title =        "The Relation of Grammar to Cognition -- {A} Synopsis",
  publisher =    "Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of
                 Illinois",
  address =      "Champaign, IL",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InCollection{Talmy85,
  author =       "Leonard Talmy",
  editor =       "Timothy Shopen",
  booktitle =    "Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume
                 3",
  title =        "Lexicalization Patterns: {S}emantic Structure In
                 Lexical Forms",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1985",
  note =         "Originally appeared as UC Berkeley Cognitive Science
                 Program Report No. 30, 1980",
}

@TechReport{Talmy86,
  author =       "Leonard Talmy",
  title =        "The Relation of Grammar to Cognition",
  number =       "45",
  institution =  "Berkeley Cognitive Science Report",
  address =      "Berkeley",
  year =         "1986",
}

@InProceedings{Talmy91,
  author =       "Leonard Talmy",
  booktitle =    BLS91,
  title =        "Path to Realization: a Typology of Event Conflation",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "480--519",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InCollection{Tan93,
  author =       "Michael K. Tanenhaus and Julie E. Boland and Gail
                 Mauner and Greg Carlson",
  editor =       "Gerry Altmann and Richard Shillcock",
  booktitle =    "Cognitive Models of Speech Processing",
  title =        "More on Combinatory Lexical Information: {T}hematic
                 Structure in Parsing and Interpretation",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "New Jersey",
  pages =        "297--320",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{TanBolGarCar89,
  author =       "Michael K. Tanenhaus and Julie E. Boland and Susan M.
                 Garnsey and Greg Carlson",
  title =        "Lexical structures in parsing long-distance
                 dependencies",
  journal =      "Journal of Psycholinguistic Research",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "37--50",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InCollection{TanCar89,
  author =       "Michael K. Tanenhaus and Greg Carlson",
  editor =       "William Marslen-Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Representation and Process",
  title =        "Lexical Structure and Language Comprehension",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "529--561",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{TanLeiSei79,
  author =       "Michael K. Tanenhaus and James M. Leiman and Mark S.
                 Seidenberg",
  title =        "Evidence for Multiple Stages in the Processing of
                 Ambiguous Words in Syntactic Contexts",
  journal =      "Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "427--440",
  year =         "1979",
}

@Article{TanLuc87,
  author =       "Michael K. Tanenhaus and Margery M. Lucas",
  title =        "Context effects in lexical processing.",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "213--234",
  year =         "1987",
}

@InCollection{TanSpiHan00,
  author =       "Michael K. Tanenhaus and Michael J. Spivey-Knowlton
                 and Joy E. Hanna",
  editor =       "Matthew W. Crocker and Martin Pickering and Charles
                 Clifton",
  booktitle =    "Architectures and Mechanims for Language Processing",
  title =        "Modeling Thematic and Discourse Context Effects with a
                 Multiple Constraints Approach: {I}mplications for the
                 Architecture of the Language Comprehension System",
  pages =        "90--118",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{TanStoCar85,
  author =       "Michael K. Tanenhaus and Laurie A. Stowe and Greg
                 Carlson",
  booktitle =    cogsci:85,
  title =        "The interaction of lexical expectation and pragmatics
                 in parsing filler-gap constructions",
  address =      "Irvine, CA",
  pages =        "361--365",
  year =         "1985",
}

@article{T84,
 author="R.M. Tanner",
 title="Explicit construction of concentrators from generalized n-gons",
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 volume=5,
 pages="287--294",
 year=1984
}


@Article{Tappert90,
  author =       "Charles C. Tappert and Ching Y. Suen and Toru
                 Wakahara",
  title =        "The State of the Art in On-Line Handwriting
                 Recognition",
  journal =      pami,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "787--808",
  month =        Aug,
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{TarMcC88,
  author =       "Roman Taraban and James L. McClelland",
  title =        "Constituent Attachment and Thematic Role Assignment in
                 Sentence Processing: Influences of Content-Based
                 Expectations",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "597--632",
  year =         "1988",
}

@InProceedings{taskar-emnlp04,
 title="Max-Margin Parsing",  
 author="Ben Taskar and Dan Klein and Michael Collins and Daphne Koller and  Christopher Manning",
 booktitle="Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP04)", 
 address="Barcelona, Spain",
 month=July,
 year=2004,
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@InProceedings{bartlett-nips04,
 title="Exponentiated gradient algorithms for large-margin structured 
classification",
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@InProceedings{taskar-nips03,
  author = {Ben Taskar and Carlos Guestrin and Daphne Koller},
  title = {Max-Margin Markov Networks},
  booktitle = {NIPS},
  year = {2003},
  url="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~taskar/pubs/mmmn.ps"}

@InProceedings{altun-icml03,
  author = {Y. Altun and T. Hofmann and A. Smola},
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  booktitle = {ICML},
  year = {2003},
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@Article{TayBla98,
  author =       "Paul Taylor and Alan W. Black",
  title =        "Assigning Phrase Breaks from Part of Speech
                 Sequences",
  journal =      "Computer Speech and Language",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "99--117",
  year =         "1998",
}

@InProceedings{Taylor97,
  author =       "Paul Taylor and Simon King and Stephen Isard and Helen
                 Wright and Jacqueline Kowtko",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-97",
  title =        "Using intonation to constrain language models in
                 speech recognition",
  address =      "Rhodes, Greece",
  pages =        "2763--2766",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{taylor98a,
  author =       "Paul Taylor and Simon King and Stephen Isard and Helen
                 Wright",
  title =        "Intonation and dialogue context as constraints for
                 speech recognition",
  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  year =         "1998",
  note =         "to appear",
}

@Conference{taylor:94a,
  author =       "Paul Taylor and Alan W. Black",
  booktitle =    "Second ESCA/IEEE Workshop on Speech Synthesis, New
                 York",
  title =        "Synthesizing Conversational Intonation from a
                 Linguistically Rich Input",
  year =         "1994",
}

@PhdThesis{taylor:thesis,
  author =       "Paul Taylor",
  title =        "A Phonetic Model of {E}nglish Intonation",
  school =       "University of Edinburgh",
  year =         "1992",
  note =         "Published by {I}ndiana University Linguistics Club.",
}

@InProceedings{TaylorBlack:94,
  author =       "Paul A. Taylor and Alan W. Black",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 2nd ESCA/IEEE Workshop on Speech
                 Synthesis",
  title =        "Synthesizing conversational intonation from a
                 linguistically rich input",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "175--178",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{TaylorEtAl:97,
  author =       "P. A. Taylor and S. King and S. D. Isard and H. Wright
                 and J. Kowtko",
  booktitle =    eurospeech97,
  title =        "Using Intonation to Constrain Language Models in
                 Speech Recognition",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "2763--2766",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{TaylorEtAl:LS98,
  author =       "Paul Taylor and Simon King and Stephen Isard and Helen
                 Wright",
  title =        "Intonation and Dialog Context as Constraints for
                 Speech Recognition",
  journal =      "Language and Speech",
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "3-4",
  pages =        "489--508",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{taylorx,
  author =       "Paul A. Taylor",
  title =        "Analysis and Synthesis of Intonation using the Tilt
                 Model",
  year =         "forthcoming",
}

@InProceedings{taylor_et_al:96,
  author =       "Paul Taylor and H. Shimodaira and Stephen Isard and
                 Simon King and Jacqueline Kowtko",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Using Prosodic Information to Constrain Language
                 Models for Spoken dialogue",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Unpublished{TDT1,
  author =       "Linguistic Data Consortium",
  title =        "{TDT} Pilot Study Corpus",
  year =         "1998",
  note =         "Catalog no. LDC98T25",
}

@InProceedings{teh-acl2006,
  author    = {Teh, Yee Whye},
  title     = {A Hierarchical Bayesian Language Model Based On Pitman-Yor Processes},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {July},
  year      = {2006},
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {985--992},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P06/P06-1124}
}



@InProceedings{Ten99,
  author =       "Joshua B. Tenenbaum",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 11",
  title =        "Bayesian modeling of human concept learning",
  year =         "2000",
}

@InProceedings{TenGri01a,
  author =       "Joshua B. Tenenbaum and Thomas L. Griffiths",
  booktitle =    cogsci:01,
  title =        "The rational basis of representativeness",
  address =      "Edinburgh",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{TenGri01b,
  author =       "Joshua B. Tenenbaum and Thomas L. Griffiths",
  title =        "Generalization, Similarity, and Bayesian Inference",
  journal =      "Behavioral and Brain Sciences",
  volume =       "24",
  pages = "579--616",
  number =       "3",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{TenXu00,
  author =       "Joshua B. Tenenbaum and Fei Xu",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society  (COGSCI-00)",
  title =        "Word learning as Bayesian inference",
  year =         "2000",
  address = "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages = "517--522",
  editor = "L. Gleitman and A. Joshi",
}

@InProceedings{Terry94,
  author =       "Mark Terry and Randall Sparks and Patrick Obenchain",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
  title =        "Automated Query Identification in {E}nglish Dialogue",
  pages =        "891--894",
  year =         "1994",
}

@TechReport{Tesar94,
  author =       "Bruce Tesar",
  title =        "Parsing in Optimality Theory: {A} Dynamic Programming
                 Approach",
  number =       "CU-CS-714-94",
  institution =  "U. of Colorado-Boulder, Department of Computer
                 Science",
  year =         "1994",
}

@PhdThesis{Tesar95,
  author =       "Bruce Tesar",
  title =        "Computational Optimality Theory",
  school =       "University of Colorado, Boulder",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{Tesar96,
  author =       "Bruce Tesar",
  booktitle =    ACL96,
  title =        "Computing Optimal Descriptions for Optimality Theory
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  address =      "Santa Cruz, CA",
  pages =        "101--107",
  year =         "1996",
}

@TechReport{TesarSmolensky93,
  author =       "Bruce Tesar and Paul Smolensky",
  title =        "The Learnability of Optimality Theory: {A}n Algorithm
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  number =       "CU-CS-678-93",
  institution =  "University of Colorado at Boulder Department of
                 Computer Science",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Tesniere,
  author =       "Lucien {Tesni\` ere}",
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@article{thilikos2001polynomial,
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@InProceedings{ThoDixLam91,
  author =       "Henry S. Thompson and Mike Dixon and John Lamping",
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  pages =        "87--97",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Thompson68,
  author =       "Ken Thompson",
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@article{Tillmann03,
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@Misc{TIMIT,
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  year =         "1990",
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@InProceedings{tobi,
  author =       "K. Silverman and M. E. Beckman and J. Pitrelli and M.
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  key =          "Silverman \& Beckman \& Pitrelli \& Ostendorf \&
                 Wightman \& Price \& Pierrehumbert \& Hirschberg",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
  title =        "{ToBI}: a standard for labelling {E}nglish prosody",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "867--870",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{tobi_comparison,
  author =       "John F. Pitrelli and Mary E. Beckman and Julia
                 Hirschberg",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
  title =        "Evaluation of prosodic transcription labeling
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  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "123--126",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{Tocq,
  author =       "Alexis de Tocqueville",
  title =        "Democracy in America",
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@book{tomasello-03,
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@Article{Tomita,
  author =       "Masaru Tomita",
  title =        "An efficient augmented context-free parsing
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  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
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  pages =        "31--46",
  year =         "1987",
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@InProceedings{Touretzky90,
  author =       "David S. Touretzky and Gillette {Elvgren, III} and
                 Deirdre W. Wheeler",
  booktitle =    cogsci:90,
  title =        "Phonological Rule Induction: An Architectural
                 Solution",
  pages =        "348--355",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Touretzky90-nips,
  author =       "David S. Touretzky and Deirdre W. Wheeler",
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  pages =        "372--379",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InProceedings{Touretzky:89d,
  author =       "David S. Touretzky",
  booktitle =    cogsci:89,
  title =        "Towards a Connectionist Phonology: The `Many Maps'
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  address =      "University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.",
  pages =        "188--195",
  year =         "1989",
}

@TechReport{Touretzky:90a,
  author =       "David S. Touretzky and Deirdre W. Wheeler and Gillette
                 {Elvgren, III}",
  title =        "Rules and Maps {II}: Progress in Connectionist Symbol
                 Processing",
  number =       "CMU-CS-90-112",
  institution =  "School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                 University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, Pa.",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1990",
}

@TechReport{Touretzky:90b,
  author =       "David S. Touretzky and Deirdre W. Wheeler and Gillette
                 {Elvgren III}",
  title =        "Rules and Maps {III}: Further Progress in
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  number =       "CMU-CS-90-138",
  institution =  "School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
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  address =      "Pittsburgh, Pa.",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
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@InProceedings{toutanova-acl05,
  author    = {Toutanova, Kristina  and  Haghighi, Aria  and  Manning, Christopher},
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  year      = {2005},
  pages     = {589--596},
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@InProceedings{toutanova-acl08,
  author    = {Toutanova, Kristina  and  Suzuki, Hisami  and  Ruopp, Achim},
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  month     = {June},
  year      = {2008},
  address   = {Columbus, Ohio},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {514--522},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P08/P08-1059}
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@InProceedings{toutanova-naacl07,
  author    = {Toutanova, Kristina  and  Suzuki, Hisami},
  title     = {Generating Case Markers in Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Proceedings of the Main Conference},
  month     = {April},
  year      = {2007},
  address   = {Rochester, New York},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
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}


@InCollection{trace,
  author =       "James L. McClelland and Jeffrey L. Elman",
  editor =       "James L. McClelland and David E. Rumelhart and the PDP
                 Research Group",
  booktitle =    "Parallel Distributed Processing Volume 2:
                 Psychological and Biological Models",
  title =        "Interactive Processes in Speech Perception: The
                 {TRACE} model",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "58--121",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Article{Traill70,
  author =       "A. Traill",
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@TechReport{trains93a,
  author =       "Peter A. Heeman and James F. Allen",
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  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{TraumAllen94,
  author =       "David R. Traum and James Allen",
  booktitle =    ACL94,
  title =        "Discourse Obligations in Dialogue Processing",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Las Cruces, NM",
  pages =        "1--8",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{TraumHeeman:96,
  author =       "David Traum and Peter A. Heeman",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
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  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "1884--1887",
  year =         "1996",
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@Article{TraumHink,
  author =       "David R. Traum and Elizabeth A. Hinkelman",
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  number =       "3",
  year =         "1992",
}

@Unpublished{TREC8,
  author =       "Ellen M. Voorhees and Donna Harman",
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  year =         "1999",
  note =         "Available as
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@Unpublished{Treceval,
  author =       "Ellen M. Voorhees and Dawn M. Tice",
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@Article{treebank,
  author =       "Mitchell P. Marcus and Beatrice Santorini and Mary Ann
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  title =        "Building a Large Annotated Corpus of {E}nglish: {T}he
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  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "313--330",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
}

@Unpublished{treebank-manual,
  author =       "Ann Bies and Mark Ferguson and Karen Katz and Robert
                 MacIntyre",
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  month =        jan,
  year =         "1995",
  note =         "Penn Treebank Project",
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@Book{Treebank3,
  author =       "Mitchell P. Marcus and Beatrice Santorini and Mary Ann
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  publisher =    "Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC)",
  year =         "1999",
  note =         "Catalog \#LDC99T42",
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@Article{Tru91,
  author =       "John C. Trueswell and Michael K. Tanenhaus",
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  journal =      "Language and Cognitive Processes",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "303--338",
  year =         "1991",
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@Book{Trubetskoi,
  author =       "Nikolai Sergeevich Trubetskoi",
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  year =         "1939",
  note =         "Available in 1969 {E}nglish translation by Christiane
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@Article{Trueswell96,
  author =       "John C. Trueswell",
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  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
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  pages =        "566--585",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InCollection{TruTan94,
  author =       "John C. Trueswell and Michael K. Tanenhaus",
  editor =       "Charles {Clifton, Jr.} and Lyn Frazier and Keith
                 Rayner",
  booktitle =    "Perspectives on Sentence Processing",
  title =        "Toward a Lexicalist Framework for Constraint-Based
                 Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution",
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "155--179",
  year =         "1994",
  editors =      "Clifton, Jr, Charles and Lyn Frazier and Keith
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  publisher =    LEA,
}

@Article{TruTanGar94,
  author =       "John C. Trueswell and Michael K. Tanenhaus and Susan
                 M. Garnsey",
  title =        "Semantic Influences on Parsing: {U}se of of Thematic
                 Role Information in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution",
  journal =      "Journal of Memory and Language",
  volume =       "33",
  pages =        "285--318",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{TruTanKel93,
  author =       "John C. Trueswell and Michael K. Tanenhaus and
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  title =        "Verb-specific constraints in sentence processing:
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  journal =      "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory
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  year =         "1993",
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@InProceedings{turian-nips06,
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 title="Scalable Discriminative Learning for Natural Language Parsing and Translation",
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@Article{Turing36,
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  year =         "1936",
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@Article{Tversky:74,
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@Article{Twaddell35,
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  year =         "1935",
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@Article{Tyl84,
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  number =       "5",
  pages =        "417--427",
  year =         "1984",
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@InCollection{Tyl89,
  author =       "Lorraine K. Tyler",
  editor =       "William Marslen-Wilson",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Representation and Process",
  title =        "The Role of Lexical Representations in Language
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  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "439--462",
  year =         "1989",
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@Article{Tyler84,
  author =       "L. K. Tyler",
  title =        "The Structure of the Initial Cohort",
  journal =      "Perception and Psychophysics",
  volume =       "36",
  pages =        "415--427",
  year =         "1984",
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@InCollection{TylMar82,
  author =       "Lorraine K. Tyler and William Marslen-Wilson",
  editor =       "Jacques Mehler and Edward C. T. Walker and Merrill
                 Garrett",
  booktitle =    "Perspectives on mental representation.",
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  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "Hillsdale, NJ",
  pages =        "169--184",
  year =         "1982",
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@Article{Ulv60,
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  year =         "1960",
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@article{UnoYag00,
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@Book{Usher54,
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@InProceedings{Usz,
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  year =         "1986",
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@InCollection{Vaissiere:83,
  author =       "Jacqueline Vaissi{\`e}re",
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  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin",
  pages =        "53--66",
  year =         "1983",
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@InCollection{Vaissiere:88,
  author =       "J. Vaissi{\`e}re",
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  title =        "The Use of Prosodic Parameters in Automatic Speech
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  volume =       "46",
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  address =      "Berlin",
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@article{valiant75,
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@Unpublished{Van99,
  author =       "Robert D. {van Valin, Jr.}",
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@InProceedings{VanderLinden90,
  author =       "Eric-Jan van der Linden and Wessel Kraaij",
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  year =         "1990",
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@Article{VanderLinden92,
  author =       "Eric-Jan van der Linden",
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  pages =        "219--238",
  year =         "1992",
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@InProceedings{vanHeuvenEtAl:97,
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  booktitle =    "{ESCA} Workshop on {Intonation: Theory, Models and
                 Applications}",
  title =        "Perceptual Identification of Sentence Type and the
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  year =         "1997",
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@InProceedings{VanNoord,
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  author =       "Robert D. {Van Valin}",
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  year =         "1993",
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@Book{Veb,
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@Conference{veilleux:90,
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@Article{Velichko,
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@InProceedings{Vennemann,
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@Article{VerbruggeEtal76,
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@article{vijayshanker93,
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@Article{Vintsyuk,
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@Article{Vitale,
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@Article{Viterbi,
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@Book{vneumann,
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@Book{vonh,
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  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  year =         "1836/1988",
  note =         "Translated by Peter Heath. Originally published as the
                 introduction to the author's {\em \"{U}ber die
                 Kavi-Sprache auf der Insel Java (1836--1840)} and also
                 issued separately with the title {\em \"{U}ber die
                 Verschiedenheit des Menschlichen Sprachbaues und ihren
                 Einfluss auf die geistige Entwickelung des
                 Menchengeschlechts}",
}

@InCollection{Vou95,
  author =       "Atro Voutilainen",
  editor =       "Fred Karlsson and Atro Voutilainen and Juha
                 Heikkil{\"{a}} and Arto Anttila",
  booktitle =    "Constraint Grammar: {A} Language-Independent System
                 for Parsing Unrestricted Text",
  title =        "Morphological Disambiguation",
  publisher =    "Mouton de Gruyter",
  address =      "Berlin",
  pages =        "165--284",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{voyager,
  author =       "Victor Zue and James Glass and David Goodine and Hong
                 Leung and Michael Phillips and Joseph Polifroni and
                 Stephanie Seneff",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "Integration of Speech Recognition and Natural Language
                 Processing in the {MIT} {\sc VOYAGER} System",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "I.713--716",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Article{Wagner74,
  author =       "Robert A. Wagner and Michael J. Fischer",
  title =        "The String-to-String Correction Problem",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "168--173",
  year =         "1974",
  journal =      JACM,
}

@Article{wahlster,
  author =       "Wolfgang Wahlster",
  title =        "One word says more than a thousand pictures. {O}n the
                 automatic verbalization of the results of image
                 sequence analysis systems",
  journal =      "Computers and Artificial Intelligence",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "479--492",
  year =         "1989",
}

@InCollection{Waibel-jain,
  author =       "Ajay N. Jain and Alex H. Waibel",
  editor =       "Masaru Tomita",
  booktitle =    "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
  title =        "Parsing with Connectionist Networks",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =      "Boston",
  pages =        "243--260",
  year =         "1991",
}

@Book{Waibel88,
  author =       "Alex Waibel",
  title =        "Prosody and Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA.",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{Waibel:88,
  author =       "A. Waibel",
  title =        "Prosody and Speech Recognition",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "San Mateo, CA",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Article{WaibelEtAl89,
  author =       "A. Waibel and T. Hanazawa and G. Hinton and K. Shikano
                 and K. Lang",
  title =        "Phoneme recognition using time-delay neural networks",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans. on ASSP",
  volume =       "37",
  pages =        "328--339",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{Wakita77,
  author =       "H. Wakita",
  title =        "Normalization of Vowels by Vocal-Tract Length and its
                 Application to Vowel Identification",
  journal =      "IEEE ASSP",
  volume =       "25-2",
  year =         "1977",
}

@InCollection{WaldShopen,
  author =       "Benji Wald and Timpthy Shopen",
  editor =       "Timothy Shopen and Joseph M. Williams",
  booktitle =    "Style and Variables in {E}nglish",
  title =        "A Researcher's Guide to the Sociolinguistic Variable
                 ({ING})",
  publisher =    "Winthrop Publishers",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "219--249",
  year =         "1981",
}

@InCollection{Walker96,
  author =       "Marilyn A. Walker and Ellen F. Prince",
  editor =       "T. Fretheim and J. Gundel",
  booktitle =    "Reference and Referent Accessibility",
  title =        "A Bilateral Approach to Givenness: {A} Hearer-Status
                 Algorithm and a Centering Algorithm",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "291--306",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Article{WalPol84a,
  author =       "David L. Waltz and Jordan B. Pollack",
  title =        "Massively parallel parsing: {A} strongly interactive
                 model of natural language interpretation",
  journal =      "Cognitive Science",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--74",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{WalPol84b,
  author =       "David L. Waltz and Jordan B. Pollack",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial
                 Intelligence",
  title =        "Phenomenologically plausible parsing",
  address =      "Austin, TX",
  pages =        "335--339",
  year =         "1984",
}

@InProceedings{WalWhi90,
  author =       "Marilyn A. Walker and Steve Whittaker",
  booktitle =    ACL90,
  title =        "Mixed initiative in dialogue: {A}n investigation into
                 discourse segmentation",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA",
  pages =        "70--78",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Article{Wan80,
  author =       "Eric Wanner",
  title =        "The {ATN} and the {S}ausage {M}achine: {W}hich one is
                 baloney",
  journal =      "Cognition",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "209--226",
  year =         "1980",
}

@InProceedings{Wang-acl97,
   author="Ye-Yi Wang and Alex Waibel",
   title="Decoding Algorithm in Statistical Machine Translation",
   booktitle="35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
   year="1997",
   url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P97/P97-1047.pdf",
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Wang02latent,
    author = {Shaojun Wang and Dale Schuurmans and Yunxin Zhao},
    title = {The latent maximum entropy principle},
    booktitle = {In Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT-02)},
    year = {2002},
    url="http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~dale/papers/isit02.ps.gz"
}

@Article{WangBilger73,
  author =       "M. D. Wang and R. C. Bilger",
  title =        "Consonant Confusions in Noise: {A} Study of Perceptual
                 Features",
  journal =      jasa,
  volume =       "54",
  pages =        "1248--1266",
  year =         "1973",
}

@article{wang-cl10,
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 title = {Re-structuring, re-labeling, and re-aligning for syntax-based machine translation},
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 publisher = {MIT Press},
 address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
} 

@InProceedings{wang-knight-marcu:07,
  author    = {Wang, Wei  and  Knight, Kevin  and  Marcu, Daniel},
  title     = {Binarizing Syntax Trees to Improve Syntax-Based Machine Translation Accuracy},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)},
  pages     = {746--754},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D07/D07-1078},
  year=2007,
}

@PhDThesis{wang98grammar,
   author    = "Ye{-}yi Wang",
   title     = "Grammar Inference and Statistical Machine Translation",
   year      = 1998,
   school   = "Carnegie Melon University"
}

@InCollection{WanMar78,
  author =       "Eric Wanner and Michael Maratsos",
  editor =       "Morris Halle and Joan Bresnan and George A. Miller",
  booktitle =    "Linguistic Theory and Psychological Reality",
  title =        "An {ATN} approach to comprehension",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA",
  pages =        "119--161",
  year =         "1978",
}

@InProceedings{Ward91,
  author =       "Wayne H. Ward",
  booktitle =    icassp91,
  title =        "Understanding Spontaneous Speech: The {P}hoenix
                 System",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "I.365--372",
  year =         "1991",
}

@InProceedings{Ward:90,
  author =       "Nigel Ward",
  booktitle =    cogsci:90,
  title =        "A Connectionist Treatment of Grammar for Generation",
  address =      "MIT, Cambridge, Mass.",
  pages =        "380--387",
  year =         "1990",
}

@PhdThesis{Ward:91,
  author =       "Nigel Ward",
  title =        "A Flexible, Parallel Model of Natural Language
                 Generation",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1991",
  note =         "Available as University of California at Berkeley
                 Computer Science Division Technical Report
                 \#UCB/CSD/91/629",
}

@Book{Ward:94,
  author =       "Nigel Ward",
  title =        "A Connectionist Language Generator",
  publisher =    "Ablex",
  address =      "Norwood, NJ",
  year =         "1994",
}

@InProceedings{Ward:97,
  author =       "Kevin Markey and Wayne Ward",
  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-97",
  title =        "Lexical Tuning based on Triphone confidence
                 estimation",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "2479--2482",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{WardHirsch85,
  author =       "Gregory Ward and Julia Hirschberg",
  title =        "Implicating uncertainty: {T}he pragmatics of fall-rise
                 intonation",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "61",
  pages =        "747--776",
  year =         "1985",
}

@InProceedings{WardPellom00,
  author =       "Wayne Ward and Bryan Pellom",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Workshop on Automatic
                 Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
  title =        "The {C}{U} {C}ommunicator System",
  address =      "Keystone, Colorado",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{warlpiri,
  author =       "Ken Hale",
  title =        "Warlpiri and the Grammar of Non-Configurational
                 Languages",
  journal =      "Natural Language \& Linguistic Theory",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--47",
  year =         "1983",
}

@article{AbeW92,
  author    = {Naoki Abe and
               Manfred K. Warmuth},
  title     = {On the Computational Complexity of Approximating Distributions
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  journal   = {Machine Learning},
  volume    = {9},
  year      = {1992},
  pages     = {205-260},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@InProceedings{Warnke:97,
  author =       "V. Warnke and R. Kompe and H. Niemann and E.
                 N{\"o}th",
  booktitle =    eurospeech97,
  title =        "Integrated dialog act segmentation and classification
                 using prosodic features and language models",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "207--210",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{Warren70,
  author =       "R. M. Warren",
  title =        "Perceptual restoration of missing speech sounds",
  journal =      "Science",
  volume =       "167",
  pages =        "392--393",
  year =         "1970",
}

@InProceedings{WasSagNun83,
  author =       "Tom Wasow and Ivan A. Sag and Geoff Nunberg",
  editor =       "S. Hattori and K. Inoue",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {XIIIth} {I}nternational {C}ongress
                 of {L}inguistics",
  title =        "Idioms: {A}n interim report",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{Waugh,
  author =       "Linda R. Waugh",
  title =        "The Semantics and Paradigmatics of Word Order",
  journal =      "Language",
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--107",
  year =         "1976",
}

@TechReport{Web88,
  author =       "David J. Weber and H. Andrew Black and Stephen R.
                 McConnel",
  title =        "{AMPLE}: {A} Tool for Exploring Morphology",
  number =       "Occasional Publications in Academic Computing No. 12",
  institution =  "Summer Institute of Linguistics",
  address =      "Dallas",
  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{Weber93,
  author =       "Elizabeth G. Weber",
  title =        "Varieties of Questions in {E}nglish Conversation",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{Weber:93,
  author =       "Elizabeth Weber",
  title =        "Varieties of Questions in {E}nglish Conversation",
  publisher =    "John Benjamins",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  year =         "1993",
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@Article{WeberMann81,
  author =       "David J. Weber and William C. Mann",
  title =        "Prospects for computer-assisted dialect adaptation",
  journal =      "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "165--177",
  year =         "1981",
  note =         "Abridged from Summer Instititute of Linguistics {\em
                 Notes on Linguistics} Special Publication 1, 1979",
}

@Article{Wei,
  author =       "Ralph Weischedel and Marie Meteer and Richard Schwartz
                 and Lance A. Ramshaw and Jeff Palmucci",
  title =        "Coping with Ambiguity and Unknown Words through
                 Probabilistic Models",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "359--382",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
}

@InProceedings{WeinBern88,
  author =       "M. Weintraub and J. Bernstein",
  booktitle =    DARPA,
  pages =        "44--48",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1988",
  note =         "Report No. SAIC-87/1644",
  title =        "{RULE}: {A} System for Constructing Recognition
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}

@InProceedings{Weintraub:96,
  author =       "Mitch Weintraub and Kelsey Taussig and Kate
                 Hunicke-Smith and Amy Snodgras",
  booktitle =    icslp96,
  title =        "Effect of Speaking Style on {LVCSR} Performance",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =        "16--19",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{WeintraubEtal89,
  author =       "M. Weintraub and H. Murveit and M. Cohen and P. Price
                 and J. Bernstein and G. Baldwin and D. Bell",
  booktitle =    icassp89,
  title =        "Linguistic Constraints in Hidden {Markov} Model Based
                 Speech Recognition",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =        "651--654",
  year =         "1988",
}

@article{weir92,
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@InProceedings{Wellington-06,
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 booktitle=ACL06,
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@Article{Wells,
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@Book{wells:book,
  author =       "John C. Wells",
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  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  year =         "1982",
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@Book{wells:dict,
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  address =      "London",
  year =         "1990",
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@Book{Wes53,
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  address =      "London",
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@InProceedings{Wesenick:94,
  author =       "Maria-Barbara Wesenick and Florian Schiel",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
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  pages =        "279--282",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Book{wfdt,
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  title =        "Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things",
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@Article{Whalen84,
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  year =         "1984",
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@Article{Whaley78,
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  year =         "1978",
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@InProceedings{WhiFerBru90,
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  year =         "1990",
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@Article{Wickelgren69,
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  year =         "1994",
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@Book{Wil,
  author =       "Robert Wilensky",
  title =        "Planning and Understanding",
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  address =      "Reading, MA",
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@Book{Wil83,
  author =       "Robert Wilensky",
  title =        "Planning and Understanding",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, MA",
  year =         "1983",
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@InProceedings{Wilensky80,
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  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
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  month =        june,
  year =         "1980",
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@InCollection{Wilensky86,
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  editor =       "Janet L. Kolodner and Christopher K. Riebeck",
  booktitle =    "Experience, Memory, and Reasoning",
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                 Representation",
  publisher =    LEA,
  address =      "New Jersey",
  pages =        "15--28",
  year =         "1986",
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@Article{Wilensky88,
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  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "35--84",
  year =         "1988",
  keywords =     "parsing, syntax, semantics, semantic interpretation,
                 ambiguity, uc, consultant systems, dialog systems, user
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@InProceedings{Wilensky90,
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  booktitle =    COLING90,
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  pages =        "407--412",
  year =         "1990",
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@Article{wilks-ai,
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  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--74",
  year =         "1975",
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@InCollection{Wilks-semantics,
  author =       "Yorick Wilks",
  editor =       "Edward L. Keenan",
  booktitle =    "The Formal Semantics of Natural Language",
  title =        "Preference semantics",
  publisher =    "Cambridge Univ. Press",
  address =      "Cambridge",
  pages =        "329--350",
  year =         "1975",
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@Article{Wilks75,
  author =       "Yorick Wilks",
  title =        "An Intelligent Analyzer and Understander of
                 {E}nglish",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "264--274",
  year =         "1975",
  journal =      CACM,
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@InCollection{Wilks83,
  author =       "Yorick Wilks",
  editor =       "Margaret King",
  booktitle =    "Parsing Natural Language",
  title =        "Deep and superficial parsing",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "London",
  pages =        "219--246",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InProceedings{Wilks85,
  author =       "Yorick Wilks and Xiuming Huang and Dan Fass",
  booktitle =    IJCAI85,
  title =        "Syntax, Preference and Right Attachment",
  pages =        "779--784",
  year =         "1985",
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@Book{Win83,
  author =       "Terry Winograd",
  title =        "Language as a Cognitive Process: {V}olume 1 Syntax",
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  year =         "1983",
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@Article{Wingfield,
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  volume =       "81",
  pages =        "226--234",
  year =         "1968",
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@Book{Wise57,
  author =       "Claude M Wise",
  title =        "Applied Phonetics",
  publisher =    "Prentice-Hall, Inc.",
  year =         "1957",
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@Book{Withgott93,
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  year =         "1993",
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@Book{Witten82,
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  title =        "Principles of Computer Speech",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1982",
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%[8] 1997 Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition Summer Research
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%    (SWBD-DAMSL) Labeling System. To appear in 1997 LVCSR Summer Research
%    Workshop Technical Reports, Johns Hopkins University.
%    URL: http://stripe.colorado.edu/~jurafsky/manual.[date].html
%

@Article{WittenBell,
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  year =         "1991",
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@Unpublished{Wolff96,
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  year =         "1993",
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@Article{Wolfowitz44,
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  journal =      "Annals of Mathematical Statistics",
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  year =         "1944",
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@Book{Wolfram69,
  author =       "Walter A. Wolfram",
  title =        "A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro
                 Speech",
  publisher =    "Center for Applied Linguistics",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  year =         "1969",
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@InCollection{Woo73,
  author =       "William A. Woods",
  editor =       "Randall Rustin",
  booktitle =    "Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "An experimental parsing system for transition network
                 grammars",
  publisher =    "Algorithmics Press",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "111--154",
  year =         "1973",
}

@Article{Woods70,
  author =       "William A. Woods",
  title =        "Transition network grammars for natural language
                 analysis",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "591--606",
  year =         "1970",
  journal =      CACM,
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@InCollection{Woods78,
  author =       "William A. Woods",
  editor =       "M. Yovits",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Computers",
  title =        "Semantics and Quantification in Natural Language
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  publisher =    "Academic",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "2--64",
  year =         "1978",
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@Article{Woods:82,
  author =       "W. A. Woods",
  title =        "Optimal Search Strategies for Speech Understanding
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  journal =      ai,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "295--326",
  year =         "1982",
  annnote =      "Reprinted in \cite{read:ai}, pp.~30--68",
  annote =       "Reprinted in \cite{read:ai}, pp.~30--68",
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@TechReport{Wooters90,
  author =       "C. Wooters and N. Morgan",
  title =        "Speech Segmentation and Labeling on the Ne{XT}
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  number =       "TR-90-002",
  institution =  icsi,
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1990",
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@InProceedings{Wooters92a,
  author =       "C.\ Wooters and N.\ Morgan",
  booktitle =    icslp92,
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  address =      "Banff, Canada",
  pages =        "1551--1554",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
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@InProceedings{Wooters92b,
  author =       "C. Wooters and N. Morgan",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for
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  title =        "Connectionist-Based Acoustic Word Models",
  address =      "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  pages =        "157--163",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1992",
}

@PhdThesis{Wooters:93,
  author =       "Charles C. Wooters",
  title =        "Lexical Modeling in a Speaker Independent Speech
                 Understanding System",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "Available as ICSI TR-92-062",
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@InProceedings{Wooters:mp-icslp,
  author =       "Chuck Wooters and Andreas Stolcke",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
  title =        "Multiple-pronunciation Lexical Modeling in a
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  address =      "Yokohama, Japan",
  pages =        "1363--1366",
  year =         "1994",
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@Book{wordnet,
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@InCollection{wordnetz,
  author =       "Richard Beckwith and Christiane Fellbaum and Derek
                 Gross and George A. Miller",
  editor =       "Uri Zernik",
  booktitle =    "Lexical Acquisition",
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  publisher =    LEA,
  pages =        "211--232",
  year =         "1991",
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@InProceedings{WosWai94,
  author =       "M. Woszczyna and A. Waibel",
  booktitle =    icslp94,
  title =        "Inferring Linguistic Structure in Spoken Language",
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  pages =        "847--850",
  year =         "1994",
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@InProceedings{Woszczyna93,
  author =       "M. Woszczyna and N. Coccaro and A. Eisele and A. Lavie
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                 Rose and T. Sloboda and M. Tomita and J. Tsutsumi and
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  booktitle =    "EUROSPEECH-93",
  title =        "Recent Advances in {JANUS}: {A} Speech Translation
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  pages =        "1295",
  year =         "1993",
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@InProceedings{Woszczyna94,
  author =       "M. Woszczyna and N. Aoki-Waibel and F. D. Buo and N.
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                 A. McNair and T. Polzin and I. Rogina and C. P. Rose
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  booktitle =    icassp94,
  title =        "Towards spontaneous speech translation",
  organization = "IEEE",
  address =      "Adelaide, Australia",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{WriGar84,
  author =       "Barton Wright and Merrill Garrett",
  title =        "Lexical decision in sentences: {E}ffects of syntactic
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  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--45",
  year =         "1984",
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@Article{Wright:90,
  author =       "J. H. Wright",
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  pages =        "297--323",
  year =         "1990",
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@InProceedings{Wright:98,
  author =       "Helen Wright",
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  address =      "Sydney",
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  year =         "1998",
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@TechReport{WS96,
  title =        "1996 Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition
                 Summer Research Workshop Technical Reports",
  type =         "Research Note",
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  institution =  "Center for Language and Speech Processing, Johns
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@TechReport{WS96:dependency,
  author =       "A. Stolcke and C. Chelba and D. Engle and V. Jimenez
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                 Rosenfeld and D. Wu and F. Jelinek and S. Khudanpur",
  title =        "Dependency Language Modeling",
  crossref =     "WS96",
  type =         "Summer Workshop Final Report",
  institution =  "Center for Language and Speech Processing, Johns
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  year =         "1996",
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@Unpublished{WSJ,
  author =       "Linguistic Data Consortium",
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  year =         "1995",
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@Manual{wsj0,
  author =       "LDC",
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  year =         "1993",
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@Unpublished{WSJ0ref,
  author =       "NIST",
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  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "National Institute of Standards and Technology Speech
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@InProceedings{Wu,
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  year =         "1989",
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@InProceedings{Wu90,
  author =       "Dekai Wu",
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  address =      "Helsinki",
  year =         "1990",
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@PhdThesis{Wu92-thesis,
  author =       "Dekai Wu",
  title =        "Automatic Inference: {A} Probabilistic Basis for
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  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1992",
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@InProceedings{Wu-acl96,
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  pages     = {152--158},
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@InProceedings{Wu98,
  author =       "Dekai Wu and Hongsing Wong",
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@InProceedings{WuFung-naacl09,
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@Book{Wundt1900,
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@InProceedings{xHatzivassiloglou&al99,
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                 Very Large Corpora",
  title =        "Detecting Text Similarity over Short Passages:\
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@InProceedings{xMcKeown&al99,
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  title =        "Towards Multidocument Summarization by Reformulation:\
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@Article{Yaeger98,
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@InProceedings{Yamaoka91,
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@InProceedings{YamaokaIida:91,
  author =       "Takayuki Yamaoka and Hitoshi Iida",
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  year =         "1991",
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@InProceedings{Yan95,
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@incollection {NIPS2003_AA37,
  author = "Chen Yanover and  Yair Weiss",
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@InProceedings{Yarowsky92,
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  year =         "1992",
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@InProceedings{Yarowsky:94,
author="David Yarowsky",
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@InProceedings{Yarowsky95,
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  year =         "1995",
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@InProceedings{Yarowsky-naacl01,
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@InProceedings{yi-loper-2007,
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@InProceedings{yi-palmer-conll05,
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%
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@InProceedings{YoshimuraEtAl:96,
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@Article{You67,
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@InProceedings{YoungRounds93,
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@Article{YouWoo94,
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@InProceedings{Zav97,
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@InCollection{ZecInk,
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@Article{ShapiroStephens91,
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@InProceedings{Zens-acl03,
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@inproceedings{Zettlemoyer-uai05,
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@inproceedings{Zettlemoyer-acl09,
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@InProceedings{Zho98,
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@Book{Zimmer,
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@Article{Zipf,
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@Article{Zue1989,
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@InProceedings{Zuearpa89,
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@InProceedings{ZueEtal90,
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@Article{Zwi89,
  author =       "Pienie Zwitserlood",
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@Article{Zwicker1961,
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@Article{Zwicky70,
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@InProceedings{Zwicky72a,
  author =       "A. Zwicky",
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  year =         "1972",
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@InCollection{Zwicky72b,
  author =       "Arnold Zwicky",
  editor =       "Robert P. Stockwell and Ronald K. S. Macaulay",
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  year =         "1972",
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@InProceedings{Zwicky87,
  author =       "Arnold Zwicky",
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  pages =        "389--401",
  year =         "1987",
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@InProceedings{Zwicky89,
  author =       "Arnold Zwicky",
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  title =        "What's become of derivations? {D}efaults and
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  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  year =         "1989",
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@InProceedings{Zwicky:78,
  author =       "Arnold Zwicky",
  booktitle =    CLS78,
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  address =      "Chicago",
  pages =        "503--512",
  year =         "1978",
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@Proceedings{aaai:80,
  key =          "AAAI",
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  title =        aaai:80,
  address =      "Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1980",
}

@Proceedings{aaai:82,
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    aaai:82,
  title =        aaai:82,
  address =      "Carnegie-Mellon University, University of Pittsburgh,
                 Pittsburgh, Pa.",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1982",
}

@Proceedings{aaai:83,
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    aaai:83,
  title =        aaai:83,
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1983",
}

@Proceedings{aaai:84,
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    aaai:84,
  title =        aaai:84,
  address =      "University of Texas, Austin, Tex.",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1984",
}

@Proceedings{aaai:86,
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    aaai:86,
  title =        aaai:86,
  address =      "Philadelphia, Pa.",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
}

@Proceedings{aaai:87,
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    aaai:87,
  title =        aaai:87,
  address =      "Seattle, Wash.",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
}

@Proceedings{aaai:88,
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    aaai:88,
  title =        aaai:88,
  address =      "Saint Paul, Minn.",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1988",
}

@Proceedings{aaai:90,
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    aaai:90,
  title =        aaai:90,
  address =      "Boston, Mass.",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
}

@Proceedings{aaai:92,
  key =          "AAAI",
  booktitle =    aaai:92,
  title =        aaai:92,
  publisher =    "AAAI Press",
  address =      "San Jose, CA",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
}

@Proceedings{acl:80,
  key =          "ACL",
  booktitle =    acl:80,
  title =        acl:80,
  address =      "Philadelphia, Pa.",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
}

@Proceedings{acl:85,
  key =          "ACL",
  booktitle =    acl:85,
  title =        acl:85,
  address =      "University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
}

@Proceedings{acl:91,
  key =          "ACL",
  booktitle =    acl:91,
  title =        acl:91,
  address =      "University of California, Berkeley, Ca.",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1991",
}

@Proceedings{acl:92,
  key =          "ACL",
  booktitle =    acl:92,
  title =        acl:92,
  address =      "University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware",
  month =        jun # "/" # jul,
  year =         "1992",
}

@Proceedings{acl:93,
  key =          "ACL",
  booktitle =    acl:93,
  title =        acl:93,
  address =      "Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1993",
}

@Proceedings{acl:94,
  key =          "ACL",
  booktitle =    acl:94,
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  address =      "New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM",
  month =        jun,
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}

@Proceedings{cogsci:82,
  key =          "COGSCI",
  booktitle =    cogsci:82,
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  address =      "Ann Arbor, Mich.",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1982",
}

@Proceedings{cogsci:86,
  key =          "COGSCI",
  booktitle =    cogsci:86,
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  address =      "Amherst, Mass.",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
}

@Proceedings{cogsci:87,
  key =          "COGSCI",
  booktitle =    cogsci:87,
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  address =      "Seattle, Wash.",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
}

@Proceedings{cogsci:88,
  key =          "COGSCI",
  booktitle =    cogsci:88,
  title =        cogsci:88,
  address =      "Montreal, Quebec, Canada",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1988",
}

@Proceedings{cogsci:89,
  key =          "COGSCI",
  booktitle =    cogsci:89,
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  month =        aug,
  year =         "1989",
}

@Proceedings{cogsci:90,
  key =          "COGSCI",
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  month =        jul,
  year =         "1990",
}

@Proceedings{cogsci:91,
  key =          "COGSCI",
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  year =         "1991",
}

@Proceedings{cogsci:92,
  key =          "COGSCI",
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  year =         "1992",
}

@Proceedings{coling:84,
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  month =        jul,
  year =         "1984",
}

@Proceedings{coling:86,
  key =          "COLING",
  booktitle =    coling:86,
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  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
}

@Proceedings{coling:90,
  editor =       "Hans Karlgren",
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  month =        aug,
  year =         "1990",
}

@Proceedings{coling:92,
  key =          "COLING",
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}

@Proceedings{eurospeech:91,
  key =          "EUROSPEECH",
  booktitle =    eurospeech:91,
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  month =        sep,
  year =         "1991",
}

@Proceedings{eurospeech:93,
  key =          "EUROSPEECH",
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  month =        sep,
  year =         "1993",
}

@Proceedings{eurospeech:95,
  editor =       "J. M. Pardo and E. Enr{\'i}quez and J. Ortega and J.
                 Ferreiros and J. Mac{\'i}as and F. J. Valverde",
  key =          "EUROSPEECH",
  booktitle =    eurospeech:95,
  title =        eurospeech:95,
  address =      "Madrid",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1995",
}

@Proceedings{eurospeech:99,
  key =          "EUROSPEECH",
  booktitle =    eurospeech:99,
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  year =         "1999",
}

@Book{expl:ai,
  editor =       "Howard E. Shrobe and {The American Association of
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  booktitle =    "Exploring Artificial Intelligence: Survey Talks from
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}

@Book{hand:ai,
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  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
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  year =         "1986",
  annote =       "\copyright William Kaufmann, 1982",
}

@Book{hlt:93,
  key =          "{HLT}",
  booktitle =    hlt,
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  address =      "Plainsboro, N.J.",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
}

@Book{hlt:94,
  key =          "{HLT}",
  booktitle =    hlt,
  title =        hlt,
  address =      "Plainsboro, N.J.",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1994",
}

@Proceedings{icassp:86,
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  month =        apr,
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}

@Proceedings{icassp:87,
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}

@Proceedings{icassp:90,
  key =          "ICASSP",
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  month =        apr,
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}

@Proceedings{icassp:91,
  key =          "ICASSP",
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}

@Proceedings{icassp:92,
  key =          "ICASSP",
  booktitle =    icassp,
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}

@Proceedings{icslp:92,
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  month =        oct,
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}

@Proceedings{icslp:94,
  key =          "ICSLP",
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  address =      "Yokohama",
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}

@Proceedings{icslp:96,
  editor =       "H. Timothy Bunnell and William Idsardi",
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}

@Proceedings{ijcai:73,
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@Proceedings{ijcai:75,
  key =          "IJCAI",
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}

@Proceedings{ijcai:77,
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@Proceedings{ijcai:79,
  key =          "IJCAI",
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}

@Proceedings{ijcai:81,
  key =          "IJCAI",
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                 Canada",
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  year =         "1981",
}

@Proceedings{ijcai:83,
  key =          "IJCAI",
  booktitle =    ijcai:83,
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  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
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  year =         "1983",
}

@Proceedings{ijcai:85,
  key =          "IJCAI",
  booktitle =    ijcai:85,
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  year =         "1985",
}

@Proceedings{ijcai:87,
  key =          "IJCAI",
  booktitle =    ijcai:87,
  title =        ijcai:87,
  address =      "Milan, Italy",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1987",
}

@Proceedings{ijcai:89,
  key =          "IJCAI",
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}

@Proceedings{ijcai:91,
  key =          "IJCAI",
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}

@Proceedings{MUC-7,
  editor =       "{Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}",
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@Book{Niemann:88,
  editor =       "H. Niemann and M. Lang and G. Sagerer",
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  volume =       "F46",
  publisher =    "Springer Verlag",
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  year =         "1988",
  note =         "Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Bad
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  series =       "NATO Advanced Sciences Institutes Series",
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@Book{nips:2,
  editor =       "David S. Touretzky",
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  year =         "1990",
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@Book{nips:4,
  editor =       "John E. Moody and Steve J. Hanson and Richard P.
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  year =         "1992",
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@Book{nips:5,
  editor =       "Stephen Jos{\'e} Hanson and Jack D. Cowan and C. Lee
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@Book{nips:6,
  editor =       "Jack Cowan and Gerald Tesauro and Joshua Alspector",
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@Book{pdp:1,
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  volume =       "1:~{\em Foundations}",
  publisher =    "Bradford Books (MIT Press)",
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  year =         "1986",
}

@Book{pdp:2,
  author =       "James L. McClelland and David E. Rumelhart and {The
                 PDP Research Group}",
  editor =       "James L. McClelland and David E. Rumelhart",
  booktitle =    "Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the
                 Microstructure of Cognition",
  title =        "Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the
                 Microstructure of Cognition",
  volume =       "2:~{\em Psychological and Biological Models}",
  publisher =    "Bradford Books (MIT Press)",
  address =      "Cambridge, Mass.",
  year =         "1986",
}

@Book{read:ai,
  editor =       "Bonnie Lynn Webber and Nils J. Nilsson",
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  year =         "1981",
  note =         "Reprinted by Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, Calif.,
                 1981",
}

@Book{read:cogsci,
  editor =       "Allan Collins and Edward E. Smith",
  booktitle =    "Readings in Cognitive Science: A Perspective from
                 Psychology and Artificial Intelligence",
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  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
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  year =         "1988",
}

@Book{read:kr,
  editor =       "Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque",
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  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{read:nlp,
  editor =       "Barbara J. Grosz and Karen Sparck Jones and Bonnie
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  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
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  year =         "1986",
}

@Book{read:uncertain,
  editor =       "Glenn Schafer and Judea Pearl",
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  address =      "San Mateo, Ca.",
  year =         "1990",
}

@Book{read:vision,
  editor =       "Martin A. Fischler and Oscar Firschein",
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                 Principles, and Paradigms",
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                 Principles, and Paradigms",
  publisher =    "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =      "Los Altos, Calif.",
  year =         "1987",
}

@Book{snlp:90,
  key =          "{SNLP}",
  booktitle =    snlp,
  title =        snlp,
  address =      "Hidden Valley, PA",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1990",
}

@Book{snlp:91,
  key =          "{SNLP}",
  booktitle =    snlp,
  title =        snlp,
  publisher =    "Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, Information
                 Science and Technology Office",
  address =      "Pacific Grove, CA",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1991",
}


@article{Merlo01,
 author={Paola Merlo and Suzanne Stevenson},
 year=2001,
 title={Automatic Verb Classification based on Statistical Distribution of Argument Structure},
 journal="Computational Linguistics",
 volume=27,
 number=3,
 month="September"
} 

@InProceedings{Schulte00,
 author="Sabine {Schulte im Walde}",
 year=2000,
 title="Clustering Verbs Semantically According to their Alternation Behaviour",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-00)",
 pages="747--753", 
 address={Saarbr\"{u}cken, Germany}
}

@InProceedings{Schulte-acl02,
   author="Sabine {Schulte im Walde} and Chris Brew",
   title="Inducing German Semantic Verb Classes from Purely Syntactic Subcategorisation Information",
   booktitle=ACL02,
   year="2002",
   url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P02/P02-1029.pdf",
   address="Philadelphia, PA",
}

@PhdThesis{Gildea01,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Statistical Language Understanding Using Frame Semantics",
  school =       "University of California",
  address =      "Berkeley",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InProceedings{Gildea-emnlp01,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Corpus Variation and Parser Performance",
  booktitle =    "2001 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)",
  year = 2001,
  address = "Pittsburgh, PA",
  pages = {167--202},
  url = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-emnlp01.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{Gildea-acl02,
  author =       "Daniel Gildea and Martha Palmer",
  title =        "The Necessity of Syntactic Parsing for Predicate Argument Recognition",
  booktitle =    ACL02,
  year = 2002,
  address = "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages="239--246",
  URL = "http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-acl02.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{Kipper-aaai00,
   author       = { Karin Kipper and Hoa Trang Dang and Martha Palmer },
   title        = { Class-based construction of a verb lexicon },
   booktitle    = { Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                    Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000) }, 
   year         = 2000,
   address      = { Austin, TX },
   month        = { July-August }
}

@InProceedings{Dang00,
   author       = { Hoa Trang Dang and Karin Kipper and Martha Palmer },
   title        = " Integrating Compositional Semantics into a 
                    verb lexicon ",
   booktitle    = " Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference 
                    on Computational Linguistics (COLING-2000) ", 
   year         = 2000,
   address      = { Saarbr\"{u}cken, Germany },
   month        = { July-August }
}

@TechReport{Miller90,
  author = 	 "G. Miller and R. Beckwith and C. Fellbaum and D. Gross and
		  K. Miller",
  title = 	 "Five Papers on WordNet",
  institution =  "Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University",
  year = 	 1990,
  number =	 43,
  month =	 "July"
}

@InBook{FellbaumEtal98,
  author = 	 "Christiane Fellbaum and Joachim Grabowski and Shari Landes",
  chapter = 	 "Performance and confidance in a semantic annotation task",
  title = 	 "Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical Database",
  editor =       "Christiane Fellbaum",   
  publisher=     "MIT Press", 
  address =      "Boston, Mass",
  year = 	 "1998",
}

@Unpublished{DangPalmer01,
  author =       "Hoa Trang Dang and Martha Palmer",
  title =        "Making Fine-Grained and Coarse-Grained Sense Distinctions, Both Manually and Automatically",
  year =         "2001",
  note =         "Submitted to {\em Natural Language Engineering}",
}

@InProceedings{Palmer-senseval2,
  author =       "Martha Palmer and Christiane Fellbaum and Scott Cotton
		 and Lauren Delfs and Hoa Trang Dang",
  title =        "English Tasks: All-Words and Verb Lexical Sample",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of SENSEVAL-2: Second International Workshop
                  on Evaluating Word Sense Disambiguation Systems",
  year =         2001,
  address =      "Toulouse, France",
  month =        "July"
}

@InProceedings{Kipper-ilw00,
   author       ={Karin Kipper and Martha Palmer },
   title        ={Representation of Actions as an Interlingua },
   booktitle    ={Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Applied
                    Interlinguas, held in conjunction with
                    ANLP-NAACL 2000 },
   year         = 2000,
   address      ={Seattle, WA },
   month        ={April }
 }

@Article{Bindiganavale-agents00,
  author     =   "Rama Bindiganavale and William Schuler and Jan
                  M. Allbeck and Norman I. Badler and Aravind K. Joshi
                  and Martha Palmer",
  title      =   {{Dynamically Altering Agent Behaviors Using Natural
                  Language Instructions}},
  journal    =   "Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents",
  year       =   "2000",
  month      =   "June",
  address    =   "Barcelona, Spain"
}

@InProceedings{Allbeck-agentswork00,
   author       ="Jan Allbeck and Rama Bindiganavale and Karin Kipper
                    and Michael Moore and William Schuler and Norman Badler
                    and Aravind Joshi and Martha Palmer",
   title        ="Authoring embodied agents' behaviors through natural
                    language and planning",
   booktitle    ="Proceedings of the Workshop on achieving human-like
                    behavior in interactive animated agents, held in
                    conjuction with Agents-2000",
   year         = 2000,
   address      ={Barcelona, Spain },
   month        ={June }
}

@InProceedings{BikelEtal97,
  author = "D. M. Bikel and S. Miller and R. Schwartz and R. Weischedel",
  title = "Nymble: a High-Performance Learning Name-finder",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural
		  Language Processing", 
  address = "",
  year = 1997
}

@Article{BikelEtal99,
  author="Daniel M. Bikel and Richard Schwartz and Ralph M. Weischedel",
  year="1999",
  title="An Algorithm that Learns What's in a Name",
  journal="Machine Learning",
   volume = "34",
   pages = "211--231",
}

@InProceedings{BikelChiang2000,
  author = "Daniel Bikel and David Chiang",
  title = "Two Statistical Parsing Models Applied to the Chinese Treebank",
  booktitle="Proceedings of the Second Chinese Language Processing Workshop",
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 booktitle="Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Data-Driven Machine Translation",  
 pages="55--62", 
 address="Toulouse, France", 
 year=2001,
 url="http://www-i6.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/PostScript/InterneArbeiten/Paper_2001/Och_Astar_ACL2001-DDMT_2001.ps"
}

@InProceedings{och-naacl04,
  author="Franz Josef Och and Daniel Gildea and Sanjeev Khudanpur and Anoop Sarkar and
 Kenji Yamada and Alex Fraser and Shankar Kumar and Libin Shen and David Smith and
 Katherine Eng and Viren Jain and Zhen Jin and Dragomir Radev",
  title="A Smorgasbord of Features for Statistical Machine Translation",
  booktitle=NAACL04,
  address="Boston",
  year =         "2004",
  pages     = {161--168},
  url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/smorgasbord.pdf"
}

@techreport{Bilmes-jhu01,
  title = "Discriminatively Structured Graphical Models for Speech Recognition",
  author = "Jeff A. Bilmes and Geoff Zweig and Thomas Richardson and Karim
	  Filali and Karen Livescu and Peng Xu and Kirk Jackson and Yigal Brandman and Eric
	  Sandness and Eva Holtz and Jerry Torres and Bill Byrne",
  institution =  "Center for Language and Speech Processing, Johns
                 Hopkins University, Baltimore",
  year =         "2001",
  url="http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws2001/groups/gmsr/GMRO-final-rpt.pdf",
}

@techreport{Hajic-jhu02,
  title = "Natural Language Generation in the Context of Machine Translation",
  author = "Jan Haji\v{c} and
	Martin \v{C}mejrek and	
	Bonnie Dorr and
	Yuan Ding and
	Jason Eisner and
	Daniel Gildea and
	Terry Koo and
	Kristen Parton and
	Gerald Penn and
	Dragomir Radev and
	Owen Rambow",
  note="Summer Workshop Final Report", 
  institution =  "Center for Language and Speech Processing, Johns
                 Hopkins University",
  address="Baltimore",
  year =         "2002",
}

@InProceedings{Eisner-acl03,
author="Jason Eisner",
year=2003,
title="Learning non-isomorphic tree mappings for machine translation",
booktitle="Proceedings of the 41st Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, companion volume", 
address="Sapporo, Japan",
pages     = {205--208},
}

@InProceedings{galley-naacl04,
author="Michel Galley and Mark Hopkins and Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu",
title="What's in a Translation Rule?",
booktitle=NAACL04, 
year=2004,
 address="Boston",
 pages     = {273--280}
}

@InProceedings{fox-emnlp02,
author="Heidi J. Fox",
year=2002,
title="Phrasal Cohesion and Statistical Machine Translation", 
booktitle="Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2002)", 
pages="304--311",
}

@InProceedings{graehl-naacl04,
author="Jonathan Graehl and Kevin Knight", 
title="Training Tree Transducers",
booktitle=NAACL04,
 year="2004"}

@InProceedings{groves-coling04,
  author    = {Groves, Declan  and  Hearne, Mary  and  Way, Andy},
  title     = {Robust Sub-Sentential Alignment of Phrase-Structure Trees },
  booktitle = COLING04,
  year      = 2004,
  address   = {Geneva, Switzerland},
  pages     = {1072--1078}
}

@InProceedings{poutsma-coling00,
 author="Arjen Poutsma",
 title="Data-Oriented Translation",
 booktitle=COLING00,
 year=2000
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Shieber:2004:SGT,
  AUTHOR = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  TITLE = {Synchronous Grammars as Tree Transducers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on
                  Tree Adjoining Grammar and Related Formalisms (TAG+7)},
  YEAR = 2004,
  ADDRESS = {Vancouver, Canada},
  MONTH = {May 20-22},
  url = {http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~shieber/Biblio/Papers/shieber-04-stsg-distrib.pdf}
}

@TechReport{Allan-jhu99,
 title="Topic-Based Novelty Detection", 
 author="James Allan and Hubert Jin and Martin Rajman and Charles Wayne and Daniel Gildea and Victor Lavrenko and Rose Hoberman and David Caputo",
 note="Summer Workshop Final Report", 
 institution="Center for Language and Speech Processing, Johns Hopkins University",
 address="Baltimore",
 year="1999",
}

@article{Palmer-propbank,
 title="The {Proposition Bank}: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles",
 author="Martha Palmer and Daniel Gildea and Paul Kingsbury",
 journal="Computational Linguistics",
 volume=31,
 number=1,
 pages="71--106",
 year="2005",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/palmer-propbank-cl.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Gildea-acl03,
 title="Loosely Tree-Based Alignment for Machine Translation",
 author="Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=ACL03,
 address="Sapporo, Japan",
 year="2003",
 pages="80--87",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-acl03.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Gildea-emnlp04,
 title="Dependencies vs.\ Constituents for Tree-Based Alignment",
 author="Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=EMNLP04,
 address="Barcelona",
 year="2004",
 pages     = {214--221},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/gildea-emnlp04.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Ding-03,
 title="An Algorithm for Word-level Alignment of Parallel Dependency Trees",
      author="Yuan Ding and Daniel Gildea and Martha Palmer",
      booktitle="The 9th Machine Translation Summit of the International Association for Machine Translation", 
      address="New Orleans", 
      year=2003,
 pages="95-101",
 url="http://www.amtaweb.org/summit/MTSummit/FinalPapers/62-Ding-final.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Ding-04,
 title="Automatic Learning of Parallel Dependency Treelet Pairs",
 author="Yuan Ding and Martha Palmer",
 booktitle="The First International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP)",
 year=2004,
 url="http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~yding/PDF/epd_final.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{Ding-05,
  author    = {Ding, Yuan  and  Palmer, Martha},
  title     = {Machine Translation Using Probabilistic Synchronous Dependency Insertion Grammars},
  booktitle = ACL05,
  year      = {2005},
  pages     = {541--548},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P05/P05-1067}
}

@InProceedings{ZhangGildea04,
 title="Syntax-Based Alignment: Supervised or Unsupervised?",
 author="Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=COLING04,
 address="Geneva, Switzerland",
 month=aug,
 year=2004,
 pages     = {418--424},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/zhang-gildea-coling04.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ZhangGildea-acl05,
 title="Stochastic Lexicalized Inversion Transduction Grammar for Alignment",
 author="Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=ACL05,
 year=2005,
 pages     = {475--482},
 address="Ann Arbor, MI",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/zhang-gildea-acl05.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ZhangGildea-acl06,
 title="Inducing Word Alignments with Bilexical Synchronous Trees",
 author="Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=ACL06-poster,
 address="Sydney",
 year=2006,
 pages     = {953--960},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhang-gildea-acl06.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ZhangGildea-emnlp06,
 title="Efficient Search for Inversion Transduction Grammar",
 author="Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=EMNLP06,
 address="Sydney",
 year=2006,
 pages     = {224--231},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhang-gildea-emnlp06.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{GildeaSattaZhang-acl06,
 title="Factoring Synchronous Grammars by Sorting",
 author="Daniel Gildea and Giorgio Satta and Hao Zhang",
 booktitle=ACL06-poster,
 address="Sydney",
 year=2006,
 pages     = {279--286},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/gildea-satta-zhang-acl06.pdf"
}

@unpublished{GildeaSatta-acl10,
 title="Complete Factorization of {Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammar}",
 author="Daniel Gildea and Giorgio Satta",
 year=2010,
 note="Draft",
}

@InProceedings{ZhangGildea-ssst07,
 title="Factorization of Synchronous Context-Free Grammars in Linear Time",
 author="Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle="NAACL Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation (SSST)",
 year=2007,
 pages     = {25--32},
 location="Rochester, NY",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhang-gildea-ssst07.pdf"
}

@article{ZhangGildea-jis07,
 title="Enumeration of Factorizable Multi-Dimensional Permutations",
 author="Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
 journal="Journal of Integer Sequences",
 volume="07",
 number="5.8",
 year=2007,
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhang-gildea-jis07.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ZhangGildea-acl08,
 title="Efficient Multi-pass Decoding for Synchronous Context Free Grammars",
 author="Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=ACL08,
 address="Columbus, Ohio",
 year=2008,
 pages     = {209--217},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhang-gildea-acl08.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ZhangQuirkMooreGildea-acl08,
 title="Bayesian Learning of Non-compositional Phrases with Synchronous Parsing",
 author="Hao Zhang and Chris Quirk and Robert C. Moore and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=ACL08,
 address="Columbus, Ohio",
 year=2008,
 pages     = {97--105},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhang-quirk-moore-gildea-acl08.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ZhangGildeaChiang-coling08,
 title="Extracting Synchronous Grammar Rules From Word-Level Alignments in Linear Time",
 author="Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea and David Chiang",
 booktitle=COLING08,
 address="Manchester, UK",
 year=2008,
 pages     = {1081--1088},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhang-gildea-chiang-coling08.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{LiuGildea-acl06,
 title="Stochastic Iterative Alignment for Machine Translation Evaluation",
 author="Ding Liu and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=ACL06-poster,
 address="Sydney",
 year=2006,
 pages     = {539--546},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/liu-gildea-acl06.pdf"
}
@InProceedings{LiuGildea-eval06,
 title="Stochastic Iterative Alignment for Machine Translation Evaluation",
 author="Ding Liu and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=ACL06-poster,
 address="Sydney",
 year=2006,
 pages     = {539--546},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/liu-gildea-acl06.pdf"
}
@InProceedings{LiuGildea-naacl07,
 title="Source-Language Features and Maximum Correlation Training for Machine Translation Evaluation",
 author="Ding Liu and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=NAACL07,
 year=2007,
 pages     = {41--48},
 address="Rochester, NY",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/liu-gildea-naacl07.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{LiuGildea-smt08,
 title="Improved Tree-to-string Transducers for Machine Translation",
 author="Ding Liu and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle="ACL Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (ACL08-SMT)",
 year=2008,
 pages     = {62--69},
 address="Columbus, Ohio",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/liu-gildea-smt08.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{LiuGildea-emnlp09,
 title="Bayesian learning of Phrasal Tree-to-String Templates",
 author="Ding Liu and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=EMNLP09,
 year=2009,
 address="Singapore",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/liu-gildea-emnlp09.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{LiuGildea-coling10,
 title="Semantic Role Features for Machine Translation",
 author="Ding Liu and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=COLING10,
 year=2010,
 address="Beijing",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/liu-gildea-coling10.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ChungGildea-emnlp09,
 title="Unsupervised Tokenization for Machine Translation",
 author="Tagyoung Chung and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=EMNLP09,
 year=2009,
 address="Singapore",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/chung-gildea-emnlp09.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ChungGildea-emnlp10,
 title="Effects of Empty Categories on Machine Translation",
 author="Tagyoung Chung and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=EMNLP10,
 year=2010,
 address="Boston",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/chung-gildea-emnlp10.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ZhaoGildea-emnlp10,
 title="A Fast Fertility Hidden Markov Model for Word Alignment Using MCMC",
 author="Shaojun Zhao and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=EMNLP10,
 year=2010,
 address="Boston",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhao-gildea-emnlp10.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{chung-post-gildea-ws10,
  title="Factors affecting the accuracy of {Korean} parsing",
  author="Tagyoung Chung and Matt Post and Daniel Gildea",
  booktitle="NAACL Workshop on Statistical Parsing of Morphologically Rich Languages",
  year=2010,
  url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/chung-post-gildea-ws10.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{HuangZhangGildea-iwpt05,
 title="Machine Translation as Lexicalized Parsing with Hooks",
 author="Liang Huang and Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle="International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT05)",
 location="Vancouver, BC",
 year=2005,
 pages     = {65--73},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/huang-zhang-gildea-iwpt05.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{HuangChiang-iwpt05,
 title="Better k-best Parsing",
 author="Liang Huang and David Chiang",
 booktitle="International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT05)",
 address="Vancouver, BC",
 year=2005,
 url="http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~lhuang3/huang-iwpt-correct.pdf"
}

@book{srlbook,
 author="Martha Palmer and Daniel Gildea and Nianwen Xue",
 title="Semantic Role Labeling",
 series="Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technology Series",
 publisher="Morgan and Claypool",
 year=2010,
}


@TechReport{zhang-isi-tr,
  author =       "Hao Zhang and Liang Huang and Daniel Gildea and Kevin Knight",
  title =        "Synchronous Binarization for Machine Translation",
  institution =  "Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California",
  number = "ISI-TR-2005-610",
  year =         "2005",
}

@TechReport{chung-zhao-gildea-tr10,
  author =       "Tagyoung Chung and Shaojun Zhao and Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Comparing Optimization Criteria and Methods for Word Alignment",
  institution =  "University of Rochester",
  number = 958,
  year =         "2010",
}

@TechReport{chung-gildea-tr10,
  author =       "Tagyoung Chung and Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Bayesian Learning of Tokenization for Machine Translation",
  institution =  "University of Rochester",
  number = 957,
  year =         "2010",
}

@TechReport{vandurme-gildea-tr09,
  author =       "Van Durme, Benjamin and Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Topic Models for Corpus-centric Knowledge Generalization",
  institution =  "University of Rochester",
  number = 946,
  year =         "2009",
}

@TechReport{zhang-gildea-tr06,
  author =       "Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Efficient Factorization of Synchronous Context-Free Grammars",
  institution =  "University of Rochester",
  number = 889,
  year =         "2006",
}

@InProceedings{ElsnerSwiftAllenGildea-iwpt05,
 title="Online Statistics for a Unification-Based Dialogue Parser",
 author="Micha Elsner and Mary Swift and James Allen and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle="International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT05)",
 address="Vancouver, BC",
 year=2005,
 pages     = {198--199},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/elsner-iwpt05.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{LiuGildea-eval05,
 title="Syntactic Features for Evaluation of Machine Translation",
 author="Ding Liu and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle="ACL 2005 Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or Summarization",
 year=2005,
 pages     = {25--32},
 address="Ann Arbor, MI", 
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/liu-gildea-eval05.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{PostGildea-amta08,
 title="Parsers as language models for statistical machine translation",
 author="Matt Post and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle="The Eighth Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA 2008)",
 year=2008,
 address="Honolulu, HI", 
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/post-gildea-amta08.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{PostGildea-acl09,
 title="Bayesian learning of a tree substitution grammar",
 author="Matt Post and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle="Proc.\ Association for Computational Linguistics (short paper)",
 year=2009,
 address="Singapore", 
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/post-gildea-acl09.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{post-gildea:2009:IWPT,
  author    = {Matt Post and Daniel Gildea},
  title     = {Weight pushing and binarization for fixed-grammar parsing},
  booktitle = iwpt09,
  month     = {October},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Paris, France},
  url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/post-gildea-iwpt09.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{post-gildea-nipsgi09,
 title="Language modeling with tree substitution grammars",
 author="Matt Post and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle="NIPS workshop on Grammar Induction, Representation of Language, and Language Learning",
 year=2009,
 address="Whistler, British Columbia",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/post-gildea-nips09.pdf"
}

@phdthesis{post-thesis,
  author="Matt Post",
  title="Syntax-based Language Models for Statistical Machine Translation",
  school="University of Rochester",
  address="Rochester, New York",
  year=2010,
}

@InProceedings{chung-fang-gildea-acl11,
  author    = {Tagyoung Chung and Licheng Fang and Daniel Gildea},
  title     = {Issues Concerning Decoding with Synchronous Context-free Grammar},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL 2011 Conference Short Papers},
  year      = {2011},
  address   = {Portland, Oregon},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/chung-fang-gildea-acl11.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{fang-chung-gildea-acl11,
  author    = {Licheng Fang and Tagyoung Chung and Daniel Gildea},
  title     = {Terminal-Aware Synchronous Binarization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL 2011 Conference Short Papers},
  year      = {2011},
  address   = {Portland, Oregon},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/fang-chung-gildea-acl11.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{ROUGE-acl-04,
author="Chin-Yew Lin and Franz Josef Och",
year=2004,
title="Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Using
	Longest Common Subsequence and Skip-Bigram Statistics",
booktitle=ACL04, 
}



@InProceedings{meteor,
author="Satanjeev Banerjee and Alon Lavie",
year=2005,
title="{METEOR}: {An} Automatic Metric for {MT} Evaluation with Improved
	Correlation with Human Judegments",
booktitle="Proceedings of the ACL-05 workshop on Intrinsic and
  Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or
  Summarization", 
}


@misc{GildeaSatta-draft,
 title="A Novel Algorithm for Factoring Permutations",
 author="Daniel Gildea and Giorgio Satta and Hao Zhang",
 note="Submitted to {\em Journal of Discrete Algorithms}",
}

@article{GildeaTemperley-cogsci10,
 title="Do Grammars Minimize Dependency Length?",
 author="Daniel Gildea and David Temperley",
 journal="Cognitive Science",
 url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01073.x},
 year=2010,
 volume=34,
 number=2,
 pages="286--310",
}

@article{HuangZhangGildeaKnight-cl09,
 title="Binarization of Synchronous Context-Free Grammars",
 author="Liang Huang and Hao Zhang and Daniel Gildea and Kevin Knight",
 journal="Computational Linguistics",
 volume=35,
 number=4,
 pages="559--595",
 year=2009,
 url="http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/coli.2009.35.4.35406"
}

@techreport{HeGildea-tr891,
 title="Self-training and Co-training for Semantic Role Labeling",
 author="Shan He and Daniel Gildea",
  institution =  "University of Rochester",
  number = 891,
  year =         "2004",
}

@misc{Gildea-draft,
 title="Syntactic Structures for Bitext Alignment",
 author="Daniel Gildea",
 note="Submitted to {\em Computational Linguistics}",
}

@TechReport{he-tr04,
  author =       "Shan He and Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Semantic Roles Labeling by Maximum Entropy Model",
  institution =  "University of Rochester",
  number = 847,
  year =         "2004",
}

@TechReport{riley-gildea-tr10,
  author =       "Darcey Riley and Daniel Gildea",
  title =        "Improving the Performance of GIZA++ Using Variational~Bayes",
  institution =  "University of Rochester",
  number = 963,
  year =         "2010",
  url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/riley-gildea-tr10.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{swift-coling04,
 title="Skeletons in the Parser: {Using} a Shallow Parser to Improve Deep Parsing",
 author="Mary Swift and James Allen and Daniel Gildea",
 booktitle=COLING04,
 address="Geneva, Switzerland",
 month=aug,
 year=2004,
 pages="383--389",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/swift-coling04.pdf"
}

% classics on tree automata and transducers

%original articles:

@Article{MSTRounds1970, title = "Mappings and Grammars on Trees", 
author ="William C. Rounds", 
journal = "Mathematical Systems Theory", 
pages ="257--287",
year = "1970", volume = "4", number = "3"}

@ARTICLE{Tha70, AUTHOR = {J. W. Thatcher}, JOURNAL = {J. Comput. System
Sci.}, PAGES = {339--367}, TITLE = {Generalized$^2$ sequential machine maps},
VOLUME = {4}, YEAR = {1970}}

%good textbooks/surveys:

@BOOK{GS84, AUTHOR = {F. G{\'e}cseg and M. Steinby}, PUBLISHER =
{Akad{\'e}miai Kiad{\'o}, Budapest}, TITLE = {Tree Automata}, YEAR = 1984 }

@Misc{tata97,
author = {H. Comon and M. Dauchet and R. Gilleron and F. Jacquemard and D.
Lugiez and S. Tison and M. Tommasi},
title = {Tree Automata Techniques and Applications},
howpublished = {Available at {\tt http//www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/tata}},
note = {release October, 1st 2002}, year = 1997}

@InCollection{Thatcher73,author="James Thatcher",
title="Tree automata an informal survey",
editor = "Alfred Aho",
booktitle="Currents in the Theory of Computing",
publisher="Prentice-Hall", year="1973",
callnumber="QA267.5.S4 A33"
}

%key automata theory:

@article{Doner70,author="J. Doner",title="Tree Acceptors and Some of Their
Applications", journal="Journal of Computer and System
Sciences",volume="4", pages="406451", year="1970"}

@ARTICLE{Eng75, AUTHOR = {J. Engelfriet}, JOURNAL = {Math. Systems
Theory}, NUMBER = 3, PAGES = {198--231}, TITLE = {Bottom-up and top-down tree
transformations---a comparison}, VOLUME = 9, YEAR = 1975}

@ARTICLE{Eng77, AUTHOR = {J. Engelfriet}, JOURNAL = {Math. Systems
Theory}, PAGES = {289--303}, TITLE = {Top-down tree transducers with
regular look-ahead}, VOLUME = 10, YEAR = 1977} 

% the following is essentially the same as Maletti NAACL 2010
% note string language = LCFRS (p 586)

@article{engelfriet2009extended,
  title={{Extended multi bottom--up tree transducers}},
  author={Engelfriet, J. and Lilin, E. and Maletti, A.},
  journal={Acta Informatica},
  volume={46},
  number={8},
  pages={561--590},
  year={2009},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{arnold-tcs82,
  author={Andr\'e Arnold and Max Dauchet},
  year=1982,
  title="Morphismes et bimorphismes d'arbres",
  journal="Theoret. Comput. Sci.",
  volume=20, 
  issue=1, 
  pages="33--93",
}

@inproceedings{lilin81,
  author="Eric Lilin",
  year=1981,
  title="Propri\'et\'es de cl\^oture d'une extension de transducteurs d'arbres d\'eterministes",
  booktitle="CAAP, volume 112 of LNCS",
  pages="280--289",
  publisher="Springer",
}

% mentions monotonic ("simple") SCFG
@INPROCEEDINGS{maltir09,
  AUTHOR = {Andreas Maletti and C\u at\u alin Ionu\c t T\^{i}rn\u auc\u a},
  TITLE = {Syntax-Directed Translations and Quasi-alphabetic Tree Bimorphisms --- Revisited},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proc.\ 3rd Int.\ Conf.\ Algebraic Informatics},
  PAGES = {305--317},
  YEAR = 2009,
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
}

% END classics on tree automata and transducers

@InProceedings{maletti-naacl10,
  author    = {Maletti, Andreas},
  title     = {Why Synchronous Tree Substitution Grammars?},
  booktitle = NAACL10,
  year      = {2010},
  address   = {Los Angeles, California},
  pages     = {876--884},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N10-1130}
}

@article{maletti-siam2009,
 author = {Maletti, Andreas and Graehl, Jonathan and Hopkins, Mark and Knight, Kevin},
 title = {The Power of Extended Top-Down Tree Transducers},
 journal = {SIAM J. Comput.},
 volume = {39},
 issue = {2},
 month = {June},
 year = {2009},
 issn = {0097-5397},
 pages = {410--430},
 numpages = {21},
 url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1654887.1654891},
 doi = {10.1137/070699160},
 acmid = {1654891},
 publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
 address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA},
 keywords = {composition closure, hierarchy, natural language processing, tree transducer},
} 

@InProceedings{SUMITA-acl91,
   author="Eiichiro Sumita and Hitoshi Iida",
   title="Experiments and Prospects Of Example-Based Machine Translation",
   booktitle="29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
   year="1991",
   url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P91/P91-1024.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{brown-coling96,
 title="Example-Based Machine Translation in the Pangloss System",
 author="Ralf D. Brown",
 booktitle=COLING96,
 year=1996,
 URL="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/C/C96/C96-1030.pdf"}

@InProceedings{Dang02Siglex,
   author       = {Hoa Trang Dang and Martha Palmer},
   title        = {Combining Contextual Features for Word Sense Disambiguation},
   booktitle    = {SIGLEX Workshop on Word Sense Disambiguation, in conjunction with the 40th Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-02)},  
   year         = 2002,
   address      = {Philadelphia, PA},
   month        = {July}
}

@article{ MacKay94,
    author = "D. J. C. MacKay and L. Peto",
    title = "A Hierarchical {D}irichlet Language Model",
    year = "1994",
    journal="Natural Language Engineering",
    volume="1",
    number="3",
    pages="1--19",
    url="http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/mackay94hierarchical.html",
}

@Unpublished{Curl98, 
  author =       "Traci Curl",  
  title =        "THAT's Good vs. That's GOOD: Attempts at a 
Constructional Account of Sentence Accent",
  year =         "1998",        
  note =         "Department of Linguistics,
                 University of Colorado at Boulder",
} 
  
@PhdThesis{Diekmann96,
  author =       "Diekmann, Barbara",
  title =        "The Mutual Shaping of Task Context and System
Interface in Directory Assistance Conversations",
  school =       "University of Colorado",
  address =      "Boulder, CO", 
  year =         "1996",
} 
  

@InProceedings{Ward02,
  author =       "Wayne Ward and  Holly Krech and  Xiuyang Yu and  Keith Herold and  George Figgs and  Ayako Ikeno and  Dan Jurafsky and William Byrne",
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of ISCA Workshop on Pronunciation Modeling
and Lexicon Adaptation (PMLA-2002)},
  title =        "Lexicon adaptation for LVCSR:
Speaker idiosyncracies, non-native speakers, and pronunciation choice",
  year =         "2002",
}

@InProceedings{Ikeno03,
 author =    "Ayako Ikeno and Bryan Pellom and Dan Cer and Ashley Thornton and Jason M. Brenier and Dan Jurafsky and Wayne Ward and William Byrne",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IEEE/ISCA 2003 Workshop on Spontaneous Speech Processing and Recognition",
  title = "Issues in Recognition of {S}panish-Accented Spontaneous {E}nglish",
 address = "Tokyo, Japan",
  year = 2003,
}

@InProceedings{Germann-acl01,
   author="Ulrich Germann and Michael Jahr and Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu and Kenji Yamada",
   title="Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation",
   booktitle="Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
   year="2001",
   url="http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P01/P01-1030.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{Germann-naacl03,
  author = "Ulrich Germann",
  title = "Decoding for Statistical Machine Translation in Almost Linear Time",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of HLT-NAACL",
  year = 2003,
  address = "Edmonton, Canada",
  ee        = {http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/N/N03/N03-1010.pdf},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
}

@InProceedings{och02discriminative,
  author = "Franz Josef Och and Hermann Ney",
  title = "Discriminative training and maximum entropy models for statistical machine
    translation",
  booktitle =    ACL02,
  year =         2002,
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  url = "http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/och02discriminative.html",
}


% Och99Improve
@INPROCEEDINGS{ och-emnlp99,
	AUTHOR	= {Franz Josef~Och and Christoph Tillmann and Hermann Ney},
	TITLE	= {Improved Alignment Models for Statistical Machine Translation},
	YEAR	= 1999,
	BOOKTITLE	= {Proc.\ of the Joint SIGDAT Conf.\ on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora},
        MONTH = jun,
        PAGES={20--28},
        ADDRESS = {University of Maryland, College Park, MD}
}
@InProceedings{Och-acl00,
  author="Franz Josef Och and Hermann Ney",
  title="Improved Statistical Alignment Models",
  pages="440--447",
  booktitle =    ACL00,
  address =      "Hong Kong",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2000",
  url = "http://www-i6.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Colleagues/och/ACL00.ps"
}

@InProceedings{och-acl03,  
author="Franz Josef Och",
title="Minimum Error Rate Training for Statistical Machine Translation",
booktitle=ACL03,
year="2003",
url="http://www.isi.edu/~och/acl03.pdf",
 annotate="MERT"
}


@InProceedings{ riezler02parsing,
  author = "Stefan Riezler and Tracy King and Ronald Kaplan and Richard Crouch and John T. Maxwell III and Mark Johnson",
  title = "Parsing the Wall Street Journal using a Lexical-Functional Grammar and
    Discriminative Estimation Techniques",
  booktitle =    ACL02,
  year =         2002,
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA",
  url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/riezler02parsing.html" 
}
@article{SchapireSinger98,
   author = "Robert E. Schapire and Yoram Singer",
   title = "Improved Boosting Algorithms using Confidence-Rated Predictions",
   journal = "Machine Learning",
   pages = "297-336",
   volume = "37",
   number = "3",
   year = "1999",
}
  
@InProceedings{Klavans92,
  author = "Judith Klavans and Martin Chodorow",
  title = "Degrees of Stativity: The Lexical Representation of Verb Aspect",
  booktitle =    coling:92,
  address =      "Nantes, France",
  year = "1992",
  url = "citeseer.nj.nec.com/143442.html" }


@InProceedings{Dorr97,
  author =       "Bonnie J. Dorr and Mari Broman Olsen",
  booktitle =    ACL97,
  title =        "Deriving Verbal and Compositional Lexical Aspect for NLP Applications",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Madrid, Spain",
  pages = "151--158",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InProceedings{sanda01,
   author =       {Sanda Harabagiu and Dan Moldovan and Marius Pasca and Rada Mihalcea and Mihai Surdeanu and Razvan Bunescu and Roxana Girju and Vasile Rus and Paul Morarescu},
   title =        {The Role of Lexico-Semantic Feedback in Open-Domain
Textual Question-Answering},
   booktitle =    {Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the
Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-2001)},
   year =         {2001},
   address =      {Toulouse, France},
   month =        {July}
} 
  

@InProceedings{NarJur02,
  author    = "Srini Narayanan and Daniel Jurafsky",
  title     = "A Bayesian Model Predicts Human Parse Preference and Reading Times in Sentence Processing",
  booktitle = "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14",
  editor    = "T. G. Dietterich and S. Becker and Z. Ghahramani",
  publisher = "MIT Press",
  address   = "Cambridge, MA",
  pages     = "59--65",
  year      = "2002",
}

@InProceedings{Levy-acl03,
author="Roger Levy and Christopher Manning",
title="Is it harder to parse {Chinese}, or the {Chinese} {Treebank}?",
booktitle=ACL03,
year=2003, 
address="Sapporo, Japan",
 url="http://www.stanford.edu/~rog/papers/acl2003.ps"
}

@InProceedings{Thompson-ecml03,
 title="A Generative Model for FrameNet Semantic Role Labeling",
 author="Cynthia A. Thompson and Roger Levy and Christopher Manning",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the Fourteenth European Conference on Machine Learning",
 address="Croatia", 
 year=2003,
 url="http://www.cs.utah.edu/~cindi/papers/fnet-ecml.pdf",
}

@InProceedings{pradhan-icdm03,
 author="S. Pradhan and K. Hacioglu and W. Ward and J. Martin and D. Jurafsky",
 title="Semantic Role Parsing: Adding Semantic Structure to Unstructured Text", 
 booktitle="Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM-2003)", 
 address="Melbourne, FL", 
 year=2003,
 url="http://oak.colorado.edu/~spradhan/publications/pradhan-icdm-2003.pdf"
}

@Inproceedings{agichtein2000,
title = {Snowball: extracting relations from large plain-text collections},
author = {Eugene Agichtein and Luis Gravano},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference on Digital libraries},
pages = {85-94},
year = {2000}
}

@article{zelenko2003,
title = {Kernel Methods for Relation Extraction},
author = {Dimitry Zelenko and Chinatsu Aone and Anthony Richardella},
journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
volume = {3},
pages = {1083-1106},
year = {2003}
}

@InProceedings{doddington-hlt02,
author="Doddington, G.",
year= 2002,
title="Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Using N-gram Co-Occurrence Statistics",
booktitle="HLT 2002, Human Language Technology Conference", 
address="San Diego, CA"
}

@InProceedings{kulesza-tmi04,
 author="Kulesza, Alex and Stuart M. Shieber",
year=2004,
title="A Learning Approach to Improving Sentence-Level {MT} Evaluation",
booktitle="Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI)", 
address="Baltimore, MD", 
month="October" }

@InProceedings{melamed-eval-naacl03,
author="Melamed,I. Dan and R. Green and J. Turian",
year=2003,
title="Precision and Recall of Machine Translation",
booktitle="Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 2003: Short Papers",
pages="61--63",
address="Edmonton, Alberta" }

@InProceedings{turian-mt03,
author="Turian, Joseph P. and Luke Shen and I. Dan Melamed",
year=2003,
title="Evaluation of machine translation and its evaluation",
booktitle="Proceedings of MT Summit IX", 
pages="23--28",
address="New Orleans" }

@techreport{papineni-ibm01,
author="Papineni, K. and S. Roukos and T. Ward and W.-J. Zhu",
year=2001,
title="{BLEU}: a method for automatic evaluation of {MT}",
number="Research Report, Computer Science RC22176 (W0109-022)", 
institution="IBM Research Division, T.J.Watson Research Center", 
date="17 September" }

@Article{CicekliGuvenir01,
 author="Ilyas Cicekli and H.Altay {G\"{u}vernir}",
 title="Learning Translation Templates from Bilingual Translation Examples",
 journal =      "Applied Intelligence",
 volume =       "15",
 number =       "1",
 pages=         "57-76",
 year =         "2001",
 }

@book{WayCarl03,
  editor="Andy Way and Michael Carl",
  year=2003, 
  title="Recent Advances in Example-Based Machine Translation",
  publisher="KLUWER", 
  address="Dordrecht",
}

@Article{OchCL,
  author =       "Franz Josef Och and Hermann Ney",
  title =        "The Alignment Template Approach to Statistical Machine Translation",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages="417--449",
  year =         "2004",
}

@Article{Somers99,
  author =       "Harold Somers",
  title =        "Review article: Example-based Machine Translation",
  journal =      "Machine Translation",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "113-158",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{Tucker84,
  author =       "Allen B. Tucker",
  title =        "A Perspective on Machine Translation: Theory and Practice",
  journal =      CACM,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "4",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{Slocum85,
  author =       "Jonathan Slocum",
  title =        "A Survey of Machine Translation: Its  History, Current Status, and Future Prospects",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  year =         "1985",
}
 
@Article{Tsutsumi90,
  author =       "Taijiro Tsutsumi",
  title =        "Wide-range Restructuring of Intermediate Representations in Machine Translation",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "71--78",
  year =         "1990",
}

@InCollection{Carl01,
  author=        "Michael Carl",
  title=         "Inducing Translation Grammars from Bracketed Alignments",
  editor =       "Andy Way and Michael Carl",
  booktitle=     "Recent Advances in Example-Based Machine Translation",
  year=          "2003",
}
  
@InProceedings{Kaji92,
  author =       "Hiroyuki Kaji and Yuuko Kida and Yasutsugu Morimoto",
  booktitle =    COLING92,
  title =        "Learning translation templates from bilingual text",
  address =      "Nantes, France",
  pages =        "672-678",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{NybergMitamura92,
  author =       "Eric Nyberg and Teruko Mitamura",
  booktitle =    COLING92,
  title =        "The KANT System: Fast, Accurate, High-Quality Translation in Practical Domains",
  address =      "Nantes, France",
  year =         "1992",
}

@InProceedings{NishidaDoshita83,
  author =       "Toyoaki Nishida and Shuji Doshita",
  booktitle =    "First Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing",
  title =        "An Application of Montague Grammar to English-Japanese Machine Translation",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA",
  year =         "1983",
}

@InCollection{DorrHovyLevin04,
  author="Bonnie Dorr and Edward Hovy and Lori Levin",
  title="Machine Translation: Interlingual Methods",
  editor = "Keith Brown",
  booktitle="Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 2nd edition",
  year="2004",
}


@InProceedings{Imamura-coling04,
 author="Kenji Imamura and Hideo Okuma and Taro Watanabe and Eiichiro Sumita",
  title     = {Example-based Machine Translation Based on Syntactic Transfer with Statistical Models},
  booktitle = COLING04,
  year      = 2004,
  address   = {Geneva, Switzerland},
  pages     = {99-105}
}

@InProceedings{Imamura01,
 author=      "Kenji Imamura",
  title     = "Hierarchical Phrase Alignment Harmonized with Parsing",
  booktitle = "The 6th Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium",
  year      = 2001,
  address   = {Tokyo, Japan},
  pages     = {377-384},
}

@InProceedings{Meyers98,
 author="Adam Meyers and Roman Yangarber and Ralph Grishman and Catherine Macleod and Antonio Moreno-Sandoval", 
 booktitle=COLING98,
 title=   "Deriving transfer rules from dominance-preserving alignments",
 year= "1998",
 address   = {Montreal},
 pages     = {843-847},
}

@article{giza++,
  author = {Franz Josef Och and Hermann Ney},
  title = {A Systematic Comparison of Various Statistical Alignment Models},
  journal= {Computational Linguistics}, 
  number = 1,
  volume = 29,
  year = 2003,
  pages = {19--51}
}

@InProceedings{vogel-acl10,
  author    = {Vogel, Adam  and  Jurafsky, Daniel},
  title     = {Learning to Follow Navigational Directions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2010},
  location   = {Uppsala, Sweden},
  pages     = {806--814},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1083}
}

@InProceedings{vogel-coling96,
  author = {Stephan Vogel and Hermann Ney and Christoph Tillmann},
  title = {HMM-based word alignment in statistical translation},
  booktitle = COLING96,
  year = 1996,
  pages = {836--841},
  location = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
  dateread = {2006-01-28}
}

@InProceedings{och00comparison,
	Address = {Saarbrucken, Germany},
	Author = {Och, Franz Josef and Ney, Hermann},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
	Month = {July},
	Pages = {1086--1090},
	Title = {A Comparison of Alignment Models for Statistical Machine Translation},
	Year = 2000,
	url = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/article/och00comparison.html}
}

@article{jelinek-ml05,
   author = "F. Jelinek and A. Emami",
   title = "A Neural Syntactic Language Model",
   journal = "Machine Learning",
   pages = "195--227",
   volume = "60",
   number = "1--3",
   year = "2005",
}


@InProceedings{ZHGK-naacl06,
 author="Hao Zhang and Liang Huang and Daniel Gildea and Kevin Knight",
 title="Synchronous Binarization for Machine Translation",
 booktitle=NAACL06, 
 year=2006,
 pages="256--263",
 address="New York, NY",
 url="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~gildea/pubs/zhang-huang-gildea-knight-naacl06.pdf",
}

@article{LewisStearns68,
 author = {Lewis, II, P. M. and R. E. Stearns},
 title = {Syntax-Directed Transduction},
 journal = JACM,
 volume = {15},
 number = {3},
 year = {1968},
 issn = {0004-5411},
 pages = {465--488},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/321466.321477},
 publisher = {ACM Press},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 }

@InProceedings{liu-liu-lin:2005:ACL,
  author    = {Liu, Yang  and  Liu, Qun  and  Lin, Shouxun},
  title     = {Log-Linear Models for Word Alignment},
  booktitle = ACL05,
  year      = {2005},
  pages     = {459--466},
  address="Ann Arbor, MI",
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P05/P05-1057}
}

@InProceedings{liu-liu-lin-acl06,
  author    = {Liu, Yang  and  Liu, Qun  and  Lin, Shouxun},
  title     = {Tree-to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2006},
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
  pages     = {609--616},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1077},
  doi       = {10.3115/1220175.1220252}
}

@InProceedings{marcu-emnlp2006,
  author    = {Marcu, Daniel and Wang, Wei and Echihabi, Abdessamad
                  and Knight, Kevin},
  title     = {{SPMT}: Statistical Machine Translation with
                  Syntactified Target Language Phrases},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods
                  in Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {July},
  year      = 2006,
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
  pages     = {44--52},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W06/W06-1606}
}

@InProceedings{Galley-06,
  author    = {Galley, Michel and Graehl, Jonathan and Knight, Kevin
                  and Marcu, Daniel and DeNeefe, Steve and Wang, Wei
                  and Thayer, Ignacio},
  title     = {Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich
                  Syntactic Translation Models},
  booktitle = ACL06,
  address     = {Sydney, Australia},
  year      = 2006,
  pages     = {961--968},
}

%%% begin zhao's area paper citations
% Tutorials and Books

@Article{Brent,
  author =       "M. Brent",
  title =        "An efficient, probabilistically sound algorithm for segmentation and word discovery", 
  journal =      "Machine Learning",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "71--105",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{Venkataraman,
  author =       "A. Venkataraman",
  title =        "A statistical model for word discovery in transcribed speech",
  journal =      "Computational Linguistics",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "351--372",
  year =         "2001",
}

@book{Schervish,
  author = "M. J. Schervish",
  title = "Theory of Statistics",
  publisher = "Springer",
  series = "Springer Series in Statistics",
  address = "New York",
  year = "1995"
}

@unpublished{Ranganathan,
  author = "Ranganathan, Ananth", 
  title = "The {D}irichlet process mixture model",
  year = "2006"
}

@Book{Bishop,
  author =       "C. M. Bishop",
  title =        "Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Book{salton83introduction,
  author =	"G. Salton and M. J. McGill",
  title =	"Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval",
  publisher =	"McGraw Hill",
  year =    "1983",
}


Mackay, D. J. C. (1998). Introduction to Monte Carlo methods. In M. I. Jordan (ed.) Learning in graphical models, pp. 175-204. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Neal, R. M. (1993). Probabilistic inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Technical Report CRG-TR-93-1, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto.

TechReport{Neal91,
  author =	"R. M. Neal",
  title =	"Bayesian mixture modeling by {M}onte {C}arlo
  	 simulation",
  institution =  "University of Toronto",
  year =      "1991",
  number =    "CRG-TR-91-2",
}

@Article{Korwar,
  author =       "Korwar, R. M. and Hollander, M.",
  title =        "Contributions to the theory of {D}irichlet processes",
  journal =      "The Annals of Probability",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "705--711",
  year =         "1973",
}

@article{Navarro2006,
	author = {Navarro, Daniel J. and Griffiths, Thomas L. and Steyvers, Mark and Lee, Michael D.},
	booktitle = {Special Issue on Model Selection: Theoretical Developments and Applications},
	citeulike-article-id = {1084503},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2005.11.006},
	journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
	keywords = {dirichlet},
	month = {April},
	number = {2},
	pages = {101--122},
	priority = {0},
	title = {Modeling individual differences using {D}irichlet processes},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2005.11.006},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2006}
}


@Article{Neal2000,
  author =	"R. M. Neal",
  title =        "Markov Chain Sampling Methods for {D}irichlet Process Mixture Models",
  journal =      "Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "249--265",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Unpublished{Jordan2005,
  author =       "M. I. Jordan",
  title =        "Dirichlet processes, {C}hinese restaurant processes and all that",
  year =         "2005",
  abstract =     {Tutorial presentation at the NIPS Conference},
}

% TODO
@InProceedings{TODO,
  author =       {Anonymous, Anonymous},
  title =        {Unknown title},
  booktitle =    {Unknown},
  year =         {2007},
  abstract =     {This is just a place holder, and make latex happy},
}

% Heinrich
@Unpublished{Heinrich:2005,
  author =       "Gregor Heinrich",
  title =        "Parameter estimation for text analysis",
  year =         "2005",
  url =         "http://http://www.arbylon.net/publications/",
  abstract = "Tutorial paper with probabilistic modeling basics and latent Dirichlet allocation, including a complete Gibbs sampler derivation.",
}

@InProceedings{Minka,
  author    = {Thomas P. Minka},
  title     = {Expectation Propagation for approximate {B}ayesian inference.},
  booktitle = {UAI},
  year      = {2001},
  pages     = {362-369},
  ee        = {http://rome.exp.sis.pitt.edu/UAI/Abstract.asp?articleID=120{\&}proceedingID=17},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@PhdThesis{Beal,
  author =       "Beal, Matthew J.",
  title =        "Variational Algorithms for Approximate {B}ayesian Inference",
  school =       "University College London",
  year =         "2003",
}


% Daume
@InProceedings{daume04pbhmm,
  author =       {Hal {Daum\'e III} and Daniel Marcu},
  title =        {A Phrase-Based {HMM} Approach to Document/Abstract Alignment},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of EMNLP},
  year =         {2004},
  address =      {Barcelona, Spain},
  abstract =     {
    We describe a model for creating word-to-word and phrase-to-phrase
    alignments between documents and their human written abstracts.  Such
    alignments are critical for the development of statistical
    summarization systems that can be trained on large corpora of
    document/abstract pairs.  Our model, which is based on a novel
    Phrase-Based HMM, outperforms both the Cut \& Paste alignment model
    \cite{jing:cl} and models developed in the context of machine
    translation \cite{brownetal93}.
  },
  url = {http://pub.hal3.name/#daume04pbhmm}
}

@Article{daume05dpscm,
  author =       {Hal {Daum\'e III} and Daniel Marcu},
  title =        {A {B}ayesian Model for Supervised Clustering with the {D}irichlet Process Prior},
  journal =      {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  year =         {2005},
  month =        {September},
  volume =       {6},
  pages =        {1551--1577},
  abstract =     {
    We develop a Bayesian framework for tackling the supervised clustering
    problem, the generic problem encountered in problems such as reference
    matching, coreference resolution, identity uncertainty and record
    linkage.  Our clustering model is based on the non-parametric
    Dirichlet process prior, which enables us to define distributions over
    the countably infinite sets that naturally arise in this problem.  We
    add \emph{supervision} to our model by positing the existence of a set
    of unobserved random variables (we call these ``reference types'')
    that are generic across all clusters.  Inference in our framework,
    which require integrating over infinitely many parameters, is solved
    using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques.  We present algorithms for
    both conjugate and non-conjugate priors.  We present a simple -- but
    general -- parameterization of our model based on a Gaussian
    assumption.  We evaluate this model on one artificial task and three
    real-world tasks, comparing it against both unsupervised and
    state-of-the-art supervised algorithms.  Our results show that our
    model is able to outperform other models for this task across a
    variety of performance metrics.
  },
  url = {http://pub.hal3.name/#daume05dpscm}
}

% Blackwell
@Article{Antoniak,
  author =       "C. Antoniak",
  title =        "Mixtures of {D}irichlet processes with applications to {B}ayesian nonparametric problems",
  journal =      "Annals of Mathematical Statistics",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "1152--1174",
  year =         "1974",
}


% Blackwell
@Article{Blackwell+MacQueen:1973,
  author =       "David Blackwell and James B. MacQueen",
  title =        "Ferguson distributions via {P}\'olya urn schemes",
  journal =      "Annals of Mathematical Statistics",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "353--355",
  month =        March,
  year =         "1973",
}


@Article{Blackwell:1973,
  author =       "David Blackwell",
  title =        "Discreteness of {F}erguson selections",
  journal =      "Annals of Mathematical Statistics",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "356--358",
  month =        March,
  year =         "1973",
}

%Ferguson
@Article{Ferguson:1973,
  author =       "Thomas S. Ferguson",
  title =        "A {B}ayesian analysis of some nonparametric problems",
  journal =      "Annals of Mathematical Statistics",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "209--230",
  month =        "March",
  year =         "1973",
}

@Article{Ferguson:1974,
  author =       "Thomas S. Ferguson",
  title =        "Prior distributions on spaces of probability measures",
  journal =      "Annals of Mathematical Statistics",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "615--629",
  month =        July,
  year =         "1974",
}

% Pitman
@InCollection{Pitman:1996,
  author =       "Jim Pitman",
  title =        "Some developments of the {B}lackwell-{M}ac{Q}ueen urn scheme",
  series =       "Statistics, Probability and Game Theory; Papers in honor of David Blackwell Lecture Notes, Monograph Series",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "245--267",
  year =         "1996",
}

% Xing
@InProceedings{Xing+Sharan+Jordan:2004,
  author =       "Eric P. Xing, Roded Sharan, and Michael I. Jordan",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML)",
  title =        "Bayesian haplotype inference via the {D}irichlet process",
  year =         "2004",
}

% 
@TechReport{Griffiths:2002,
  author =       "Tom Griffiths",
  title =        "Gibbs sampling in the generative model of Latent {D}irichlet Allocation",
  number =       "Technical Report",
  institution = "Stanford University",
  year =         "2002",
}

@InProceedings{Girolami+Kaban,
  author    = {Mark Girolami and Ata Kab{\'a}n},
  title     = {On an equivalence between {PLSI} and {LDA}},
  booktitle = {SIGIR},
  year      = {2003},
  pages     = {433-434},
  ee        = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/860435.860537},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

% Blei
@article{LDA:2003,
  author = {D. Blei and A. Ng and M. Jordan},
  title = {Latent {D}irichlet allocation},
  journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  month =        {Jan},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {993-1022},
}

@InProceedings{Blei+Jordan:2004,
  author =       "David Blei and Michael I. Jordan",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML)",
  title =        "Variational methods for the {D}irichlet process",
  year =         "2004",
}

@InCollection{Blei+Ng+Jordan:2003,
  author =       "D. Blei and A. Ng and and M. Jordan",
  title =        "Hierarchical Bayesian models for applications in information retrieval",
  editor =       "J. Bernardo, J. Berger, A. Dawid, D. Heckerman, A. Smith, and M. West",
  booktitle =    "Bayesian Statistics 7",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "25--44",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  year =         "2003",
}

@article{Blei06,
 author="David Blei and Michael Jordan",
 title="Variational Inference for Dirichlet Process Mixtures",
 journal="Bayesian Analysis",
 year=2006,
}

@InProceedings{Blei+Griffiths+Jordan+Tenenbaum:2003,
 author="D. Blei and T. Griffiths and M. Jordan and J. Tenenbaum",
 title="Hierarchical topic models and the nested Chinese restaurant process",
 booktitle=     nips, 
 year=2003
}

@InProceedings{Griffiths+Steyvers+Blei+Tenenbaum:2005,
 author="T. Griffiths and M. Steyvers and D. Blei and J. Tenenbaum",
 title="Integrating topics and syntax",
 booktitle=     nips,
 year=2005
}

% Teh
@article{HDP:2006,
title=          "Hierarchical {D}irichlet Processes",
author=         "Y. W. Teh and M. I. Jordan and M. J. Beal and D. M. Blei",
journal=        "Journal of the American Statistical Association",
volume=         "101",
number=         "476",
pages=          "1566-1581",
year=           "2006"
}

@techreport{Teh2006a,
author=         "Y. W. Teh",
title=          "A {B}ayesian Interpretation of Interpolated {K}neser-{N}ey",
number=         "TRA2/06",
institution=    "School of Computing, National University of Singapore",
year=           "2006"
}

@InProceedings{Teh2006b,
title=          "A Hierarchical {B}ayesian Language Model based on 
                 {P}itman-{Y}or Processes",
author=         "Y. W. Teh",
booktitle=      "Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for 
                 Computational Linguistics",
volume=         "44",
year=           "2006"
}

@InProceedings{TehJorBea2005,
author=         "Y. W. Teh and M. I. Jordan and M. J. Beal and D. M. Blei",
title=          "Sharing Clusters among Related Groups:
                 Hierarchical {D}irichlet Processes",
booktitle=      "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems",
volume=         17,
year=           2005
}

% Goldwater
@InProceedings{Goldwate+Griffiths:2007,
  author =       {Sharon Goldwater and Thomas L. Griffiths},
  title =        { A Fully {B}ayesian Approach to Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Tagging},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of ACL},
  year =         2007,
  address =      {Prague},
  month =        {June}
}

@PhDThesis{Goldwater:2006,
   author    = "Sharon Goldwater",
   title     = " Nonparametric {B}ayesian Models of Lexical Acquisition",
   year      = 2006,
   school   = "Brown University"
}

% she requests you cite goldwater-updated instead                  
@InProceedings{Goldwater,
 author="Sharon Goldwater and Thomas L. Griffiths and Mark Johnson",
 title="Contextual Dependencies in Unsupervised Word Segmentation",
 booktitle="Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference/North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT/NAACL)", 
 year=2006,
}

@unpublished{goldwater-updated,
  author = "Sharon Goldwater and Thomas L. Griffiths and Mark Johnson",
  title = "A {Bayesian} Framework for Word Segmentation: Exploring the Effects of Context",
  year = 2008,
  note = "In submission"
}

@article{goldwater2009bayesian,
	Author = {Goldwater, Sharon and Griffiths, Thomas L. and Johnson, Mark},
	Journal = {Cognition},
	Number = 1,
	Pages = {21--54},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {A {B}ayesian framework for word segmentation: {E}xploring the effects of context},
	Volume = 112,
	Year = 2009,
}

@InProceedings{Goldwater+nips06,
 title=" Interpolating between Types and Tokens by Estimating {P}ower-{L}aw Generators",
 author="Sharon Goldwater, Thomas L. Griffiths, and Mark Johnson",
 booktitle="Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS06)",
 year=2006,
}

% Zhai
@InProceedings{Zhai+Lafferty:2001,
  author =       "Chengxiang Zhai and John Lafferty", 
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 24rd Annual ACM SIGIR Conference on
                 Research and Development in Information Retrieval
                 (SIGIR-2001)",
  title =        "A study of Smoothing Methods for Language Models Applied to Ad Hoc Information Retrieval", 
  pages =        "334--342",
  year =         "2001",
}

% Ponte
@InProceedings{Ponte+Croft:1998,
  author =       "J. Ponte and W. B. Croft", 
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 21rd Annual ACM SIGIR Conference on
                 Research and Development in Information Retrieval
                 (SIGIR-1998)",
  title =        "A Language Modeling Approach to Information Retrieval", 
  pages =        "275--281",
  year =         "1998",
}

% MacKay
@article{mackay95hierarchical,
    author = "D. J. C. MacKay and L. Peto",
    title = "A Hierarchical {D}irichlet Language Model",
    year = "1994",
    journal="Natural Language Engineering",
    volume="1",
    number="3",
    pages="1--19",
    url="citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mackay94hierarchical.html",
    url="http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/mackay94hierarchical.html" 
}

@InProceedings{Pipelines2006,
 author="Jenny Rose Finkel and Christopher D. Manning and Andrew Y. Ng",
 title="Solving the Problem of Cascading Errors: Approximate {B}ayesian Inference for Linguistic Annotation Pipelines",
 booktitle=EMNLP06,
 address="Sydney",
 year=2006,
}
%%% end zhao's area paper citations

@InProceedings{huang+chiang:2007,
  author =       {Liang Huang and David Chiang},
  title =        {Faster Algorithms for Decoding with Integrated
Language Models},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of ACL},
  year =         2007,
  address =      {Prague},
  month =        {June}
}

@inproceedings{zollman-smt06,
 author="Andreas Zollmann and Ashish Venugopal",
 year=2006,
 title="Syntax augmented machine translation via chart parsing",
 booktitle="Proc.\ Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation",
 address="New York, NY",
 pages="138--141"
}

@InProceedings{Venugopaletal2007,
 author =        {Ashish Venugopal and Andreas Zollmann and Stephan Vogel},
 title =         {An Efficient Two-Pass Approach to Synchronous-{CFG} Driven Statistical {MT}},
 booktitle =      {NAACL07},
 year  =         2007,
 address =       {Rochester, NY},
 month     =     {April}
}
Van Slype, Georges. 1979. Critical methods for evaluating the quality of machine translation. Tech. Rep. BR-19142, European Commission Directorate General Scientific and Technical Information and Information Management, Bureau Marcel van Dijk.
White J. 2001. Predicting intelligibility from fidelity in MT evaluation. In Workshop on MT Evaluation "Who did what to whom?" at MT Summit VIII, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, pp.35-37.

@InProceedings{kumar03naacl,
 author = {Shankar Kumar and William Byrne},
 title = {A weighted finite state transducer implementation of the alignment template model for statistical machine translation},
 booktitle = {NAACL03},
 year = 2003,
 pages = {63--70},
 location = {Edmonton, Canada},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Shieber:2007:PST,
  ADDRESS = {Rochester, New York},
  AUTHOR = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation},
  DATE-ADDED = {2007-02-28 22:06:09 -0500},
  DATE-MODIFIED = {2007-02-28 22:22:37 -0500},
  EDITOR = {Dekai Wu and David Chiang},
  MONTH = {26 April},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars for Machine Translation: The Argument from Bilingual Dictionaries},
  URL = {http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~shieber/Biblio/Papers/stag-mt-basis.pdf},
  YEAR = {2007}
}

@inproceedings{liang06alignment,
            title = {Alignment by Agreement},
            author = {P. Liang and B. Taskar and D. Klein},
            pages = {104--111},
            booktitle = {North American Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)},
            year = {2006},
}



@InProceedings{fiknight-98,
 author = {Kevin Knight and Yaser Al-Onaizan},
 title = {Translation with Finite-State Devices},
 booktitle = {AMTA '98: Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas on Machine Translation and the Information Soup},
 year = 1998,
 isbn = {3-540-65259-0},
 pages = {421--437},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 address = {London, UK},
 }

@InProceedings{didier03,
  author={Gilles Didier},
  title={Common Intervals of Two Sequences},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Annual Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics},
  year = 2003,
  pages = {17--24},
  notes ="vol. 2812 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
}

@InProceedings{goodman:1996,
  author  = {Joshua Goodman},
  title   = {Parsing algorithms and metrics},
  booktitle = ACL96,
  year = 1996,
  pages ={177-183}
}

@article{Goodman99,
 author = {Goodman, Joshua},
 title = {Semiring parsing},
 journal = {Computational Linguistics},
 volume = {25},
 number = {4},
 year = {1999},
 issn = {0891-2017},
 pages = {573--605},
 publisher = {MIT Press},
 address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
 }

@InProceedings{kumar-byrne:2004:HLTNAACL,
  author    = {Kumar, Shankar  and  Byrne, William},
  title     = {Minimum Bayes-Risk Decoding for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {HLT-NAACL 2004: Main Proceedings },
  editor = {Susan Dumais, Daniel Marcu and Salim Roukos},
  year      = 2004,
  month     = {May 2 - May 7},
  address   = {Boston, Massachusetts, USA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {169--176}
}

@InProceedings{Lin-naacl03,
 author="Dekang Lin and Colin Cherry",
 title="Word Alignment with Cohesion Constraint",
 booktitle=NAACL03,
 year=2003,
 address="Edmonton, Alberta",
}

@InProceedings{deng-byrne:2005:HLTEMNLP,
  author    = {Deng, Yonggang  and  Byrne, William},
  title     = {{HMM} Word and Phrase Alignment for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {October},
  year      = {2005},
  address   = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {169--176},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/H/H05/H05-1022}
}

@InProceedings{he:2007:WMT,
  author    = {He, Xiaodong},
  title     = {Using Word-Dependent Transition Models in {HMM}-Based Word Alignment for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2007},
  address   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {80--87},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W07/W07-0711}
}

@InProceedings{fraser-marcu:2007:EMNLP-CoNLL2007,
  author    = {Fraser, Alexander  and  Marcu, Daniel},
  title     = {Getting the Structure Right for Word Alignment: {LEAF}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)},
  pages     = {51--60},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D07/D07-1006},
  year      = {2007},
}

@InProceedings{moore-yih-bode:2006:COLACL,
  author    = {Moore, Robert C.  and  Yih, Wen-tau  and  Bode, Andreas},
  title     = {Improved Discriminative Bilingual Word Alignment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {July},
  year      = {2006},
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {513--520},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P06/P06-1065}
}

@InProceedings{moore:2004:ACL,
  author    = {Moore, Robert C.},
  title     = {Improving IBM Word Alignment Model 1},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'04), Main Volume},
  year      = 2004,
  month     = {July},
  address   = {Barcelona, Spain},
  pages     = {518--525}
}

@InProceedings{shen-acl2008,
  author =       "Shen, Libin and Xu, Jinxi and Weischedel, Ralph",
  booktitle =    ACL08,
  title =        "A New String-to-Dependency Machine Translation Algorithm with a Target Dependency Language Model",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Columbus, OH",
  month =        June,
  year =         2008
}

@InProceedings{huang-acl08,
  author =       "Liang Huang",
  booktitle =    ACL08,
  title =        "Forest Reranking: Discriminative Parsing with Non-Local Features",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Columbus, OH",
  month =        June,
  year =         2008
}

@article{shieber-1995,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Yves Schabes and Fernando C.~N. Pereira},
  title = {Principles and Implementation of Deductive Parsing},
  journal={The Journal of Logic Programming},
  volume={24},
  number={1-2},
  pages={3--36},
  year={1995},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@InProceedings{KauchakB06,
  author    = {David Kauchak and
               Regina Barzilay},
  title     = {Paraphrasing for Automatic Evaluation},
  booktitle = {HLT-NAACL},
  year      = {2006},
  ee        = {http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/N/N06/N06-1058.pdf},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de}
}

@InProceedings{zhou-lin-hovy:2006:EMNLP,
  author    = {Zhou, Liang  and  Lin, Chin-Yew  and  Hovy, Eduard},
  title     = {Re-evaluating Machine Translation Results with Paraphrase Support},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {July},
  year      = {2006},
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {77--84},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W06/W06-1610}
}

@InProceedings{ callison-burch06reevaluating,
  author = "C. Callison-Burch and M. Osborne and P. Koehn",
  title = "Re-evaluating the role of BLEU in Machine Translation Research",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of EACL-2006.",
  year = "2006",
  url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/callison-burch06reevaluating.html" 
}

@misc{ lavie04significance,
  author = "A. Lavie and K. Sagae and S. Jayaraman",
  title = "The Significance of Recall in Automatic Metrics for MT Evaluation",
  text = "Lavie, A., Sagae, K., & Jayaraman, S. (2004). The Significance of Recall
    in Automatic Metrics for MT Evaluation. Proceedings of the 6th Biennial
    Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA-04).",
  year = "2004",
  url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/lavie04significance.html" }

@article{ melamed00models,
    author = "I. Dan Melamed",
    title = "Models of Translational Equivalence among Words",
    journal = "Computational Linguistics",
    volume = "26",
    number = "2",
    pages = "221-249",
    year = "2000",
    url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/article/melamed00models.html" }

@InProceedings{paren-acl2008,
  author =       "Lin, Dekang and Zhao, Shaojun and Van Durme, Benjamin and Pasca, Marius",
  booktitle =    ACL08,
  title =        "Mining Parenthetical Translations from the Web by Word Alignment",
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Columbus, OH",
  month =        June,
  year =         2008,
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Brants07largelanguage,
    author = {Thorsten Brants and Ashok C. Popat and Peng Xu and Franz J. Och and Jeffrey Dean},
    title = {Large language models in machine translation},
    booktitle = {in Proceedings of Conference of Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
    year = {2007},
    pages = {858--867},
}

@InProceedings{cao+mt-summit-2007,
author="Guihong Cao and Jianfeng Gao and Jian-Yun Nie",
year=2007,
title="A System to Mine Large-Scale Bilingual Dictionaries from Monolingual Web Pages",
booktitle="Proceedings of MT Summit XI",
pages = {57--64},
}

@ARTICLE{Dunning+cl93,
    author = {Ted Dunning},
    title = {Accurate methods for the statistics of surprise and coincidence},
    journal = {Computational Linguistics},
    year = {1993},
    volume = {19},
    pages = {61--74}
}

@InProceedings{gale+hlt91,
 author = {William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church},
 title = {Identifying word correspondence in parallel texts},
 booktitle = {HLT '91: Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language},
 year = {1991},
 pages = {152--157},
 location = {Pacific Grove, California},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/112405.112428},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{jiang+ijcai07,
    author = {Long Jiang and Ming Zhou and Lee-feng Chien and Cheng Niu},
    title = {Named Entity Translation with Web Mining and Transliteration},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
    year = {2007},
    pages = {1629--1634}
}

@InProceedings{kwok+icia-2005,
author="K.L. Kwok and P. Deng and N. Dinstl and H.L. Sun and W. Xu and P. Peng and J. Doyon",
year=2005,
title="CHINET: a Chinese name finder system for document triage",
booktitle={Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Intelligence Analysis},
}

@InProceedings{Nagata+acl-2001,
 author = {Masaaki Nagata and Teruka Saito and Kenji Suzuki},
 title = {Using the web as a bilingual dictionary},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the workshop on Data-driven methods in machine translation},
 year = {2001},
 pages = {1--8},
 location = {Toulouse, France},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1118037.1118050},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{sag+cicling-2002,
    author = {Ivan A. Sag and Timothy Baldwin and Francis Bond and Ann Copestake},
    title = {Multiword expressions: A pain in the neck for nlp},
    booktitle = {In Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLing-2002)},
    year = {2002},
    pages = {1--15}
}

@InProceedings{Taskar+hlt-2005,
 author = {Ben Taskar and Simon Lacoste-Julien and Dan Klein},
 title = {A discriminative matching approach to word alignment},
 booktitle = {HLT '05: Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {73--80},
 location = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1220575.1220585},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
 }

@InProceedings{Tiedemann+coling-2004,
 author = {J\"{o}rg Tiedemann},
 title = {Word to word alignment strategies},
 booktitle = {COLING '04: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics},
 year = {2004},
 pages = {212},
 location = {Geneva, Switzerland},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1220355.1220386},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
 }

@InProceedings{Wu+EMNLP-CoNLL-2007,
  author    = {Wu, Jian-Cheng  and  Chang, Jason S.},
  title     = {Learning to Find {E}nglish to {C}hinese Transliterations on the Web},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2007},
  address   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {996--1004},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D07/D07-1106}
}

@InProceedings{Zhang+acl-2005,
  author =       "Ying Zhang and Stephan Vogel",
  booktitle =    ACL05,
  title = {Integrated phrase segmentation and alignment algorithm for statistical machine translation},
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Ann Arbor, MI",
  year =         2005,
}

@InProceedings{BlunsomCohnOsborne-nips08,
 title="Bayesian Synchronous Grammar Induction",
 author="Phil Blunsom and Trevor Cohn and Miles Osborne",
 booktitle="Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)",
 year= 2008,
}

@inproceedings{Blunsom-acl10,
  author="Phil Blunsom and Trevor Cohn",
  year="2010",
  title="Inducing synchronous
grammars with slice sampling",
  booktitle="Proceedings
of the Human Language Technology: The 11th
Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of
the Association for Computational Linguistics",
}

@InProceedings{FossumKnightAbney-smt08,
  author =       "Victoria Fossum and Kevin Knight and Steven Abney",
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  title = {Using Syntax to ImproveWord Alignment Precision for Syntax-Based Machine Translation},
  organization = "ACL",
  address =      "Columbus, Ohio",
  year =         2008,
}


@article{graham:1972,
  author = 		 {Ronald Graham},
  title = 		 {An Efficient Algorithm for Determining the Convex Hull of a Finite Planar Set},
  journal = 	 {Information Processing Letters},
  pages =		 {132-133},
  year =		 1972,
  volume =		 1
}

@InProceedings{huang:2007,
  author = 		 {Liang Huang},
  title = 		 {Binarization, Synchronous Binarization, and Target-side Binarization},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the NAACL/AMTA Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation (SSST)},
  year =		 2007,
  pages     = {33--40},
  address =      "Rochester, NY"
}


@Article{catalan:1844,
  author = 		 {Eug\`{e}ne Catalan},
  title = 		 {Note extraite d'une lettre adress\'{e}e},
  journal = 	 {J. Reine Angew. Math.},
  year = 		 1844,
  volume =		 27,
  pages =		 192
}
@Misc{magerman-head-rules,
  author =    {David Magerman},
  title = {Personal correspondence.},
  howpublished = {http://people.csail.mit.edu/mcollins/papers/heads},
  year =      1995,
}


@Misc{ISI06,
  author =		 {{ISI Machine Translation Team}},
  title =		 {{ISI} at {NIST}-06},
  howpublished = {Working Notes of the NIST MT Evaluation Workshop},
  month =		 {September},
  note = {Washington, D.C.},
  year =		 2006
}

@InProceedings{haghighi-klein:2007:ACLMain,
  author    = {Haghighi, Aria  and  Klein, Dan},
  title     = {Unsupervised Coreference Resolution in a Nonparametric {Bayesian} Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {June},
  year      = 2007,
  address   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  pages     = {848--855},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P07/P07-1107}
}

@InProceedings{kikui-acl02,
  author    = {Genichiro Kikui  and  Hirofumi Yamamoto},
  title     = {Finding Translation Pairs from {English}-{Japanese} Untokenized Aligned Corpora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL-02 Workshop on Speech-to-Speech Translation: Algorithms and Systems},
  month     = {July},
  year      = {2002},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {23--30},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W02-0704},
  doi       = {10.3115/1118656.1118660}
}

@InProceedings{moore-amta02,
 author = {Moore,, Robert C.},
 title = {Fast and Accurate Sentence Alignment of Bilingual Corpora},
 booktitle = {AMTA '02: Proceedings of the 5th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas on Machine Translation: From Research to Real Users},
 year = {2002},
 isbn = {3-540-44282-0},
 pages = {135--144},
 publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
 address = {London, UK},
 }

@ARTICLE{Melamed-cl99,
    author = {I. Dan Melamed},
    title = {Bitext maps and alignment via pattern recognition},
    journal = {Computational Linguistics},
    year = {1999},
    volume = {25},
    pages = {107--130}
}

@Inproceedings{varga-ranlp05,
  author = {Dániel Varga and László Németh and Péter Halácsy and András Kornai and Viktor Trón and Viktor Nagy},
  title = {Parallel corpora for medium density languages},
  BOOKTITLE = {{R}ecent {A}dvances in {N}atural {L}anguage {P}rocessing {IV}: {S}elected {P}apers from {RANLP} 2005},
  year = {2005},
  abstract = {The choice of natural language technology appropriate for a given language is greatly impacted by {\it density} (availability of digitally stored material).  More than half of the world speak medium density languages, yet many of the methods appropriate for high or low density languages yield suboptimal results when applied to the medium density case. In this paper we describe a general methodology for rapidly collecting, building, and aligning parallel corpora for medium density languages, illustrating our main points on the case of Hungarian, Romanian, and Slovenian. We also describe and evaluate the hybrid sentence alignment method we are using.}
}

@Inproceedings{halacsy-04,
  author = {Péter Halácsy and András Kornai and László Németh and András Rung and István Szakadát and Viktor Trón and Dániel Varga},
  authorURLs = {http://mokk.bme.hu/Members/hp and http://mokk.bme.hu/Members/kornai and   and   and http://syi.hu and   and  },
  title = {Hunglish: nyílt statisztikai magyar-angol gépi nyersfordító},
  year = {2004},
  abstract = {A Budapesti Műszaki Egyetem Média Oktató és Kutató Központjának vezetésével 2004 júliusában indult Hunglish projekt egy szabadon felhasználható, statisztikai gépi nyersfordítót, illetve fordítástámogató rendszert hoz létre, magyar nyelvű szövegek angolra való átültetéséhez. A gépi fordító tanításához egy kétnyelvű illesztett párhuzamos korpuszt hozunk létre. A projekt lezárása után nemcsak a kifejlesztett szoftvereket, hanem a korpuszt és az ez alapján épített/javított kétnyelvű magyar--angol szótárat is szabadon hozzáférhetővé tesszük bárki számára.},
  keywords = {hunglish}
}

@InProceedings{nemeth-saltmil04,
 author		= {László Németh and Viktor Trón and Péter Halácsy and András Kornai and András Rung and István Szakadát},
 title		= {Leveraging the Open Source Ispell Codebase for Minority Language Analysis},
 year 		= {2004},
 url 		= {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/nemeth04leveraging.html},
 booktitle	= {SALTMIL Workshop at LREC 2004: First Steps in Language Documentation for Minority Languages}
}

@InProceedings{tron-acl05,
  title     = {Hunmorph: Open Source Word Analysis},
  author 	= {Viktor Trón and László Németh and Péter Halácsy and András Kornai and György Gyepesi and Dániel Varga},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Software},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2005},
  address   = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {77--85},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W05-1106}
}

@InProceedings{goldwater-acl06,
  author    = {Goldwater, Sharon  and  Griffiths, Thomas L.  and  Johnson, Mark},
  title     = {Contextual Dependencies in Unsupervised Word Segmentation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {July},
  year      = {2006},
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {673--680},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P06-1085},
  doi       = {10.3115/1220175.1220260}
}

@InProceedings{zhang-wmt08,
  author    = {Zhang, Ruiqiang  and  Yasuda, Keiji  and  Sumita, Eiichiro},
  title     = {Improved Statistical Machine Translation by Multiple {Chinese} Word Segmentation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  year      = {2008},
  pages     = {216--223},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W08/W08-0335}
}

@InProceedings{chang-wmt08,
  author    = {Chang, {Pi-Chuan}  and  Galley, Michel  and  Manning, Christopher},
  title     = {Optimizing {Chinese} Word Segmentation for Machine Translation Performance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  year      = {2008},
  pages     = {224--232},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W08/W08-0336}
}

@InProceedings{kurihara-icgi06,
 author		= {Kenichi Kurihara and Taisuke Sato},
 title		= {Variational Bayesian Grammar Induction for Natural Language},
 booktitle	= {International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference},
 address	= {Tokyo, Japan},
 year		= {2006},
 pages		= {84-96},
}

@book{boyd-book04,
	abstract = {{Convex optimization problems arise frequently in many different fields. A comprehensive introduction to the subject, this book shows in detail how such problems can be solved numerically with great efficiency. The focus is on recognizing convex optimization problems and then finding the most appropriate technique for solving them. The text contains many worked examples and homework exercises and will appeal to students, researchers and practitioners in fields such as engineering, computer science, mathematics, statistics, finance, and economics.}},
	author = {Boyd, Stephen   and Vandenberghe, Lieven  },
	howpublished = {Hardcover},
	isbn = {0521833787},
	keywords = {convex\_optimization},
	month = {March},
	posted-at = {2006-07-25 17:34:12},
	priority = {0},
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	title = {Convex Optimization},
	year = {2004}
}

@BOOK{grnt-tool08,
    author = {Michael Grant and Stephen Boyd},
    title = {CVX: Matlab software for disciplined convex programming (web page and software) http://stanford.edu/$\sim$boyd/cvx},
	month = {December},
    year = {2008},
}

@TECHREPORT{zhu-tech94,
    author = {Ciyou Zhu and Richard H. Byrd and Peihuang Lu and Jorge Nocedal},
    title = {{L-BFGS-B}: FORTRAN subroutines for large-scale bound constrained optimization},
    institution = {ACM Trans. Math. Software},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{nocedal-80,
    abstract = {We study how to use the BFGS quasi-Newton matrices to precondition minimization methods for problems where the storage is critical. We give an update formula which generates matrices using information from the last m iterations, where m is any number supplied by the user. The quasi-Newton matrix is updated at every iteration by dropping the oldest information and replacing it by the newest information. It is shown that the matrices generated have some desirable properties. The resulting algorithms are tested numerically and compared with several well-known methods.},
    author = {Nocedal, Jorge},
    journal = {Mathematics of Computation},
    number = {151},
    pages = {773--782},
    title = {Updating Quasi-Newton Matrices with Limited Storage},
    url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2006193},
    volume = {35},
    year = {1980}
}

@article{Yuster-talg05,
 author = {Yuster, Raphael and Zwick, Uri},
 title = {Fast sparse matrix multiplication},
 journal = {ACM Transactions on Algorithms},
 volume = {1},
 number = {1},
 year = {2005},
 issn = {1549-6325},
 pages = {2--13},
 doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1077464.1077466},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
 }

@InProceedings{moore-bams20,
 author		= {Eliakim Hastings Moore},
 title		= {On the reciprocal of the general algebraic matrix},
 booktitle	= {Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society},
 year		= {1920},
 volume		= {26},
 pages		= {394-395},
}

@InProceedings{penrose-cps55,
 author		= {Roger Penrose},
 title		= {A generalized inverse for matrices},
 booktitle	= {Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
 year		= {1955},
 volume		= {51},
 issue		= {3},
 pages		= {406-413},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{lee-nips01,
    author = {Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung},
    title = {Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization},
    booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)},
    year = {2001},
	volume = {13},
    pages = {556--562},
    publisher = {MIT Press}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{xue-ijclclp03,
    author = {Nianwen Xue},
    title = {Chinese Word Segmentation as Character Tagging},
    booktitle = {International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing},
    year = {2003},
    volume = {8},
	number = {1},
    pages = {29--48}
}

@InProceedings{mochihashi-acl09,
  author    = {Mochihashi, Daichi  and  Yamada, Takeshi  and  Ueda, Naonori},
  title     = {Bayesian Unsupervised Word Segmentation with Nested {Pitman}-{Yor} Language Modeling},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP},
  month     = {August},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Suntec, Singapore},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {100--108},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P09/P09-1012}
}

@InProceedings{liang-naacl09,
  author    = {Liang, Percy  and  Klein, Dan},
  title     = {Online {EM} for Unsupervised Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Boulder, Colorado},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {611--619},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N/N09/N09-1069}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{lee-naacl04,
    author = {{Young-suk} Lee},
    title = {Morphological Analysis for Statistical Machine Translation},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Language Technology, Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL)},
    year = {2004},
    pages = {57--60}
}

@InProceedings{goldwater-emnlp05,
  author    = {Sharon Goldwater and
               David McClosky},
  title     = {Improving Statistical MT through Morphological Analysis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (HLT/EMNLP)},
  year      = {2005},
}

@TECHREPORT{alonaizan-tech99,
    author = {Yaser Al-Onaizan and Jan Curin and Michael Jahr and Kevin Knight and John Lafferty and Dan Melamed and Franz-Josef Och and David Purdy and Noah A. Smith and David Yarowsky},
    title = {Statistical Machine Translation},
    institution = {Final Report, JHU Summer Workshop},
    year = {1999}
}

@InProceedings{cmejrek-eacl03,
 author = {{\v{C}}mejrek,, Martin and Cu\v{r}\'{\i}n,, Jan and Havelka,, Ji\v{r}\'{\i}},
 title = {Czech-English dependency-based machine translation},
 booktitle = {EACL '03: Proceedings of the tenth conference of the European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
 year = {2003},
 isbn = {1-333-56789-0},
 pages = {83--90},
 location = {Budapest, Hungary},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
 }

@InProceedings{ueffing-eacl03,
 author = {Ueffing,, Nicola and Ney,, Hermann},
 title = {Using POS information for statistical machine translation into morphologically rich languages},
 booktitle = {EACL '03: Proceedings of the tenth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
 year = {2003},
 isbn = {1-333-56789-0},
 pages = {347--354},
 location = {Budapest, Hungary},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1067807.1067853},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
 }

@InProceedings{minkov-acl07,
  author    = {Einat Minkov and
               Kristina Toutanova and
               Hisami Suzuki},
  title     = {Generating Complex Morphology for Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the
               Association for Computational Linguistics, June 23-30, 2007,
               Prague, Czech Republic},
  year      = {2007},
  ee        = {http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P07/P07-1017.pdf},
}

@article{rissanen-auto78,
	author = {Jorma Rissanen},
	journal = {Automatica},
	keywords = {compression, description, length, minimum},
	pages = {465--471},
	title = {Modeling By Shortest Data Description},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1978}
}

@InProceedings{marcken-acl96,
  author    = {Carl {De Marcken}},
  title     = {Linguistic Structure as Composition and Perturbation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {1996},
  address   = {Santa Cruz, California, USA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {335--341},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P96-1044},
  doi       = {10.3115/981863.981907}
}

@article{niessen-cl04,
 author = {Nie{\ss}en,, Sonja and Ney,, Hermann},
 title = {Statistical Machine Translation with Scarce Resources Using Morpho-syntactic Information},
 journal = {Compututational Linguistics},
 volume = {30},
 number = {2},
 year = {2004},
 issn = {0891-2017},
 pages = {181--204},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120104323093285},
 publisher = {MIT Press},
 address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
}

@InProceedings{niessen-acl00,
 author = {Nie{\ss}en,, Sonja and Ney,, Hermann},
 title = {Improving SMT quality with morpho-syntactic analysis},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics},
 year = {2000},
 pages = {1081--1085},
 location = {Saarbr\"{u}cken, Germany},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/992730.992809},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Morristown, NJ, USA},
}

@Inproceedings{niessen-mtsummit01,
author= {Nie{\ss}en, Sonja and Ney, Hermann},
title= {Morpho-syntactic analysis for Reordering in Statistical Machine Translation},
booktitle= {Machine Translation Summit},
year= {2001},
pages= {247-252},
address= {Santiago de Compostela, Spain},
month= {September},
}

@InProceedings{cmejrek-lre04,
Author = {Martin {\v{C}}mejrek and Jan Cu{\v{r}}{\'{i}}n and Ji{\v{r}}{\'{i}} Havelka and Jan Haji{\v{c}} and Vladislav Kubo{\v{n}}},
Title = {{Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank. Syntactically Annotated Resources for Machine Translation}},
BookTitle = {{Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation}},
Pages = {1597--1600},
Volume = {V},
Year = {2004},
Address = {Lisboa},
Publisher = {European Language Resources Association},
ISBN = {ISBN 2-9517408-1-6},
} 

@InProceedings{xu-coling08,
  author    = {Xu, Jia  and  Gao, Jianfeng  and  Toutanova, Kristina  and  Ney, Hermann},
  title     = {Bayesian Semi-Supervised Chinese Word Segmentation for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling 2008)},
  month     = {August},
  year      = {2008},
  address   = {Manchester, UK},
  publisher = {Coling 2008 Organizing Committee},
  pages     = {1017--1024},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C08-1128}
}

@article{goldsmith-cl01,
 author = {Goldsmith,, John},
 title = {Unsupervised learning of the morphology of a natural language},
 journal = {Computational Linguistics},
 volume = {27},
 number = {2},
 year = {2001},
 issn = {0891-2017},
 pages = {153--198},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120101750300490},
 publisher = {MIT Press},
 address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
 }

@InProceedings{Blunsom-acl08,
author="Phil Blunsom and Trevor Cohn and Miles Osborne",
year=2008,
title="A Discriminative Latent Variable Model for Statistical Machine Translation",
booktitle=ACL08,
address="Columbus, Ohio"  } 

@InProceedings{Fung-slt06,
author="Pascale Fung and Zhaojun Wu and Yongsheng Yang and Dekai Wu",
year=2006,
title="Learning of {Chinese/English} Semantic Structure Mapping",
booktitle="IEEE/ACL 2006 Workshop on Spoken Language Technology",
address="Aruba"} 

% lbfgs-b reference
@TechReport{tao-user-ref,
  author =       "Steve Benson and Lois Curfman McInnes and Jorge Mor\'{e} and Todd Munson and Jason Sarich",
  title =        "{TAO} User Manual (Revision 1.9)",
  year =         "2007",
  institution =  "Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory",
  number =       "ANL/MCS-TM-242",
  note =         "http://www.mcs.anl.gov/tao",
}

@article{Friedlander-1994,
 author="Friedlander, A. and J.M. Martinez and S.A. Santos",
 title="On the resolution of linearly constrained convex minimization problems",
 journal="SIAM Journal on Optimization",
 volume=4,
 pages="331--339",
 year=1994,
 annote="convert complex constraints to bound constraints for optimization problems",
}

@InProceedings{XuePalmer-05,
author="Nianwen Xue and Martha Palmer",
title="Automatic Semantic Role Labeling for Chinese Verbs",
booktitle="Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
year="2005",
}

@inproceedings{liang06alignment,
  title = {Alignment by Agreement},
  author = {P. Liang and B. Taskar and D. Klein},
  pages = {104--111},
  booktitle = {North American Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)},
  year = {2006},
}

@inproceedings{Cherry03aprobability,
    author = {Colin Cherry and Dekang Lin},
    title = {A Probability Model to Improve Word Alignment},
    booktitle = ACL03,
    location = {Sapporo, Japan},
    year = {2003}
}

@conference{xiao2009better,
  title={{Better synchronous binarization for machine translation}},
  author={Xiao, T. and Li, M. and Zhang, D. and Zhu, J. and Zhou, M.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Volume 1-Volume 1},
  pages={362--370},
  year={2009},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@conference{denero2009asynchronous,
  title={{Asynchronous binarization for synchronous grammars}},
  author={DeNero, J. and Pauls, A. and Klein, D.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers},
  pages={141--144},
  year={2009},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@conference{eisner2001expectation,
  title={{Expectation semirings: Flexible EM for learning finite-state transducers}},
  author={Eisner, J.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the ESSLLI workshop on finite-state methods in NLP},
  year={2001},
  organization={Citeseer}
}

@conference{blunsom2009gibbs,
  title={{A Gibbs sampler for phrasal synchronous grammar induction}},
  author={Blunsom, P. and Cohn, T. and Dyer, C. and Osborne, M.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP: Volume 2-Volume 2},
  pages={782--790},
  year={2009},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@conference{watanabe2006left,
  title={{Left-to-right target generation for hierarchical phrase-based translation}},
  author={Watanabe, T. and Tsukada, H. and Isozaki, H.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages={777--784},
  year={2006},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@conference{huang2008advanced,
  title={{Advanced dynamic programming in semiring and hypergraph frameworks}},
  author={Huang, L.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of COLING. Survey paper to accompany the conference tutorial, Manchester, UK, August},
  year={2008},
  organization={Citeseer}
}

@article{knuth1977generalization,
  title={{A generalization of Dijkstra's algorithm* 1}},
  author={Knuth, D.E.},
  journal={Information Processing Letters},
  volume={6},
  number={1},
  pages={1--5},
  year={1977},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{chiang2006introduction,
  title={{An introduction to synchronous grammars}},
  author={Chiang, D.},
  journal={Tutorial on ACL-06},
  year={2006},
  publisher={Citeseer}
}

@article{lange2009cnf,
  title={{To CNF or not to CNF? An Efficient Yet Presentable Version of the CYK Algorithm}},
  author={Lange, M. and Lei{\ss}, H.},
  year={2009}
}

@conference{klein2001parsing,
  title={{Parsing and hypergraphs}},
  author={Klein, D. and Manning, C.D.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT-2001)},
  year={2001},
  organization={Springer}
}

@article{charniak2006multi,
  title={{Multi-level coarse-to-fine PCFG Parsing}},
  author={Charniak, E. and Johnson, M. and Elsner, M. and Austerweil, J. and Ellis, D. and Haxton, I. and Hill, C. and Shrivaths, R. and Moore, J. and Pozar, M. and others},
  journal={HLT-NAACLÕ06},
  year={2006}
}

@conference{huang2007forest,
  title={{Forest rescoring: Faster decoding with integrated language models}},
  author={Huang, L. and Chiang, D.},
  booktitle={Annual meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics},
  volume={45},
  number={1},
  pages={144},
  year={2007}
}

@conference{pauls2009hierarchical,
  title={{Hierarchical Search for Parsing}},
  author={Pauls, A. and Klein, D.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages={557--565},
  year={2009},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@article{pauls2009kbest,
  title={{K-Best A* Parsing}},
  author={Pauls, A. and Klein, D.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2009 Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year={2009}
}

@article{Nix:1985,
  title={{Editing by example}},
  author={Nix, R. P.},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)},
  volume={7},
  issue={4},
  pages={600--621},
  year={1985},
}

@conference{Witten:1993,
  title={{TELS: learning text editing tasks from examples}},
  author={Witten, I. H. and Mo, D.},
  booktitle={Watch what I do: programming by demonstration},
  pages={293--307},
  year={1993},
  organization={MIT Press}
}

@inproceedings{kumar2009efficient,
  title={Efficient minimum error rate training and minimum bayes-risk decoding for translation hypergraphs and lattices},
  author={Kumar, S. and Macherey, W. and Dyer, C. and Och, F.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP: Volume 1-Volume 1},
  pages={163--171},
  year={2009},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}




% added by adam purtee
@article{Brill:1993,
 author={Brill, E.},
 title={Automatic grammar induction and parsing free text: a transformation-based approach},
 booktitle={ACL},
 year={1993}
}
@article{Schabes:1993a,
 author={Schabes, Y., Roth, M. and Osborne, R.},
 title={Parsing the WSJ with the Inside-Outside Algorithm}, 
 journal={EACL}, 
 year={1993},
}
@article{Pauls-Klein:2010,
  title = {Top-Down K-Best A* Parsing},
  author={Pauls, A. and Klein, D.},
  journal={ACL 2010},
  year={2010},
}
@article{Chi:1999,
 author = {Chi, Zhiyi},
 title = {Statistical properties of probabilistic context-free grammars},
 journal = {Comput. Linguist.},
 issue_date = {March 1999},
 volume = {25},
 issue = {1},
 month = mar,
 year = {1999},
 issn = {0891-2017},
 pages = {131--160},
 numpages = {30},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=973215.973219},
 acmid = {973219},
 publisher = {MIT Press},
 address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
}


@inproceedings{Pereira:1992,
 author = {Pereira, Fernando and Schabes, Yves},
 title = {Inside-outside reestimation from partially bracketed corpora},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language},
 series = {HLT '91},
 year = {1992},
 isbn = {1-55860-272-0},
 location = {Harriman, New York},
 pages = {122--127},
 numpages = {6},
 url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1075527.1075555},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1075527.1075555},
 acmid = {1075555},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA},
}
@inproceedings{knext,
 author = {Schubert, Lenhart},
 title = {Can we derive general world knowledge from texts?},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the second international conference on Human Language Technology Research},
 series = {HLT '02},
 year = {2002},
 location = {San Diego, California},
 pages = {94--97},
 numpages = {4},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1289189.1289263},
 acmid = {1289263},
 publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.},
 address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
} 
@INPROCEEDINGS{Levy06,
    author = {Roger Levy and Galen Andrew},
    title = {Tregex and Tsurgeon: tools for querying and manipulating tree data structures},
    booktitle = {LREC 2006},
    year = {2006}
}

@inproceedings{McClosky:2006,
 author = {McClosky, David and Charniak, Eugene and Johnson, Mark},
 title = {Effective self-training for parsing},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the main conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics},
 series = {HLT-NAACL '06},
 year = {2006},
 location = {New York, New York},
 pages = {152--159},
 numpages = {8},
 url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1220835.1220855},
 doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1220835.1220855},
 acmid = {1220855},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA},
 annote = {
  semi-supervised parsers 
     self-trained: charniak97
     co-trained: blum and mitchell, 1998; steedman et al., 2003
  o "self-training is not normally effective": charniak 1997, steedman et al., 2003 
  o only succesful implementation of self training: bacchiani et al. 2006
  o section 3.1 has a good ddescription of the parser they use (lexicalized pcfg, moothing, backoff)
  o unlabled data is NAANC (graff, 1995) - north american news text corpus (so, same domain)
  o they they expimented (with positive results) weighting the true data
  o  their best results were adding 750k sentences, improvement was non-monotonic, big improvement by just 50k. 
  o  they suppose that the "reranked NANC data incorporated some of the features of the re-ranker" 
  o  their _not_ re-training the re-ranker
  o final f-score was 92.1 on wsj sec 23 (all sentneces)
  o their analysis section was really good: they break down sentneces by self-training effect: improvement, no change, worse and then bin by
    sentence length, number of prepositions, number of unknown words, and number of conjunctions. 
    they notice "goldilocks effect":  the improvments happened on moderate length sentences (20-40), no real change on short or long ones
    they improve conjunction handling, no effect on prepositions, and no effect on number of unknown words
  }
}
@article{Henderson:2004,
 author={James Henderson}, 
 title={Discriminative training of a neural network statistical parser}, 
 journal={Proceedings of the 42nd annual meeting of the ACL (ACL 2004)}, 
 year={2004},
 address={Barcelona, Spain}
}
@article{Titov:2007,
 author={Titov, I. and Henderson, J.},
 title={Constituent Parsing with Incremental Sigmoid Belief Networks}, 
 journal={ACL 2007}, 
 year={2007},
}
@article{Bacchiani:2006,
 author = {Bacchiani, Michiel and Riley, Michael and Roark, Brian and Sproat, Richard},
 title = {MAP adaptation of stochastic grammars},
 journal = {Comput. Speech Lang.},
 volume = {20},
 issue = {1},
 month = {January},
 year = {2006},
 issn = {0885-2308},
 pages = {41--68},
 numpages = {28},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1648820.1648854},
 doi = {10.1016/j.csl.2004.12.001},
 acmid = {1648854},
 publisher = {Academic Press Ltd.},
 address = {London, UK, UK},
} 
@inproceedings{Steedman:2003,
author = {Steedman, Mark and Osborne, Miles and Sarkar, ANoop and Clark, Stephen and Hwa, Rebecca and Hockenmaier, Julia and Ruhlen, Paul and Baker, Steven and Crim, Jeremiah}, 
title = {Bootstrapping statistical parsers from small datasets}, 
series = {Proceedings of EACL 2003}, 
year = {2003},
booktitle = {EACL 2003},
}
@article{graff95,
author= {David Graff},
title = {North American News Text Corpus},
journal = {Linguistic Data Consortium},
annote = {LDC95T21},
year = {1995},
}
@inproceedings{McClosky:2008,
 author = {McClosky, David and Charniak, Eugene and Johnson, Mark},
 title = {When is self-training effective for parsing?},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Volume 1},
 series = {COLING '08},
 year = {2008},
 isbn = {978-1-905593-44-6},
 location = {Manchester, United Kingdom},
 pages = {561--568},
 numpages = {8},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1599081.1599152},
 acmid = {1599152},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA},
} 

@inproceedings{MacCartney:2008,
 author = {MacCartney, Bill and Manning, Christopher D.},
 title = {Modeling semantic containment and exclusion in natural language inference},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Volume 1},
 series = {COLING '08},
 year = {2008},
 isbn = {978-1-905593-44-6},
 location = {Manchester, United Kingdom},
 pages = {521--528},
 numpages = {8},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1599081.1599147},
 acmid = {1599147},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA},
 annote = { return to this, too much terminology for now },
} 
@article{Booth-Thompson:1973,
author = {Booth and Thompson},
year = {1973}, 
title = {Applied probability measures to abstract langauges},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers}, 
pages = {442--450},
}
@article{Knight:2007,
 author = {Knight, Kevin},
 title = {Capturing practical natural language transformations},
 journal = {Machine Translation},
 volume = {21},
 issue = {2},
 month = {June},
 year = {2007},
 issn = {0922-6567},
 pages = {121--133},
 numpages = {13},
 url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1403785.1403794},
 doi = {10.1007/s10590-008-9039-0},
 acmid = {1403794},
 publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
 address = {Hingham, MA, USA},
 keywords = {Automata, Translation},
 annote = {
  He evaluates various formal automata according to the criteria of expressiveness, modularity, inclusiveness, and teachability.
  Tree transducers are classified according to the types of productions which are allowed 
  Classes of tree transducers may also vary the structure (height) allowed on the LHS and RHS of the rules. 
  'STSG (Eisner 2003)  is slightly less powerful than xLNT"
  He relates tree transducers to string transducers with input and output epsilon rules -- says input epsilon rules break composability.
  o summary on finite  string transducers, trainable in quadratic time with forward-backward
  o dimensions of tree transducers:  depth of lhs rule, deleting?, copying? (non-linear), input/output empty rules?
}
} 

@inproceedings{Schabes:1993,
 author= {Schabes, Y. and Waters, R. C.},
title =  {Stochastic Lexicalized Context-Free Grammar},
journal =  {Proc. 3rd Int. Wkshp. on Parsing Technologies},
year =  {1993},
}

@article{May-Knight:2008,
 author= {May, Jonathan and Knight, Kevin},
 title= {A Primer on Tree Automata Software for Natural Language Processing}, 
 year = {2008}, 
 annote= {
  "A regular tree grammar is very similar in appearance to the more familiar context-free grammars (CFGs), but has a notion of states."
  "An RTG is a lot like a CFG. It has start symbols, which we now call states,
   and it has rules. The rules in an RTG have a single state on the left, and a
   tree on the right. Like the “string” way of operating a CFG, we start with
   the start state, then repeatedly erase states and in their place write down
   the right sides of the rules we used (which now are trees), until there are no
   states left to replace."
  -RTGs support extended right hand sides of rules.
  -Tiburon cleanly performs intersection of RTGs, which naturally supports testing if a language contains a specific tree.
  -Tiburon actually uses WRTGs and does top-k tree generation, language counting, and random tree generation.  It also natively supports listing only the yields of those trees.
  -Tiburon supports determinization -- which forces each tree to have a single unique derivation.
  "Like for RTGs, a transducer has a start state and a set of rules. However,
   while an RTG had a state on the left and a tree on the right, an FTTT has
   a state and a tree on the left and a tree on the right. The left side specifies
   what the transducer should expect (i.e. which state it should be in and which
   tree it should see) and the right side specifies what to do."
  - Tiburon supports FTTT rules with variables, which may optionally be restricted to vary over trees with a particular root label.
  "The tree is passed in through echo and pipe, and interpreted as the left most item in the transducer
   chain.. Tiburon should output an RTG. This is an example of the application
   operation. In general, a tree left-applied to a FTTT produces an RTG" - so Tiburon can take a FTTT and an input tree and convert it to an RTG
  - Tiburon also supports weighted FTTTs and finite tree-to-string transducers (FTSTs)
  - Tiburon can set the weights of a FTTT or FTSG so that the weight of a set of trees (or strings) is maximal.  (learning via EM)

}
}


@inproceedings{mcdonald2011multi,
  title={Multi-source transfer of delexicalized dependency parsers},
  author={McDonald, R. and Petrov, S. and Hall, K.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  pages={62--72},
  year={2011},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@inproceedings{jiang2010effective,
  title={Effective constituent projection across languages},
  author={Jiang, W. and L{\"u}, Y. and Liu, Y. and Liu, Q.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Posters},
  pages={516--524},
  year={2010},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@article{hwa2005bootstrapping,
  title={Bootstrapping parsers via syntactic projection across parallel texts},
  author={Hwa, R. and Resnik, P. and Weinberg, A. and Cabezas, C. and Kolak, O.},
  journal={Natural language engineering},
  volume={11},
  number={3},
  pages={311--326},
  year={2005},
  publisher={Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@inproceedings{mcdonald2005non,
  title={Non-projective dependency parsing using spanning tree algorithms},
  author={McDonald, R. and Pereira, F. and Ribarov, K. and Haji{\v{c}}, J.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  pages={523--530},
  year={2005},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@inproceedings{denero2011inducing,
  title={Inducing sentence structure from parallel corpora for reordering},
  author={DeNero, J. and Uszkoreit, J.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  pages={193--203},
  year={2011},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@article{ryan2011training,
  title={Training a parser for machine translation reordering},
  author={Ryan, J.K.B.S.P. and Och, M.D.F. and Seno, D.T.H.I.M. and Kazawa, H.},
  year={2011}
}

@article{shen2008new,
  title={A new string-to-dependency machine translation algorithm with a target dependency language model},
  author={Shen, Libin and Xu, Jinxi and Weischedel, Ralph},
  journal={Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT},
  pages={577--585},
  year={2008}
}

@inproceedings{kuhn2004experiments,
  title={Experiments in parallel-text based grammar induction},
  author={Kuhn, Jonas},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages={470},
  year={2004},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@inproceedings{nivre2004deterministic,
  title={Deterministic dependency parsing of English text},
  author={Nivre, Joakim and Scholz, Mario},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics},
  pages={64},
  year={2004},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@inproceedings{zhang2011binarized,
  title={Binarized forest to string translation},
  author={Zhang, Hao and Fang, Licheng and Xu, Peng and Wu, Xiaoyun},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year={2011}
}

@inproceedings{das2011unsupervised,
  title={Unsupervised part-of-speech tagging with bilingual graph-based projections},
  author={Das, Dipanjan and Petrov, Slav},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  pages={600--609},
  year={2011}
}
